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Biomedical subjects

M Kogo

Publications and source records attributed to M Kogo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Prognostic factors of primary biliary cirrhosis detected by health screening.

AIM: The liver cirrhosis is likely to differ in the Japanese and Western populations. Thus, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis by a review of clinical records to clarify prognostic factors after the onset of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) detected by health screening. METHODS: The subjects were 52 patients with PBC. Thirty-nine factors were evaluated concerning clinical data and extracted prognostic factors using the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: The mean duration of the follow-up period was 5.1 years, during which 6 (11.5%) of the patients died. The cumulative survival rate after the onset of PBC was 93.4% after 5 year, and 67.8% after 10 years. Multivariate analysis indicated 2 factors, i.e. the body mass index (BMI), and IgG, as independent prognostic factors. Their hazard ratios were 0.399 (per 1 kg/m2 of BMI) and 1.282 (per 100 mg/dL of IgG). The prognostic index (PI) was calculated by the following formula using these 2 factors. PI = 0.919 x BMI+0.249 x IgG. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction of the outcome using PI based on the 2 factors provides additional information for the determination of the therapeutic approach in PBC after health screening.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2006

Spheric mass beneath the alar base: MR images of nasolabial cyst and schwannoma.

We report 2 cases of nasolabial cyst and a case of schwannoma beneath the alar base that required a differential diagnosis because of clinical features and MR images that resembled the nasolabial cyst. The morphologic analysis on MR images revealed the characteristic appearance of the nasolabial cyst, and the sagittal MR image may be most helpful for diagnosing this rare disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of paraumbilical vein as a prognostic index of severe liver cirrhotic patients with portal-systemic shunts.

AIM: The aim of this study was to predict the outcome in severe liver cirrhotic patients with portal-systemic shunts. METHODS: One-hundred and sixteen patients with liver cirrhosis diagnosed as Child-Pugh class B and C with portal-systemic shunts confirmed by abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled in this study. Twenty-three factors were evaluated concerning clinical laboratory parameters and extracted prognostic factors using the Cox proportional hazards model, and the prognostic index (PI) was prepared by combining these factors. RESULTS: The cumulative survival rates after admission were 64.6%, 35.6% and 25% after 1, 3 and 5 years, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, age, the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) and paraumbilical vein (PUV) shunt were selected as significant prognostic factors that contributed independently to the prognosis of severe liver cirrhotic patients with portal-systemic shunts. The PI was calculated with the following formula using these 4 factors. PI = 0.042 x Age + 0.913 x HCC + 0.989 x PVTT + 1.079 x PUV shunt. The group with a high score for PI was found to die with significantly higher frequency than the group with a low score. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that tumor related factors and PUV shunt were the most important factors for severe liver cirrhotic patients with portal-systemic shunts. The PI is suggested to be an appropriate index to predict the prognosis for these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Solitary osteochondroma of the mandibular symphysis.

Osteochondroma is a benign neoplasm that usually develops in long bones and very rarely occurs in craniofacial bones. Nearly all reported mandibular osteochondromas have arisen in the condyle and the coronoid process, and occurrence in other locations is extremely rare. We describe a case of osteochondroma arising from the inferior border of the mandibular symphysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prototype of simulation of orthognathic surgery using a virtual reality haptic device.

A maxillofacial simulator can support education and training. In the present study, cutting, separation, and quantitative rearrangement of bone during orthognathic surgery were simulated by means of a haptic device with virtual tactile perception. Computed tomographic (CT) images of two patients with severe jaw deformity, one women and one man, were input into the device. In the woman, Le Fort I osteotomy of the maxilla and sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy of the mandible were initially simulated. During surgery with the haptic device, separation and rearrangement of the maxilla and the ramus of the mandible were initially processed. However, there was discrepancy and overlapping of the ramus with the mandible. Intraoral vertical osteotomy of the right ramus was then performed, with satisfactory results and less discrepancy and interference. The simulation was referred to at surgery, and satisfactory surgical assistance was postoperatively confirmed on CT images. The male patient had severe jaw deformity due to unequal growth between the ramuses, resulting in anterior crossbite. Sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy with rotation of the mandible was successfully simulated. Because of its versatility and functions, the present device was found to be useful for simulating various procedures for orthognathic surgery and thereby three-dimensionally determine surgical movements.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Expression level of valosin-containing protein (VCP) as a prognostic marker for gingival squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Valosin-containing protein (VCP) is associated with anti-apoptotic function and metastasis via activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway. In the present study, association of VCP expression with prognosis of gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) was examined. PATIENTS AND METHODS: VCP expression in 74 patients with GSCC (34 males and 40 females) with ages ranging from 42 to 85 (median 66) years was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, in which staining intensity in tumor cells was categorized as either weaker (level 1) or equal to/stronger (level 2) than that in the endothelial cells. RESULTS: Twenty-four (32.4%) cases showed level 1 and 50 (67.6%) level 2 VCP expression. Patients with level 1 GSCC showed a significantly better 5-year survival rate than those with level 2 GSCC (5-year overall survival: 100% versus 84.9%, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed VCP expression level, lymph node metastasis and pT(TNM) to be independent factors for overall survival. Patients with GSCC at stages I and II showed favorable prognosis regardless of VCP expression status, whereas at stages III and IV, patients with level 1 VCP expression showed better survival rates than those with level 2 expression. CONCLUSION: Prognostic significance of VCP expression level in GSCC was demonstrated.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2004

Ameloblastomatous calcifying odontogenic cyst in the mandible.

Ameloblastoma is one of the well-known odontogenic tumours that can be associated with calcifying odontogenic cysts (COCs), but only a few reports include detailed clinical and radiographic features. In this paper we demonstrate a case of large ameloblastomatous COC in the mandible. The radiographic examination revealed the presence of a multilocular cystic lesion in the right posterior part of the mandible containing the impacted lower second molar with remarkable expansion toward both lingual and buccal side. This feature was different from the general findings of COC and rather resembled that of ameloblastomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Soft palate movement during sucking behavior.

To clarify the aspects and role of oropharyngeal closure, soft palate movements during sucking were observed and then assessed by electromyographic and fluoroscopic analyses. Three patterns of sucking movements by the palatoglossus and levator veli palatini muscles were analyzed with electromyographic means in seven healthy adults. Furthermore, a forced sucking maneuver, which required special effort to produce a strong sucking pressure by opening the jaw, was analyzed using lateral fluoroscopy in three of the subjects. During all tested sucking movements, the palatoglossus muscle showed continuous activity. The levator veli palatini muscle did not show remarkable activity during regular air sucking or water sucking when water was held in the oral cavity. However, its participation increased when intraoral sucking pressure was increased by opening the jaw, and lateral fluoroscopic examinations revealed that the soft palate was pulled toward the oral cavity to form a tight contact between the rostral portion of the soft palate and the retrotongue, causing the soft palate to make an "L" shape. The palatoglossus muscle plays a major role in palatal movement during sucking. Furthermore, the levator veli palatini muscle, whose activity was observed only during high-pressure sucking with an open jaw, may act to maintain tension in the soft palate against strong negative pressure in the oral cavity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Retrospective analysis of facial fractures related to falls in 260 Japanese patients].

OBJECTIVE: Numerous epidemiological studies concerning fall-related injuries have been performed in the geriatric and orthopedic field to clarify the relation between the type of fall and fracture patterns. Although falls are a common cause of facial fractures, there is no study describing these relations. This study thus investigates the relationship between the type of fall and fracture pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 260 patients with fall-related facial fractures treated between 1995 and 2000 at the First Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Japan. These patients were classified into two groups: (1) those who suffered fractures by a fall from a standing position or lower and (2) those who suffered fractures by a fall from a level higher than the standing position. RESULTS: Fractures caused by falling from a standing position or lower was more common in older patients, especially in women beyond 70 years. The localization of mandibular fractures was not significantly different between the two groups. However, a high incidence of midface fractures was observed in the patients who fell from a higher position. These patients tended to suffer from central midface or dislocated fractures. CONCLUSION: The results were consistent with recent orthopedic studies, which suggest a relation between fractures in old patients and osteoporosis. A strong force caused by falls from a high position tends to act on the high portion of the midface. Our classification based on the height of the falls was able to demonstrate clearly the relation between etiological factors and fracture patterns. Therefore, it seemed reasonable to analyze patients treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University, Germany, according to the same classification in order to compare both collectives.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2002

Effect of serotonin (5-HT) on trigeminal rhythmic activities generated in in vitro brainstem block preparations.

We used rat isolated brainstem block preparations to analyze the functional roles of serotonin receptors in the generation of trigeminal rhythmic activities. We previously reported that trigeminal rhythmic activities could be induced by some pharmacological applications in an isolated brainstem preparation with a rostral boundary at the border between the inferior and superior colliculus, and a caudal border at the level of the rostral facial nucleus. However, the same stimulation did not induce trigeminal rhythmic activities in a whole brainstem block preparation with the same rostral boundary and a caudal border at the obex level. In the present study, both the 5-HT(1A) phthalimido-butyl-piperazine, and the 5-HT(2C) agonist, 1-2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane, combined with N-methyl-D,L-aspartate and bicuculline, elicited trigeminal rhythmic activities in a whole brainstem block preparation. Our results suggest that serotonin has both facilitation and inhibition effects on the generation of trigeminal rhythmic activities in an isolated brainstem block preparation in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Retrospective analysis of 1502 patients with facial fractures.

A total of 1502 patients with facial fractures treated between 1981 and 1996 were retrospectively analysed. The male: female ratio was 2.8:1 and the largest subgroup of patients was between 10 and 29 years of age. The most common cause of injury was traffic accidents (52%) involving motorcycles, bicycles or automobiles. Other common causes included, in descending order, falls (16.6%), assaults (15.5%) and sports (9.7%). Isolated mandibular fractures were most common (56.9%), followed by isolated midface fractures (25.9%). The percentage of fractures involving both the midface and mandible was 6.7, and that of isolated alveolar fractures was 10.5.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed2001

Role of CYP2C19 in stereoselective hydroxylation of mephobarbital by human liver microsomes.

The 4-hydroxylation of mephobarbital enantiomers was investigated by using human liver microsomes from the extensive metabolizers (EM) and poor metabolizers of CYP2C19. The 4-hydroxylase activity of R-mephobarbital in the EM microsomes was >10 times higher than that of S-mephobarbital. In the poor metabolizer microsomes, the 4-hydroxylase activity of R-mephobarbital was much lower than that in the EM microsomes, and the ratio of 4-hydroxylase activity of R-mephobarbital to that of S-mephobarbital was also lower than that in the EM microsomes. Moreover, the 4-hydroxylase activity of R-mephobarbital showed a high correlation (r = 0.985, p<0.001) with the 4'-hydroxylase activity of S-mephenytoin in a panel of nine human liver microsomes. Anti-CYP2C antibody inhibited R-mephobarbital 4-hydroxylase activity by 85% of the control activity. R-Mephobarbital competitively inhibited S-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase activity (K(i) = 34 microM), while S-mephenytoin inhibited R-mephobarbital 4-hydroxylase activity (K(i) = 103 microM). Among the seven cDNA-expressed CYPs studied, only CYP2C19 catalyzed R-mephobarbital 4-hydroxylation. These findings suggest that the 4-hydroxylation of mephobarbital catalyzed by CYP2C19 is preferential for R-enantiomer in human liver microsomes.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases↗
PubMed2001

IL-12 plays a pivotal role in LFA-1-mediated T cell adhesiveness by up-regulation of CCR5 expression.

The chemokine receptor CCR5 has been implicated in the recruitment of T cells to inflammatory sites. However, the regulation of CCR5 induction on T cells and its contribution to T cell adhesiveness are poorly understood. Using a Th1 clone, 2D6, that can be maintained with interleukin (IL)-12 or IL-2 alone (designated 2D6(IL-12) or 2D6(IL-2), respectively), we investigated how CCR5 is induced on T cells and whether CCR5 is responsible for up-regulating the function of adhesion molecules. 2D6(IL-12) grew, forming cell aggregates, in culture containing IL-12. This was due to lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 interaction, because 2D6(IL-12) expressed both LFA-1 and ICAM-1 and cell aggregation was inhibited by anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody. Despite comparable levels of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 expression, 2D6(IL-2) cells did not aggregate in culture with IL-2. It is important that there was a critical difference in CCR5 expression between 2D6(IL-12) and 2D6(IL-2); the former expressed high levels of CCR5, and the latter expressed only marginal levels. Both types of cells expressed detectable albeit low levels of RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted) mRNA. Unlike IL-12 or IL-2, IL-18 induced high levels of RANTES mRNA expression without modulating CCR5 expression. Therefore, combined stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18 strikingly up-regulated 2D6 cell aggregation. Notably, LFA-1-mediated aggregation of 2D6(IL-12) cells was suppressed by anti-CCR5 antibody. These results indicate that IL-12 plays a critical role in CCR5 expression on Th1 cells and consequently contributes to CCR5-mediated activation of LFA-1 molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effect of norepinephrine receptors on trigeminal rhythm generation in newborn rats.

N-methyl-D,L-aspartate acid and bicuculline are required to enhance the trigeminal rhythmic activities in an in vitro isolated brainstem block preparation. In this study, we analyzed the effect of norepinephrine on the trigeminal neural circuit underlying rhythmic jaw movements. Rhythmic trigeminal activity is observed in brainstem preparations (inferior colliculus to obex) only following blockade of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors with idazoxan. This observation, combined with the inhibition of rhythm by alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists suggests endogenous alpha(2)-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of trigeminal networks. A complex noradrenergic modulation of trigeminal systems is further supported by the prazosin-sensitive potentiation of rhythm by bath application of the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists↗
PubMed2000

Incidence of cleft lip or palate in 303738 Japanese babies born between 1994 and 1995.

To investigate the incidence of cleft lip or palate or both (CLP) in Japan, 303738 babies born in 1532 institutions between 1994 and 1995 were examined and 437 (0.14%) were found to have abnormalities. Of these babies, 32.1% had cleft lip, 43.3% had cleft lip and palate, and 24.8% had cleft palate (Table 2). These results show that the incidence of cleft lip and palate has declined compared with the period from 1981 to 1982.

Cleft Lip↗
PubMed2000

Role of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle in forced breathing in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: Respiratory-related electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superior pharyngeal constrictor (SPC) muscle was analyzed during the early stage of forced breathing. DESIGN: Four adult dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital were used. In the first part of the study, oral and nasal breathing tubes were placed into the respective cavities, and a tracheotomy tube was placed in the second part of the study. Two conditions, the presence (oral-nasal tube breathing) and absence (tracheotomy breathing) of airflow in the upper airway, were achieved in each dog. Following quiet breathing, animals were connected to a closed breathing system, first by an oral-nasal tube and then by a tracheotomy tube. We proposed to induce a forced breathing condition mechanically by using this system for 1 minute. We increased resistance to airflow during forced breathing by means of connecting tubes and a bag. Our aim was not to produce chemical drive but to produce a forced respiration by increasing the resistance to airflow. Tidal volume, breathing frequency, minute volume, chest wall movement, and EMG activity of the SPC muscle were measured and analyzed. RESULTS: During quiet breathing through an oral-nasal or tracheotomy tube, low-amplitude EMG activity of the SPC muscle corresponding to the expiratory cycle of the respiration was observed. In both study conditions, phasic expiratory EMG activity increased immediately after the advent of the breathing from the closed system. Tidal volumes and frequencies also increased rapidly during forced breathing. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the resistance to airflow increased the activity of the SPC muscle. This augmented respiratory activity probably assists the patency of the upper airway. The augmented respiratory activity was independent of the local reflex pathways. Respiratory-related activity of the SPC muscle may help dilate and stiffen the pharyngeal airway, promoting airway patency.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed2000

Velopharyngeal closure pattern exerted by contraction of the pharyngeal constrictor muscle in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate aspects of velopharyngeal closure demonstrated by movements of the parapharyngeal wall under various physiological conditions and especially the stimulation of several intrapneumonal receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen mongrel dogs were anesthetized and a nasopharyngeal fiberscope was inserted from the oronasal fistula at the center of the hard palate, with the tip fixed around the choana. Mechanical and chemical stimulation was applied, and ongoing velopharyngeal movements were observed. In each case examined, the muscle nerve located under the bilateral levator veli palatini (LVP) was severed. RESULTS: Two different closure patterns were recognized between rebreathing and deglutition. Chemical stimulation of the pulmonary irritant receptor and type-J receptor induced a sphincteric tight closure of the velopharynx but only a weak inward movement of the lateral pharyngeal wall at lung inflation. CONCLUSION: The movements of the parapharyngeal wall, mainly represented by the pharyngeal constrictor muscle's contraction, are facilitated as a sphincteric velopharyngeal closure under reflexive movements such as deglutition or gagging.

Animals↗