Migration of a dental implant into the maxillary sinus. A case report.
This article reports a rare case of a displaced dental implant that migrated into the maxillary sinus.
Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
Biomedical subjects
M Kogo
Publications and source records attributed to M Kogo.
Temporal patterns of trigeminal respiratory activity in rat brainstem-spinal cord in vitro.
Respiratory activity in trigeminal (V) motoneurons was studied in rhythmically active en bloc brainstem-spinal cord preparations isolated from neonatal rats (P0-P3). In the majority of preparations (83%), the temporal pattern of V activity consisted of spontaneous inspiratory phasic discharge with onset delayed or coincident with onset of phrenic motoneuron discharge. Blockade of alpha-2 noradrenergic receptor activation shifted onset of V respiratory discharges earlier than phrenic discharges, while elevation of extracellular potassium concentration or blockade of GABAergic and glycinergic inhibitory synaptic transmission had little effect on temporary pattern of V respiratory discharges. We conclude V motoneurons in the in vitro preparation generate respiratory activity during inspiratory phase, and their temporal patterns are modulated by inhibitory noradrenergic synaptic transmission.
Animals↗
Localization of oral-motor rhythmogenic circuits in the isolated rat brainstem preparation.
Using an in vitro isolated brainstem preparation from neonatal rat (0-2 days), the minimal circuitry for production of rhythmical oral-motor activity was determined. In the presence of the excitatory amino acid agonist, N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA), and the GABAA antagonist, bicuculline (BIC), rhythmical oral-motor activity was recorded from the motor branch of the trigeminal nerve. In preparations where the brainstem was isolated in continuity between the rostral inferior colliculus and the obex, oral-motor activity was not observed. However, when the brainstem was serially transected in the coronal plane starting at the obex and proceeding rostrally, rhythmogenic activity emerged and became more stable until the level of the rostral facial nucleus (facial colliculus, FC) was approached. Transections more rostral than the FC produced rhythms that progressively deteriorated until the trigeminal motor nucleus (MoV) was reached, at which point all activities ceased. Surgical isolation of an ipsilateral quadrant of the brainstem encompassing the tissue between the FC and inferior colliculus, rostro-caudally, and the midline to lateral brainstem, medio-laterally, exhibited oral-motor activity as well. The remaining contralateral side of brainstem was devoid of rhythmical trigeminal activity. However, further coronal transection of the remaining brainstem at the level of the FC induced rhythmical oral-motor activity in the trigeminal nerve. The data suggest the existence of bilaterally coordinated rhythmogenic circuits in each half of brainstem between the rostral trigeminal nucleus and the rostral facial nucleus, which are tonically inhibited by brainstem circuits caudal to the facial nucleus.
Animals↗
Induction chemotherapy is associated with an increase in the incidence of locoregional recurrence in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity: results from a single institution.
BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine long term survival rates and the pattern of failure in patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity treated with induction chemotherapy or preoperative radiotherapy followed by surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 141 eligible patients with Stage II-IV International Union Against Cancer (UICC) staging system squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity at the study department between 1985 and 1994. These patients received one of three treatments: surgery with or without peplomycin chemotherapy (Group A; n = 49); preoperative radiotherapy with or without concomitant peplomycin chemotherapy followed by surgery (Group B; n = 59); and induction chemotherapy followed by surgery (Group C; n = 33). Induction chemotherapy was comprised of two cycles of cisplatin, vincristine, peplomycin, with or without mitomycin C. RESULTS: When all 141 patients were analyzed, there was no significant difference in overall survival or disease free survival. However, a statistically significant increase in the incidence of neck recurrence in Group C was observed compared with Group A (P = 0.002). Within 79 patients with N0 disease, a statistically significant disadvantage was detected for Group C in terms of disease free survival compared with Group A (P = 0.038). In patients with Stage II disease (50 patients), there was a significant difference in disease free survival, with Group C inferior to both Group A (P = 0.04) and Group B (P = 0.066). CONCLUSIONS: Induction chemotherapy was associated with a significant increase in regional failure for patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity with N0 disease and those with Stage II disease.
Adult↗
Changes of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) following push-back operation.
This study showed the influence of the push-back operation on the occurrence of sleep-related apnea in cleft-palate patients with an analysis of arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) during sleep, polygraphic analysis of nasal air flow, and chest wall movements. The postoperative SpO2 was lower than that of the presurgical period in all cases, requiring from five to nine days to recover to presurgical levels. According to polygraphic analysis this depression of SpO2 was caused by peripheral obstructive apnea, while, in spite of the cessation of nasal airflow, chest wall movement continued.
Airway Obstruction↗
Examination of the relationships between jaw opener and closer rhythmical muscle activity in an in vitro brainstem jaw-attached preparation.
An in vitro jaw-attached brainstem preparation was developed to investigate the relationship between jaw opener and closer muscle activity during chemically induced rhythmical jaw movements in neonatal rats. In the majority of preparations examined, where a defined region of brainstem was isolated and the neuronal innervation of the jaw opener and closer muscles was left intact, bath application of the excitatory amino acid agonist N-methyl-D,L-aspartate (NMA, 20-40 microM) in combination with bicuculline (BIC 10 microM), a GABA(A) antagonist, produced rhythmical electromyogram (EMG) activity in jaw opener and closer muscles, bilaterally, in conjunction with rhythmical jaw movements. Low concentrations of NMA (20 microM) in combination with BIC produced temporally coordinated activity between the jaw opener and closer muscles, ipsilaterally. With higher doses of NMA (40 microM), each muscle group exhibited bursting, but temporal coordination between them was difficult to establish. Similarly, NMA application in combination with the glycine antagonist strychnine (STR, 10 microM), also produced rhythmical EMG activity from both opener and closer muscles, ipsilaterally, but showed no temporal coordination between the antagonist muscle pair. However, coordination of opener and closer muscle discharge could be restored by the addition of BIC to the bath. We suggest that there exist separate, but coordinated, rhythm generator circuits for opener and closer motoneuronal discharge located in close proximity to the trigeminal motor nucleus and under GABAergic control for production of temporal coordination between rhythmogenic circuits.
Animals↗
Contraction properties of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
OBJECTIVE: The mechanical contraction property of the superior pharyngeal constrictor (PC) muscle was analyzed and compared with the levator veli palatini (LVP) muscle. DESIGN: Twenty adult dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital were used. RESULTS: The isometric contraction curves of LVP and PC were recorded after direct electric stimulation to each muscle. The contraction time of isometric twitch contraction of the superior PC muscles was 30.3+/-5.25 msec, and the half relaxation time was 22.97+/-5.44 msec. The summation curve was observed at a stimulus frequency above 20 Hz of a repetitive pulse stimulus frequency of 85 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanical contraction properties of the PC muscle are similar to those of the LVP, but with more aspects that are characteristic of a fast twitch muscle.
Animals↗
Measurement of velopharyngeal movements induced by isolated stimulation of levator veli palatini and pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
The levator veli palatini (LVP) and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles (PC) close the velopharynx. However, for the velopharyngeal movements to be understood in detail, each muscle contraction must be analyzed precisely. This study was performed to clarify the velopharyngeal movement which was induced by a single muscle contraction, LVP or PC. Using a nasopharyngeal fiberscope, we analyzed the velopharyngeal movement associated with the contraction of the LVP and PC muscles in mongrel dogs. To elicit the maximal contraction of each muscle, we applied repetitive electrical stimulation to each peripheral nerve efferent to the LVP or PC muscle. Stimulation with a frequency of 77 Hz and 83 Hz induced maximal tension in the LVP and PC muscles, respectively, in isometric contraction. In a second series of experiments, fiberscopic views of the velopharyngeal movements associated with each muscle's maximal contraction were recorded. The degree of closure was calculated at several sections. The LVP muscle pulled the caudal fourth of the soft palate, while the PC projected the posterior wall at the level of the caudal end of the soft palate. The PC muscle also projected the lateral wall of the velopharynx. The effect of LVP contraction on the lateral wall was very small. These results show that the velopharyngeal movement associated with LVP contraction is very different from that with PC contraction.
Animals↗
Activities of superior pharyngeal constrictor and levator veli palatini muscles related to respiration in dogs.
OBJECTIVE: This study, using mongrel dogs, attempted to delineate the respiratory activity of two closure muscles of the velopharynx, the levator veli palatini (LVP) and superior pharyngeal constrictor (PC) muscles. METHOD: Fifteen mongrel dogs were given tracheotomies, with intratracheal tubes being connected to their respiratory circuits. Activities of the PC and LVP muscles were recorded electromyographically, and the effects of PaO2 and PaCO2 were analyzed along with the effects of lung inflation intratracheally with O2 and N2. RESULTS: Under hypoxic conditions, expiratory LVP activity was observed while PC activity diminished. The effects of lung inflation on both LVP and PC activities were also studied. The activities of both muscles were enhanced by lung inflation. CONCLUSION: It was thus suggested that the roles of both muscles during velopharyngeal closing movements are not the same.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Breast feeding for cleft lip and palate patients, using the Hotz-type plate.
OBJECTIVE: Oral-cavity feeding movements were analyzed during sucking and used to modify a Hotz-type plate to facilitate sucking in infants with cleft lip and palate. DESIGN: Sucking movements were analyzed using lateral view cine radiography as three adults fed from a bottle. A Hotz-type plate was then modified to better isolate the oral cavity and to occlude the oral airway. The plate was then utilized in direct breast feeding by 10 babies. OUTCOME MEASURES: Sucking rate, amount of milk taken, and duration of use of the plate were assessed. RESULTS: Wearing this plate, four babies with cleft lip and palate could suck their mother's breast, drinking about 22 g/trial. CONCLUSIONS: Although supplemental bottle feeding was required to provide enough nourishment, this is the first step to reaching ideal breast feeding situation for these patients.
Adult↗
Observation of velopharyngeal closure patterns following isolated stimulation of levator veli palatini and pharyngeal constrictor muscles.
This study, using mongrel dogs, showed the individual movements caused by the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) and pharyngeal constrictor (PC) contraction, induced by electrical stimulation to each peripheral motor nerve. Each bilateral peripheral motor nerve of the LVP and PC muscles was isolated and stimulated electrically to induce the individual contraction of bilateral LVP and PC muscles. The movements were visualized by use of a fiberscope. Vertical movement of the middle soft palate was observed mainly at LVP contraction. Circular closure in the posterior region of the velopharynx was induced by contraction of the PC muscle. The posterior and lateral wall movements clearly occurred following PC contraction.
Animals↗
Coordination between palatal and laryngeal muscle activities in response to rebreathing and lung inflation.
The soft palate and larynx play an important role in respiration and phonation, regulating the airflow in the upper airway. The levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) is the principal muscle responsible for generating palatal movements. The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (LCA) is a laryngeal adductor muscle, and the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) is a laryngeal abductor muscle. This study was designed to define, by electromyographic techniques, the coordination between palatal and laryngeal muscle activities in response to rebreathing and lung inflation. We performed tracheotomies on 12 mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and compared the effects of rebreathing and lung inflation on LVP activities with those on LCA and PCA activities. During rebreathing, expiratory LVP and inspiratory PCA activities were progressively augmented, but expiratory LCA activity was inhibited. On the other hand, lung inflation caused augmentation of LVP and LCA activities. In contrast, lung inflation inhibited PCA activity. We thus concluded that LVP activity coordinates with PCA activity in response to alternation of Paco2 and Pao2 levels, while it coordinates with LCA activity in response to lung inflation.
Animals↗
Rhythmical oral-motor activity recorded in an in vitro brainstem preparation.
The present study employed the neonatal rat isolated brainstem preparation to determine whether oral-motor rhythmical activity, a substrate for the complex behaviors of suckling and chewing, could be elicited in vitro by path application of excitatory amino acids (EAAs). Bath application of EAA agonists (kainate [KA], [+/-]-a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid [AMPA], N-methyl-D, L-aspartate [NMA]), in conjunction with the gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist bicuculline, either failed to induce rhythmic activity (n = 17 preparations) or induced a low-amplitude, low-frequency burst discharge (< 1 Hz, n = 10 preparations) from the motor branches of the trigeminal nerves when the brainstem was contiguous from the spinomedullary junction to the superior colliculus. Burst activity was in most cases bilaterally synchronous. However, when a discrete coronal transection was made at the level of the facial colliculus, between the trigeminal and facial motor nuclei, the rhythmic bursts produced by the resultant 3- to 5-mm block of tissue following bath application of EAA agonists increased in amplitude and frequency (4-8 Hz, n = 35). Application of 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2, 3-dione (CNQX), a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist, blocked the rhythm induced by non-NMDA receptor agonist (n = 4) but was less effective in suppressing NMA-induced rhythmicity. In contrast, D, L-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) blocked by both NMA-induced (n = 5) and, in most cases, KA-induced (n = 5) rhythmicity, suggesting an essential role for NMA receptors in production of EAA-induced rhythmical oral-motor activity in the neonatal rat. The present data demonstrate that a narrow, bilaterally distributed region of brainstem surrounding the trigeminal motor nucleus contains sufficient neuronal circuitry for the production of oral-motor rhythmogenesis.
Animals↗
Effect of lung inflation on levator veli palatini muscle activity.
Palatal movements play a critical role in regulating oropharyngeal airflow during breathing. We hypothesized that these movements are coordinated with breathing movements via afferent signals from the lung. However, the control of palatal movements in relation to the lung remains unclear. This study was designed to define, by electromyographic techniques, the relationship between palatal movement and lung action during respiration. We performed tracheotomies on 12 mongrel dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and found that lung inflation augmented the activity of the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP). Two kinds of discharges were recognized during the expiratory pause following lung inflation. One was a continuous, low-amplitude discharge induced during apnea following lung inflation. The other was a transient, high-amplitude discharge which appeared immediately after lung inflation. Both of these response activities were eliminated by bilateral vagotomy. We thus concluded that palatal movements, which can regulate expiratory airflow resistance and cause switching from nasal to oral airflow, are under the control of vagal afferent signals from the lung.
Airway Resistance↗
Amputation neuroma following radical neck dissection--report of 3 cases.
Amputation neuroma occurred in three cases among 111 cases of oral cancer patients after radical neck dissection. All of three cases appeared as a small nodule at superior neck around the carotid artery with accompanying tenderness. The lesions were located in continuity with the proximal end of nerve at excision. Although the incidence of amputation neuroma is low, critical examination is required to distinguish this from recurrent tumor after cancer surgery.
Adult↗
Respiratory activities in relation to external glossal muscles.
In this study, the activities of the two external glossal muscles, Genioglossus (Gg) and Styloglossus (Sg), related to respiration were examined through the electromyography (EMG) in dog. During quiet breathing, no phasic respiratory activity were observed in either muscle. With hypercapnic condition induced by closed rebreathing respiratory system, both Sg and Gg showed phasic respiratory activities in respiration period. At first inspiratory EMG activity was observed from Sg (PaCO2 > 50 mmHg), then after a while from Gg (PaCO2 > 55 mmHg). NaCN injection bilaterally to the carotid body enhances the inspiratory ENG activities in both muscles. Sg was more sensitive than Gg to respiratory stimulation such as hypercapnia or NaCN injection.
Animals↗
Respiratory activities in relation to palatal muscle contraction.
This study investigated the activities of the tensor and levator veli palatini muscles related to respiration. During quiet breathing, no activity was observed in either muscle. With either hypercapnic or hypoxemic condition, the tensor veli palatini muscle exhibited phasic activity during inspiration. The levator veli palatini muscle showed phasic activity during expiration with hypoxemia (PaO2 less than 40 mm Hg). NaCN perfused bilaterally through the carotid sinus induced these respiratory activities. The tensor veli palatini muscle was more sensitive than the levator veli palatini muscle to NaCN.
Animals↗
Intramuscular hemangioma in the digastric muscle.
Intramuscular hemangioma is a distinctly rare neoplasm originating within normal muscle. In the head and neck region, it occurs most frequently in the masseter muscle. Diagnosis of intramuscular hemangioma is extremely difficult because it is not encountered frequently and is often confused with salivary gland stone, parotid neoplasm or other tumors. In this report, a second case of intramuscular hemangioma of the digastric muscle and the diagnosis of this type of tumor in the early stage and the importance of its treatment are described.
Female↗