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Biomedical subjects

M L Kaeberle

Publications and source records attributed to M L Kaeberle.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cross-reactions of bovine herpesvirus 1 antigens with those of other cattle herpesviruses.

Bovine embryonic kidney cells were infected with bovine herpesviruses (BHV1, 2, or 3), suid herpesvirus 1 (SHV1), or were sham-inoculated. When cytopathic effect was apparent, the cells were solubilized using Triton X-100 detergent. Resulting antigen preparations were tested by 2-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis using bovine fetal serum and antisera directed against BHV1, BHV2, BHV3, SHV1 or a restricted spectrum of BHV1 antigens. Interaction of BHV1 antiserum with BHV1 antigen preparations resulted in 11 precipitation arcs. The same antiserum produced 3 arcs with BHV2, none with BHV3, and 5 with SHV1. The interaction of BHV1 antigen preparations with BHV2, BHV3, or SHV1 antisera failed to produce demonstrable arcs. However, when heterologous antigen or antibody preparations were added to BHV1 homologous 2-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis tests, all 11 BVH1 arcs were modified by BHV1, 2 by BHV2, 4 by BHV3 and 4 by SHV1 preparations. Two antigens were common to the 4 herpesviruses. Antigen preparations were tested for their ability to inhibit virus neutralization by BHV1 antiserum; only the BHV1 preparation was active. Sera were tested for BHV1 neutralizing activity; only BHV1 antiserum and a serum specific for a restricted spectrum of BHV1 antigens were active. A glycoprotein antigen associated with BHV1 neutralization was identified which may be important in the protection of animals against disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of type A Pasteurella multocida fractions on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions.

The effect of various Pasteurella multocida fractions on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions was examined in vitro by using two encapsulated strains, P-2383 and P-1062 (both are Carter capsular type A and of bovine origin). The ability of PMNs to ingest Staphylococcus aureus and iodinate protein was significantly inhibited in the presence of live cells, heat-killed whole cells, or saline-extracted capsules but not in the presence of the decapsulated heat-killed cells. None of the fractions of the two strains inhibited nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by PMNs. The saline extract did not inhibit the binding of iodine to protein by a reaction involving xanthine, xanthine oxidase, and horseradish peroxidase. The PMN inhibitory factor was further characterized as a heat-stable capsular material of greater than 300,000 molecular weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Effect of levamisole on lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in dexamethasone-treated cattle.

Levamisole was evaluated at 6 dose levels for its ability to prevent the dexamethasone-induced suppression of in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis or neutrophil function in cattle. Dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg of body weight, IM) and levamisole hydrochloride (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg/kg orally) were administered to groups of 4 cattle daily for 3 days. Another group of 4 cattle were given the 3-day dexamethasone treatment and 6.0 mg/kg of levamisole (the recommended anthelmintic dose) was given only once on the 1st day that dexamethasone was given. Results obtained from the dexamethasone-levamisole-treated cattle were compared with results obtained from cattle that were given only dexamethasone. Levamisole had no apparent consistent ability to enhance lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness (to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen or in a 1-way mixed lymphocyte reaction) or to enhance neutrophil function (random migration, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, iodination, or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) in dexamethasone-treated cattle.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Use of an immunoperoxidase stain for the demonstration of bovine viral diarrhea virus by light and electron microscopies.

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus-specific antiserum eluted from an immunoabsorbent column was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The immunoperoxidase (IP) conjugate was used to stain BVD virus-inoculated and control tissue cultures processed for light and electron microscopies. Infected cells (in the inoculated cultures) viewed by light microscopy had diffuse staining of the cytoplasm of nonvacuolated cells and a more predominant staining associated with vacuoles as vacuolation occurred. The peroxidase label as demonstrated by electron microscopy was associated primarily with nonenveloped and membrane-associated viral particles. Viral particles 20 to greater than 100 nm (diam) were observed. Some of the particles which were greater than 30 mm in diameter contained multiple nuclear cores. The most intensely stained viral particles were outside of the cells.

Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral↗
PubMed1984

Effect of steroids on immunologic function.

There is need to recognize that steroids are not only drugs, but also are endogenous hormones that have important regulatory functions. When administered as drugs, the steroids can have profound effects upon immunologic function. The protean nature of these effects reflects the complexity of the immune system with positive and negative regulation of immunologic reactivity. Predictive effects will only be possible when there is complete understanding of the mechanistic basis for immune responses and the cell-specific actions of steroids.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Equine cell-mediated immune response to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi.

A lymphocyte blastogenic assay was developed to serve as an in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi (R equi) in the equine species. Lymphocytes obtained from a group of experimental ponies showed no response in cell culture to R equi heat extract or lysozyme extract antigens. Ponies were assigned to groups for experimental inoculation. Three ponies were inoculated subcutaneously with live R equi, 3 were given live R equi by intranasal and intratracheal routes, and 4 ponies were left untreated. Lymphocytes from all inoculated ponies had a mitogenic response to R equi antigens in lymphocyte blastogenic assays performed between the 7th and 40th days after inoculation. Lymphocytes from noninoculated control ponies remained unresponsive to R equi antigens. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions developed in all experimentally exposed ponies after intradermal administration of the R equi antigen preparations. In a 2nd phase of experimentation, blastogenesis assays were performed on lymphocytes from horses in herds with endemic R equi infections. Results indicated that many of the animals had significant (stimulation index greater than 2) cell-mediated responses to the bacterium, but there was no distinct correlation between the immune response and clinical history. These data indicated that cell-mediated immunity is involved in the interaction of the equine immune system with R equi.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Equine humoral immune response to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to test equine serum for the presence of antibodies to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. Experimental ponies had no detectable antibody to R equi before exposure to the bacterium. After experimental inoculation, animals in groups that received live R equi subcutaneously or intranasally/intratracheally developed high titers to R equi. Noninoculated controls remained seronegative. Serum was also collected from horses of various ages that were naturally exposed to R equi. There was a wide range of anti-R equi titers in these horses. Because experimentally infected horses seroconverted when some naturally infected foals did not seroconvert, the function of antibody in resistance to R equi infection remains unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Improvement in clinical condition and thymus morphologic features associated with growth hormone treatment of immunodeficient dwarf dogs.

Immunodeficient dwarfism in Weimaraner dogs was characterized by failure to grow, emaciation, growth hormone (GH) deficiency, decreased lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens, lack of thymus cortex, and recurrent infections usually resulting in death. Affected pups did not respond to conventional supportive therapy, but did respond to treatment with thymosin fraction 5. Response to therapy with bovine GH was monitored by clinical observation, histopathologic examination of thymic biopsy material, lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to nonspecific mitogens, and radioimmunoassay of thymosin alpha 1 concentration in the serum. Growth hormone therapy (0.1 mg/kg of body weight/dose, 14 doses) during a 1-month period in 2 immunodeficient dwarf pups resulted in clinical improvement and a marked increase in the thickness and cellularity of the cortex of the thymus. Immunodeficient dwarf pups were not deficient in serum thymosin alpha 1 before GH therapy. Growth hormone therapy was not associated with a consistent increase in serum thymosin alpha 1 concentration or lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Suppression of neutrophil and lymphocyte function induced by a vaccinal strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus with and without the administration of ACTH.

Effects of a modified live vaccine (MLV) strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD) on lymphocyte and neutrophil function were determined in cattle with and without increased plasma cortisol (hydrocortisone) concentrations. Cattle were given MLV-BVD vaccine IM and intranasally. Cattle given ACTH received 200 IU every 12 hours for 10 doses. The MLV-BVD virus when administered alone caused no apparent clinical signs or body temperature response. Of 4 MLV-BVD-treated calves that were also given ACTH, 2 developed increased body temperature and respiratory distress. The MLV-BVD virus caused a decrease in circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils, whereas administration of ACTH and MLV-BVD induced a neutrophilia and lymphopenia. The MLV-BVD virus and ACTH when administered separately or in combination caused a depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to selected mitogens. Neutrophils were separated from the peripheral blood and their function was evaluated, using the following procedures: (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) ingestion of 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (iv) iodination, and (v) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The MLV-BVD virus produced a significant (P less than 0.05) suppression of neutrophil iodination and ADCC. Neutrophils from cattle given MLV-BVD virus and ACTH had enhanced random migration, enhanced S aureus ingestion, suppressed iodination, and suppressed ADCC activity.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Association of increased estradiol and progesterone blood values with altered bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol (hydrocortisone) were monitored concurrently in clinically normal cows during the estrous cycle. Five parameters were used to evaluate PMN function: (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) ingestion of 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction, (iv) iodination, and (v) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Increased serum estradiol concentrations were associated with enhanced random migration, but had no apparent effect on NBT reduction, iodination, or ingestion of S aureus by bovine PMN. Increased serum estradiol was also associated with increased serum cortisol. Increased serum progesterone values were associated with a depression of NBT reduction and iodination by PMN, but with enhanced random migration and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results indicate that physiologic changes in steroid hormone values during the normal estrous cycle of the cow are associated with alterations in PMN function.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effect of estradiol and progesterone on lymphocyte and neutrophil functions in steers.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to mitogens were evaluated in castrated male cattle after the repeated administration of estradiol or progesterone. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was evaluated with the following five parameters: (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) ingestion of 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (iii) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (iv) iodination, and (v) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The administration of high dosages of estradiol cypionate produced no measurable effect on the total or differential leukocyte count, neutrophil function, lymphocyte blastogenesis, or blood cortisol levels. The administration of high dosages of progesterone caused a significant enhancement of random migration by neutrophils and a depression of the activity of the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide antibacterial system (iodination) of the neutrophil. Progesterone administration did not cause a measurable effect on the lymphocyte blastogenic response to mitogens or the ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to ingest S. aureus, reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, or mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Progesterone did not cause a change in blood cortisol concentrations; therefore, the observed effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function were not due to alterations in blood cortisol concentrations. Impairment of the iodination reaction indicates that high dosages of progesterone interfere with an important bactericidal mechanism of the neutrophil.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of ACTH administration on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and lymphocyte blastogenesis.

Yearling steers were treated with ACTH to determine the effect of increased plasma cortisol concentration on bovine lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function. The administration of ACTH caused a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in serum cortisol concentration and depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The response to pokeweed mitogen was also depressed, but not significantly. Random migration by PMN was significantly enhanced by ACTH treatment, but there was no effect on ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by PMN. The iodination reaction, which evaluates the activity of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide antibacterial system of the PMN, was significantly impaired after ACTH treatment. These data indicate that specific parameters of lymphocyte and neutrophil function were impaired directly or indirectly by elevated in vivo concentrations of plasma cortisol.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1981

Isolation of neutrophils and eosinophils from the peripheral blood of cattle and comparison of their functional activities.

A procedure for isolating purified populations of neutrophils and eosinophils from bovine peripheral blood is described. The procedure involves the centrifugation of anti-coagulated whole bovine blood, flash lysis of the packed red blood cells and separation of the eosinophils from the neutrophils by centrifugation on a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The following parameters were evaluated on populations of greater than 90% pure eosinophils and neutrophils: (1) random migration under agarose, (2) ingestion of 125I-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, (3) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (4) iodination, or the conversion of 125I to a trichloroacetic acid precipitable form, (5) antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and (6) the amount of intracellular peroxidase. Neutrophils were significantly more active than eosinophils in the ingestion of S. aureus and in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Eosinophils were much more active than neutrophils in the resting and stimulated iodination test and they contained higher levels of peroxidase. There was no difference between the two cell types in their ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium or migrate under agarose. The effect of Ficoll-Hypaque on granulocyte function was determined. Previous contact with Ficoll-Hypaque significantly reduced random migration but other function tests were unaffected.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of cattle. Five in vitro procedures were utilized to evaluate PMN function: 1) Random migration under agarose, 2) Ingestion of 125I-iododeoxyuridine labeled Staphylococcus aureus, 3) Quantitative nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, 4) Chemiluminescence and 5) Iodination. Normal values for bovine PMNs are reported and interpretation of results is discussed. The PMN function tests were designed so that all 5 procedures may be performed in a short period of time on the same cell preparation. This allows for the detection and partial characterization of a potential PMN dysfunction.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of in vivo dexamethasone administration on in vitro bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was evaluated in vitro after in vivo administration of a single dose of dexamethasone to cattle. Purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes from dexamethasone-treated cattle displayed enhanced random migration under agarose but impaired ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction, chemiluminescence, iodination, and antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The depression of iodination may have been related to a drop in the proportion of eosinophils present in the polymorphonuclear leukocyte preparations after dexamethasone administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Effects of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function.

Four procedures were used to evaluate the function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) isolated from the blood of cattle experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus: (1) uptake of am emulsion of paraffin oil and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, (2) nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, (3) chemiluminescence, and (4) iodination, or the conversion of iodide to a trichloroacetic acid-precipitable form. A marked impairment of iodination was consistently observed after infection with either a cytopathogenic or a noncytopathogenic strain of BVD virus. A corresponding decrease in paraffin oil uptake, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, and chemiluminescence was not observed. Serum from BVD virus-infected animals did not depress iodination by normal control PMN in vitro. The iodination, procedure evaluates the activity of the myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, halide system. This system has potent bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal effects. The data indicate that oxidative metabolism by PMN from BVD virus-infected cattle is normal, but that the myeloperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, halide antibacterial system is impaired. This could be explained by an inhibition of degranulation in PMN from infected cattle. The observed defect in iodination by PMN after BVD virus infection was compounded by a decrease in the number of circulating PMN. The impairment of PMN function may partially explain the increased susceptibility of cattle to secondary bacterial infection during infection with BVD virus.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Detection of bacteremia in cattle inoculated with bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection of cattle interfered with normal blood clearance mechanisms, as evidenced by the detection of an endogenous bacteremia in up to 85% of infected calves during the first 5 days after infection. The occurrence of detectable bacteremia correlated with the period of leukopenia and depression of lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Noninoculated control animals, reinoculated immune calves, or calves inoculated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus yielded consistently negative cultures. Bacillus spp were isolated in almost all calves. Similar organisms were isolated from the blood of normal calves when medium containing sodium poly-anetholesulfonate was used for culture. It was concluded that bovine viral diarrhea virus infection depressed the normal defense mechanisms, presumably humoral factors or phagocytic function, resulting in uninhibited blood circulation of bacteria during infection.

Animals↗