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Biomedical subjects

M Lal

Publications and source records attributed to M Lal.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Management of urinary calculi associated with renal failure.

Three hundred and sixty patients of urinary calculi associated with renal failure were included in this prospective study. The male to female ratio was 4.1:1 while adult to paediatric ratio was 6.5:1. One hundred and eighteen (32.8%) patients presented with calculus anuria while 242 (67.2%) were admitted with symptoms of chronic renal failure. Serum creatinine at the time of first admission ranged from 3-35 mg/100 ml. In the initial management, percutaneous needle nephrostomy was done in 217 cases, dialysis in 106, dialysis and PCN in 22 and retrograde catheterisation followed by JJ stent in 15. Definitive surgical procedures were undertaken in 277 cases; 29 passed stones spontaneously after PCN. At two year follow-up 72% patients of calculus anuria and 49.5% of calculus renal failure improved their renal function and remained with serum creatinine below 2 mg/100 ml. There was 13.6% mortality in calculus anuria group and 17.4% in calculus renal failure. Overall loss to follow-up was 7.6% and 12% in the two groups respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Poliomyelitis in Malaysia: two confirmed cases after 6 years without polio.

Poliomyelitis in Malaysia has not been reported since 1986. We report two cases of poliomyelitis in non-immunized children whose parents, though relatively educated, opted not to vaccinate their children for socio-cultural reasons. This recent trend may interfere with our attempts to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. The clinical features, pathophysiology and differential diagnosis are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of peritoneovenous shunt in refractory cirrhotic ascites in Indian patients.

Ten patients with tense and refractory cirrhotic ascites underwent a modified peritoneovenous shunt procedure. Nine patients responded with complete resolution of ascites, mean weight gain of 5 (range 0-8) Kg, and rise in serum albumin level of 0.6 g/dL. Six patients improved from Child's class B to A. The longest survival period was 2.3 years. The main constraint in a developing country is the high cost of the shunt.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1991

Studies of blood lead levels in children by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE).

Blood lead levels of children admitted to Sion Hospital, Bombay (India), from the adjoining Dharavi slum areas have been determined by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Blood samples were collected from 36 children with suspected lead poisoning and from 20 control children. The analysis showed that the lead concentration of the patients varied from 0.1 to 6.0 micrograms ml-1. In addition to lead, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Br and Rb were also detected simultaneously, of which the concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Pb were determined. The high blood lead levels of the children from this area may be ascribed to environmental pollution due to heavy vehicular traffic and industrial sources.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1990

IgA nephropathy in Pakistan.

A light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy study was performed on 102 consecutive patients on whom suitable percutaneous renal biopsies were obtained. In this selected group of patients primary IgA glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in 6 (5.9%) cases. On light microscopy the glomerular lesions were predominantly focal (WHO class III) and diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (Class IV). The mesangial deposits showed high association with IgM deposits and presence of early complement components (C1q, C4) indicative of both classical and alternative pathways of C3 activation in our patients. The high incidence of nephrotic syndrome with microhaematuria (5 cases) is due to patient selection when compared to other studies. This study shows the existence of IgA nephropathy in Pakistan and larger number of cases need to be investigated to determine the true prevalence of this disease and its clinical manifestations and importance in Pakistan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Trace element profiles in oesophageal neoplasms determined by proton-induced X-ray emission.

Trace element concentrations were determined in surgically resected, cancerous human oesophageal tissue by proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis. Each sample was divided into six zones, E3 and E4 formed the central tumour region, E1 and E2 were proximal to the oesophagus and E5 and E6 distal to the oesophagus. Malignancy was confirmed histopathologically in all cases. Samples were dissolved in NaOH solution and pipetted onto a thin mylar film for analysis by a proton beam from a Van de Graaff accelerator. Titanium, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Br and Pb were detected in varying concentrations. Of these, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn and As showed specific behaviour in the six zones.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Rate constants for the reactions of halogenated organic radicals.

Absolute rate constants have been measured by means of pulse radiolysis for the reactions of various halogenated aliphatic compounds (ethane derivatives, including the anaesthetics halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and methoxyflurane) with hydrated electrons and .OH radicals, the reactions of halogenated carbon-centered radicals, derived thereby, with molecular oxygen, and the reactions of halogenated peroxyl radicals with various antioxidants (ascorbate, chlorpromazine, promethazine, propyl gallate, ABTS) in aqueous solutions. All oxygen addition reactions occur essentially diffusion-controlled. This finding is correlated with the stereoelectronic properties of the primary carbon-centred radicals. The oxidative power of the halogenated peroxyl radicals reflects the inductive -I effect of the halogens and accordingly increases with the degree of halogen substitution, with fluorine substituents being particularly effective. The peroxyl radicals derived from freon 113, namely CClF2CClFOO. and CCl2FCF2OO., have been identified as the best oxidants among these species.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1986

Free radical induced degradation of 1,2-dibromoethane. Generation of free Br. atoms.

Free Br. atoms have been found to be generated upon eaq- and .OH radical induced degradation of 1,2-dibromoethane in aqueous solution. The relevant process is beta-bromine cleavage from CH2BrCH2 and CH2BrCHBr radicals, respectively. An absolute rate constant of k = 2.8 x 10(6) s-1 has been determined for the reaction CH2BrCH2----Br. + CH2 = CH2, while an estimate of k approximately 10(6) s-1 can be given for CH2BrCHBr----Br. + CH2 = CHBr. The Br. atoms have been identified through their reaction with Br- to Br2-. (k = 7.7 x 10(9) mol-1dm3s-1) and their reaction with 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (k = 6.8 x 10(9) mol-1dm3s-1). Ethylene and vinyl bromide have been identified via GC. The results substantiate earlier findings that free radical induced mechanisms can serve as informative probe for metabolic processes.

Bromine↗
PubMed1982

Hemodialysis therapy for psoriasis.

Twenty-five patients with extensive plaque psoriasis resistant to conventional treatment were evaluated for study of the effects of dialytic therapy on the skin lesions. Twenty patients were dialyzed twice a week for six hours each time with a 1.0 m2 Cuprophan membrane dialyzer. Eighteen patients responded to this therapy with regression of skin lesions. Twelve of them have not developed recurrence of lesions during a followup period extending from 6 to 27 months. A few new lesions were observed after two to six months in four patients, but the lesions were not severe enough to justify reinstitution of dialysis. Two patients developed relapse within two months after cessation of dialytic therapy. One of them was started on dialysis a second time and this was followed by remission of lesions. Five patients were taken as controls and were treated with other modes of therapy including sham dialysis, ultrafiltration without dialysis, or systemic heparinization before they were taken on the dialysis program. Whereas sham dialysis and systemic heparinization had no effect on the skin lesions which responded later to dialytic therapy, the ultrafiltration procedure was followed by partial regression of psoriasis. Dialysis appears to have a definite role in the treatment of psoriasis.

Adolescent↗