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Biomedical subjects

M Lendon

Publications and source records attributed to M Lendon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Histology of the upper pole in complete urinary duplication--does it affect surgical management?

OBJECTIVE: To review the histological change in the upper pole of excised duplex kidneys and assess whether ante-natal diagnosis might predispose to more conservative surgical management of this abnormality. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients undergoing upper pole hemi-nephroureterectomy for ectopic ureter or ectopic ureterocele between 1980 and 1992 had their histology reviewed and assessed for dysplastic, inflammatory and obstructive change. RESULTS: Segmental scarring and chronic and acute inflammatory change occurred consistently and the degree of inflammation seemed unaffected by antenatal diagnosis. Dysplasia was seen in 70% of patients with ureterocele and in only 30% of those with ectopic ureter. One patient had normal histology. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence of reversible histological change in patients with ectopic ureter and ectopic ureterocele who were diagnosed ante-natally. Preservation of the upper pole of the kidney does not seem justified in the light of the histological evidence.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1996

Childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome: does the histology matter?

Renal biopsy specimens from 51 children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome who were following a frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent course were reviewed by two histopathologists. In all cases the biopsy was performed prior to the commencement of an 8-week course of cyclophosphamide. The clinical courses of these patients both prebiopsy and for a minimum of 2 years after completion of cyclophosphamide therapy were analyzed using retrospective case note analyses. The distribution of histologic diagnoses differed significantly from that reported by the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children in their study of children who underwent biopsy at the time of presentation, there being an excess of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and mild mesangial hypercellularity in this series. The prebiopsy clinical course did not predict for histologic diagnosis, and there was no correlation between prebiopsy course or histology and postcyclophosphamide course. The findings of this study support the clinical impression that steroid sensitivity rather than histology is the major determinant of prognosis in childhood nephrotic syndrome and that frequency of relapse alone is not an indication for biopsy.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1995

Simultaneous choriocarcinoma in mother and newborn infant.

A male infant, born following an uncomplicated pregnancy, was severely anaemic at birth following significant foeto-maternal haemorrhage. At three weeks of age a tumour was found in the liver with evidence of metastatic disease in the lungs. The infant died before treatment could be started. Postmortem revealed choriocarcinoma which led to subsequent diagnosis in the mother who also had pulmonary metastases. The mother has been successfully treated. The case is described in detail and followed by a discussion and a literature review of reported cases of simultaneous choriocarcinoma in infant and mother.

Choriocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Oligohydramnios sequence: the spectrum of renal malformations.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of the autopsy findings on a series of infants dying with features of the oligohydramnios sequence, with particular reference to anomalies of the renal tract. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Pathology departments serving three maternity units in Manchester. SUBJECTS: Eighty-nine infants having an autopsy examination between 1976 and 1990. RESULTS: Thirty-two (34%) infants had bilateral renal agenesis, 30 (34%) had bilateral cystic dysplasia, eight (9%) had unilateral agenesis with unilateral cystic dysplasia, four (4%) had renal histology characteristic of a recessively inherited disorder (two cases of renal tubular dysgenesis and two cases of autosomal recessive (infantile) polycystic disease), nine (10%) had minor urinary tract anomalies, and three (3%) had morphologically normal renal tracts. Forty-eight (54%) infants had congenital abnormalities other than those resulting from oligohydramnios sequence; most commonly, these were anomalies of the sporadic VATER association, but in four infants the extra renal anomalies present allowed recognition of a recessively inherited syndrome (Meckel's in three cases, Smith-Lemli-Opitz in one). CONCLUSIONS: A detailed autopsy is vital in assessment of infants with oligohydramnios sequence resulting from a congenital abnormality of the kidneys or urinary tract. This applies equally to second trimester fetuses following miscarriage or therapeutic abortion, to stillborn infants, or to neonatal deaths.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver masquerading as a metastasis in a child treated for nephroblastoma.

A 3 1/2-year-old boy presented with a palpable hepatic tumor thought on clinical and radiological grounds to be a metastasis but which was found to be an inflammatory pseudotumor on histological examination. Eighteen months previously he had received chemotherapy and radiotherapy for a stage IV Wilms' tumor, which had been surgically excised 4 months after commencing treatment. This case illustrates the importance of obtaining a histological diagnosis in the management of patients with malignant tumors.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Pseudo-Gaucher cells.

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, associated with cells resembling Gaucher cells in the bone marrow, is reported. The patient had no evidence of inherited Gaucher's disease and the ultrastructural appearance of the cells was consistent with pseudo-Gaucher cells described in other haematological diseases. This is the first report of these cells in association with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1991

Male fertility in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

To study long-term testicular function following the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in childhood, 37 young adult males were assessed at two separate time points. The initial assessment was made by a wedge testicular biopsy after completion of treatment (median 9.7 years; range 4.1-16.3 years) and the subsequent assessment (median 18.6 years; range 15.4-26.8 years) consisted of the clinical examination of pubertal stage, measurement of serum gonadotrophins and testosterone and, in 19 patients, semen analysis. All 37 men completed pubertal development normally and had a testosterone concentration within the normal adult range. Six men showed evidence of severe damage to the seminiferous epithelium, five were azoospermic and one, who did not provide semen for analysis, had a reduced mean testicular volume (11 mls; normal greater than or equal to 15 mls) and a raised basal FSH level (13 UI 1-1; normal less than or equal to 6 IU 1-1). All six men with germ-cell damage had received either cyclophosphamide or both cyclophosphamide and cytosine arabinoside as part of their chemotherapy regimen. Approximately 10.7 years earlier all 37 men had undergone a testicular biopsy after completion of their chemotherapy. Morphological damage to the seminiferous epithelium had been calculated by estimating the tubular fertility index (TFI), which is the percentage of seminiferous tubules containing identifiable spermatogonia (age-matched normal = 100%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Mesenteric fibromatosis presenting with ascites in childhood.

A 7-year-old boy presented with acute ascites due to mesenteric fibromatosis. The pathophysiological mechanisms for formation of ascitic fluid and some aspects of the aetiology of intra-abdominal fibromatosis and its association with Gardener's syndrome are discussed.

Ascites↗
PubMed1990

Cutaneous presentation of sarcoidosis in an infant.

A 4-month-old infant developed a symptomless erythematous maculopapular rash on her abdomen spreading to involve other areas of her trunk and limbs. Skin biopsy showed the features of sarcoidosis and she later developed sarcoid uveitis and arthritis requiring systemic steroid therapy.

Female↗
PubMed1989

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome and the Thomsen Friedenreich antigen.

In three children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), evidence of red cell polyagglutinability due to Thomsen Friedenreich antigen (T-antigen) exposure was demonstrated. This was suspected after difficulties in ABO typing and was confirmed using specific antisera. Further supportive evidence included elevation of plasma sialic acid, alteration in red cell surface charge and evidence of T-antigen exposure in the renal biopsy specimen of one patient. Although involvement of this antigen in the pathogenesis of HUS has been associated with a high mortality, all three children have made a complete recovery. With early recognition and subsequent avoidance of plasma products, prognosis of this condition may be improved.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1985

Long term prognosis of recurrent haematuria.

A long term follow up study of 100 children referred with recurrent haematuria for at least one year to two regional paediatric nephrology units is described. The mean duration of follow up was 8.2 years. An adequate renal biopsy was obtained in 96 and eight cases of Alport's syndrome and 10 of IgA nephropathy were diagnosed (20% and 26% respectively of the biopsies examined by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence). Five patients developed end stage renal failure and six hypertension requiring treatment, with the occurrence of these complications increasing progressively with increasing duration of follow up (1% at five years compared with 12% at 10 years). Adverse prognostic features were persistence of microscopic haematuria, proteinuria at presentation, and appreciable changes on renal biopsy. Eighty four patients had first degree relatives tested for haematuria; 30% of these families had another affected member. With long term follow up recurrent haematuria is associated with considerable morbidity and potential mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vertebro-basilar thrombosis and involuntary movements.

There are a number of causes of thrombosis in the vertebro-basilar system, and among these are trauma and abnormal movements. This is particularly likely to occur if there are anomalies or abnormalities of the spine or arteries. A case is reported which suggests that involuntary movements should be included in the possible aetiologies.

Basilar Artery↗
PubMed1984

Testicular relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: studies with an experimental mouse model.

Neither testis nor epididymis was found to be invaded by L1210 leukaemic cells in spite of widespread dissemination through other organs and tissues. The same applied to animals in relapse after protracted remissions induced by cyclophosphamide. Prior damage to the gonadal vascular endothelium by Cd++ did enable leukaemic cells to enter the testicular interstitium, but not the depleted seminiferous tubules. Injection of cells into the lymphatic sinus system of the testis led to rapid peritubular proliferation and systemic dissemination but the seminiferous tubules were not penetrated. The histological appearance resembled that of human ALL. The results suggest that the L1210 system, using the intratesticular route for inoculation can be used to examine the susceptibility to drugs of leukaemic cells in this environment. The potential of drugs to damage the vascular endothelium of the gonad and perhaps contribute to the development of testicular relapse could be assessed following intramuscular inoculation of cells.

Animals↗