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Biomedical subjects

M Lowry

Publications and source records attributed to M Lowry.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Knowledge that reduces anxiety. Creating patient information leaflets.

1. Patient information is an essential ingredient of caring, which needs to be both carefully considered and consistent. 2. Creating information leaflets should be a collaborative effort, involving members of the multidisciplinary team. 3. There are demonstrable benefits in providing information for patients, including compliance and patient empowerment. 4. Team working is enhanced by having common understandings. It also improves interdisciplinary communication. 5. There are cost benefits in taking time to produce good quality patient information leaflets.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1994

Phosphorus-31 metabolism of post-menopausal breast cancer studied in vivo by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

We have studied the metabolism of 31P-containing metabolites of post-menopausal breast cancers in vivo using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and a 5.5 cm surface coil. Spectra were acquired from 23 diameter. The spectra of the 19 previously untreated tumours had significantly higher phosphomonoester (PME) 31P relative peak areas than the normal breasts of eight post-menopausal women (11.7% and 7.7% respectively, P = 0.002). Although an increased PME relative peak area was characteristic of malignancy, PME relative peak area is similarly raised in lactating breast and, therefore, not a specific feature of cancer. An apparently lower nucleotide triphosphate (NTP) relative peak area in tumours than healthy postmenopausal breast was secondary to the differences in PME relative peak area; contamination by signal from chest wall muscle probably accounts for the ostensibly higher phosphocreatine (PCr) relative peak area of the tumours. Spectroscopy was repeated following chemotherapy in six women. An increase in PCr relative peak area was seen in all five patients who responded, but again this may represent increased contamination secondary to changes in tumour size. A fall in PME relative peak area was noted in four responders, but also one non-responder, so this finding may not be sufficiently specific to be of use clinically. Further studies are need to elucidate fully the role of MRS in breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Trisomy 12 mosaicism in a 7 year old girl with dysmorphic features and normal mental development.

We present the case of a mentally normal 7 year old girl with short stature, scoliosis, atrial septal defect, and dysmorphic features including linear pigmented streaks on the forearms and lower legs. Chromosome analysis of cultured fibroblasts showed trisomy 12 in 9% and 13% of cells from two skin biopsies. Two trisomy 12 cells were found in lymphocytes after analysis of 500 metaphases. Her clinical features are compared with those of other liveborn cases of trisomy 12 mosaicism and the problems of prenatal diagnosis of such an abnormality are discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1994

Phosphorus-31 metabolism of human breast--an in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic study at 1.5 Tesla.

We have studied the metabolism of compounds containing 31P in normal breast using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Spectra were acquired from non-lactating pre-menopausal breast (n = 14 women), lactating breast (n = 8) and post-menopausal breast (n = 8). The standard acquisition protocol used a 5.5 cm surface coil with the volunteer prone to minimize chest wall signal contamination. In pre-menopausal non-lactating women the phosphocreatine (PCr) peak area, expressed relative to the sum of all 31P peak areas, was negatively correlated with breast size (r = -0.56, p = 0.02) suggesting that much of the PCr signal originated from the chest wall. The phosphodiester (PDE) relative peak area was positively correlated with breast size (r = 0.71; p = 0.002). Spectra could be acquired at all phases of the menstrual cycle. In sequential examinations of five women not taking the oral contraceptive pill (OCP), phosphomonoester (PME) relative peak area was significantly lower on Week 2 than other weeks of the cycle (p = 0.03). Among pre-menopausal women no clear difference was apparent between the spectra from women taking the OCP and those not taking the OCP. Lactating breast had significantly higher PME relative peak area than non-lactating pre-menopausal breast (p = 0.02), probably reflecting the higher proportion of epithelial tissue in lactation; the lower PCr relative peak area in lactating breast (p = 0.05) is probably due to the greater size of the breast during lactation. Spectra were acquired from post-menopausal women but with a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio. The only significant difference between 31P relative peak areas of breast spectra acquired from pre- and post-menopausal women was that less PCr was detected in the post-menopausal volunteers (p = 0.03), probably as a result of differences in breast size.

Breast↗
PubMed1993

Infant feeding practices.

This study was done on a population of 877 mothers over a five month period. Interviews were held on the first day after delivery and on the day of discharge. Mothers were questioned on their infant feeding practice and on the influences which led them to their choice of feed types. Follow up studies were done in subsequent months on randomly selected populations of breast feeders (103) and bottle feeders (170) to determine duration of breast feeding after discharge from hospital; the factors contributing to cessation of breast feeding; the measure of satisfaction with the brand initially chosen and the factors which caused mothers to change from one brand to another. The salient finding is that 36% breast feed initially and that up to 10% of the total are still doing so five months later. The other findings are discussed and their significance stated.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1987

Renal ammonium production--une vue canadienne.

The purpose of this review is to examine the factors regulating ammonium production in the kidney and to place these factors in the perspective of acid-base balance. Renal ammonium production and excretion are required to maintain acid-base balance. However, only a portion of renal ammonium production is specifically stimulated by metabolic acidosis. One should examine urinary ammonium excretion at three levels: distribution of ammonium between blood and urine, augmented glutamine metabolism, and an energy constraint due to ATP balance considerations. With respect to the biochemical regulation of acid-base renal ammonium production, an acute stimulation of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by a fall in pH seems to be important but this may not be the entire story. In chronic metabolic acidosis augmented glutamine entry into mitochondria (dog) or increased phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity (rat) become critical to support a high flux rate. Metabolic alterations, which diminish the rate of oxidation of alternate fuels, might also be important. The above principles are discussed in the ketoacidosis of fasting, the clinically important situation of high rates of renal ammonium production.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗