Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M M Gapparov.
We are introduced the dates on an elemental compositional and physiochemical parameters of oil Silybum Marianum. In this assay we compare oil Silybum Varianum with the most widespread food oils. Presented perspectives of usage oil Silymum Marianym as the food and medical oil.
The review of literature data on the structure of carbohydrates in local and imported bakery, macaroni and confectionary products is given. The role of separate components of carbohydrates in organism's vital activity is discussed.
Different absorbtion level is inherent capacities for natural, resistant and hydrolized starches to regulate a volume of non-hydrolyzed starches in colon. This regulates an interaction with intestinal microflora to produce the short chain fatty acids and other bio-active compounds. The T- and B-lymphocyte receptors are targets for starches to disrupt the number and density of plasma membrane receptors CD3, CD4, and CD8. All starches regulate the expression of adhesion molecules LFA-1 and ICAM-1, as well as receptor Mac-1. Maize starch increases the level of spontaneous and ceramide-dependent apoptosis in thymic and spleen cells of experimental animals.
Chemical analysis of genetically modified corns MON 810 resistance to European corn borer and GA 21 tolerance to glyphosphate was performed. Results of these studies showed that there is no difference between genetically modified and conventional corn products.
The article of discussion character is devoted to a problem of adequacy of breast milk substitutes to a true breast milk composition. The data on a multiple composition of breast milk including both nutrients and factors of growth--biologically active substances of breast milk are resulted. In paper was accentuated that the solution of a problem of adequate nutrition of children during first year of life in the first place is connected to propagation of need of breast feeding, health nutrition of mother in the pregnancy period and breast feeding and also with further adaptation of breast milk substitutes with the count of physiological need of infant organism in a wide diversification macro- and micro-nutrients. In this connection it is important to take into account not only indispensable nutrients (indispensable amino acids, fatty acids, mineral substances and trace elements), but also wide quantity of trace components of milk with the expressed biological activity, indispensable for normal development of a children[symbol: see text]s organism in early age.?
The outcomes, obtained in experiment, testify about high reparative ability of a natursilum. Natursilum has growth efficiency of conventional treatment of an ulcer of a stomach and duodenal intestine patients both on end results, and on terms of an adhesion increases. Is rotined, that natursilum has more expressed antiulcerous effect, than oil of hippopheae. The transendoscopy spraying of an ulcerative defect has not advantages before application of a drug inside. The specificity of a natursilum structure determines character of effect on exchange processes.
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Review is devoted to analysis of human energy requirements depending on age, sex, occupational and living condition. Special attention was paid to importance of strict balance in organism between consumption and expense of energy. Modern views on mechanism of action food supplements as additional instrument of regulation of energy metabolism for correction of surplus body weight is given. Review is the first attempt of systematisation of biologically active food supplements according to their mechanism of action both on nutrition processes and on biochemical mechanisms of assimilation and utilisation of macronutrients, in particular of fats and carbohydrates.
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Possibility of evaluation of nutrients use by energy and anabolic ways by measurement in blood of radioactivity of water formed from labelled by tritium precursors was studied. The experiment was made on rats, which consecutively with interval 1.5-2 weeks were given intravenous indicative amount of 3H2(2,3)-valine, 1-14C-glucose, 6-3H-glucose, 3H2(1,3)-glycerin and 3H2(9,10)-palmitic acid. Half-time of glucose in blood was 46 min, glycerin--16 min, valine and palmitic acid--24 min. Plastic and energy characteristics of these substances were studied. The proposed approach to the evaluation of plastic and energy functions of nutrients can be useful for development of specialized products for enteral and parenteral feeding.
With use of a new method, based on detection in blood serum of radioactivity of water, formed from tritium marked precursors--glucose, amino acids (valine, serine, histidine) and palmitine acid--their distribution on oxidizing and anabolic ways of metabolism was determined. The work was carried out on laboratory rats. In young pubertal rats the ratio of flows on these ways for glucose was found equal 2.83, i.e. it in a greater degree was used as energy substratum. On the contrary, for palmitine acid this ratio was equal 0.10--it was comprised in a plastic material of organism in a greater degree. For serine, histidine and valine it is equal 0.34, 0.71 and 0.46, accordingly. In growing rats the distribution of flows was shifted aside of anabolic way: the ratio of flows is equal 0.19; in old rats--aside of oxidizing: a ratio of flows is equal 0.71.
The glycaemic index (GI) is reviewed as example of chronological parameters of carbohydrate utilisation. A food utilisation depends not only on nutrient composition and physical properties of food but also on body metabolism and physiological status including individual peculiarities, daily rhythm and other chronological characteristics of body connected with energy metabolism and biosynthesis of glycoproteins, phospholipids and nucleic acids. Such analytical approaches are very important for practice of human nutrition and animal feeding and also for critical analysis of "fashion" theories in nutrition.
Dietary intake of carbohydrates for Russian population increased from 50% to 54% of total energy intake at the expense of increasing of dietary intake of potatoes and bread products. This level of carbohydrate intake is in the normal value do not causing serious caution in relation to public health. Main resource of carbohydrates in russian diet is dietary intake of bread and bread products (about 53% of total intake), sugar and confections (25%) and potatoes (10%). Carbohydrates of fruits and vegetables make up about 5%, those of milk and diary food aso 5% of total dietary carbohydrates. Daily average intake of crude dietary fibers compose no more than 10 g per capita. Simple carbohydrates (sum of mono- and disugars) provide for about 20% of total energy intake and pure sugar gives about 12% of total energy intake of Russia's population.
In experiments with Wistar rats was shown that ratio 3H/14C in tissues after ingestion of double labeled glucose can be used as indicator of metabolic effects of different dietary carbohydrates. Predominant utilization of glucose for lipid synthesis was determined in rats fed SKP (93.4% of oligosaccharides and dextrines) and absence this effect in rats fed dextrinomaltose (69% of maltose and 26.7% of oligosaccharides and dextrins).
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Radiothermometry-aided investigations have shown that the initial period of specific dynamic food action (SDFA) in man is characterized by a distinct rise of temperature of tissues of some organs. A rise of temperature in liver, intestinal and brown fatty tissues (by 0.5-0.9 degree C) is noted 3-10 min. after taking exploratory food (220 kcal). As has been shown before, a considerable rise of oxygen, consumed by the body, is noted. The results obtained reaffirm the existence of the initial reflectory period of SDFA in man and suggest that the liver, intestine and brown fatty tissue play the role of executive organs in this period.
Studies with the use of the fluorescent probe pyrene revealed that vitamin A deficiency in maturing male rats results in the increased microviscosity of liver lipids. This effect seems to be due to changes in the lipid composition of microsomal membranes (increased cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and lowered polyunsaturated fatty acid content) as well as to the low level of retinol. Analysis of microsomal phospholipids labeled with [3H]palmitate and [14C]glycerol revealed that vitamin A deficiency accelerates the turnover of the glycerol skeleton but sharply decelerates that of fatty acid residues. It is concluded that the observed effect of retinol on the structural and functional properties of biological membranes is due to its ability to control the microviscosity and turnover of membrane lipids.
On the basis of experimental data from kinetic of specific radioactivity of L-14 C-leucine in the non-absorptive phase of digestion with the known significance of some constant the model has been created of leucine flux in the scheme of four consequent compartments: portal--liver--arterial--muscle. The unknown constant of rates was determined and was given a good agreement of empirical and theoretical curves. It was concluded that the flux of leucine may be described by "crude" system of linear differential equations. It has been shown that in non-absorptive phase the flux of leucine is displaced in the site of catabolism of liver and muscle proteins testifying to the significance of the digestion phase state in evaluating amino acid fluxes.