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Biomedical subjects

M M Gapparov

Publications and source records attributed to M M Gapparov.

102 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of dietary fats and carbohydrates on protein restoration in the myocardium].

A study was made of the effect of high-fatty and high-carbohydrate diets on the rate of the renewal of individual rat myocardial proteins, particularly on the half-life and the constant of degradation of proteins of sarcoplasm, myosin and actin. Unlike the control diet, the high-carbohydrate diet increased the rate of myosin renewal by 25%, while the fatty diet retarded 20% the rate of the renewal of the main contractile myocardial protein. Similar changes were also found for proteins of sarcoplasma: with the high-carbohydrate diet the rate of the renewal increased 10%, whereas with the high-fatty one it diminished 47%. The rate of actin renewal dropped 11% with the high-carbohydrate diet and 30% with the high-fatty diet. Unbalance in carbohydrate and fatty supply of the body produces appreciable changes in the rate of the renewal of individual proteins of the rat myocardium.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phospholipid turnover of hepatic subcellular membranes in rats receiving diets with different fat content].

The renewal (turnover) of rat liver mitochondrial an microsomal phospholipids was studied by the pulse-labeled method. As the fat content in the diet was raised (to 9, 26 and 62%), the renewal of mitochondrial phospholipids increased. In the microsomes, the renewal of phospholipids exceeded the control fed both low-fatty and high-fatty diets. The feeding of rats with the low-fatty diet had a substantial effect on the half-life of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids, while the half-life of phospholipids labeled in the polar part with 14C-glycerin reduced and that of phospholipids labeled in the fatty acid part by 3H-palmitate considerably rose. It is assumed that under the conditions of inadequate supply of fatty acids with food, the reutilization of fatty acids formed during degradation of membranous phospholipids is activated. As the times of the feeding with experimental diets were raised (up to 60 days), the turnover of membranous phospholipids did not differ significantly from the data obtained in experiments carried out for 30 days. The exception to the rule was the half-life of acyl chains of mitochondrial phospholipids that continued increasing dramatically under 60 days of the low-fatty diet.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of diets containing plant protein on liver mono-oxygenase activity in rats].

Male Wistar rats kept for 30 days on the diet containing vegetative (wheat) protein demonstrate an increase in cytochrome P-450 concentration in liver microsomes and an increase in the rate of amidopyrine N-demethylation and aniline p-hydroxylation. Administration of phenobarbital leads to cytochrome P-450 induction and activation of monooxygenase of rat liver microsomes, the quality of food protein not affecting cytochrome induction. It is assumed that high content of cytochrome P-450 is linked with prolongation of the time of cytochrome P-450 renewal at the expense of the decreased constant of its protein part degradation or with activation of cytochrome synthesis de novo (based on the preliminary data).

Aminopyrine N-Demethylase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Protein biosynthesis in rat liver subcellular fractions with quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of the carbohydrate component of the diet].

The biosynthesis rate of total proteins of liver subcellular fractions was examined in rats kept for 40 days on a high-carbohydrate diet with the use of starch, and sucrose from 14C-lysine incorporation. It was shown that the majority of subcellular fractions with the exception of the microsomal experienced an increase in the rate of protein biosynthesis. Estimation of the protein content in the fractions allows the conclusion that enhancement of biosynthesis in membrane fractions of external, internal membranes of mitochondria and lysosomes is linked with the increased rate of renewability, while in the fraction of cytoplasm soluble proteins with induction of numerous enzymes because of the increased energy load.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phospholipid transport between subcellular membranes (a review)].

A review is presented on the transport of phospholipids between subcellular membranes and participation of specific intracellular lipoproteins in this process. Formation of the protein-lipid complex is specific in relation to both protein and phospholipid. The rate of turnover of various phospholipids is dissimilar in membranes; the most intensive transport of phospholipids occurs across the outer surface of the membranes. The most important properties of the phospholipid transferases are discussed and their specificity in the transport of various phospholipids is considered. Role of these proteins in differentiation of phospholipids in membranes of tiumoral cells, significance for simulation of the phospholipid composition of biomembranes in their reconstruction are also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of thiamine deficiency in hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach].

The effect of the thiamine deficiency on the H+ secretion in an isolated gastric mucosa and also on the functional properties of the mitochondria was investigated. The thiamine deficiency was called forth through introduction of oxythiamine or by exclusion of thiamine from the ration. It is shown that the thiamine deficiency in an isolated gastric mucosa of the frog produced inhibition of the H+ secretion and in the gastric mitochondria of rats--a higher activity of succinate-dehydrogenase and a diminution of the exogenous cytochrome oxidation rate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Phospholipid transport between subcellular membranes and blood lipoproteins and the effect of nutrition on these processes].

Experiments on rats (both in vivo and in vitro) were made to examine phospholipid transport between liver microsomes and mitochondria, microsomes and high density lipoproteins of the blood, as well as to assess the effect of nutrition on the processes under consideration. Phospholipid transport from liver microsomes to blood high density lipids under the in-vitro conditions is effected without special intermediaries. Supplementation of the incubation medium with lipid-carrying proteins from the liver speeds up phospholipid transport to blood lipoproteins. In this case, bilateral exchange of phospholipids takes place. The diets that are imbalanced as regards the content of carbohydrates and fat alter the intensity of phospholipid transport between liver microsomes and mitochondria. Phospholipid transport from cell membranes to high density proteins of the blood does not seem likely to depend on the alimentary factor.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adaptation of renewal of rat liver proteins to dietary protein with low biological value].

The study of the dynamics of adaptation to the rations containing casein and wheat protein showed some accumulation of hepatic protein on days 4-9. Evaluation of 14C-Leucine and protein turnover from the kinetics of precursor elimination from the pool and that of incorporation into proteins, demonstrated that there were no significant differences in the rate of endogenous protein synthesis, and the higher protein levels are associated with the lower secretion of these export proteins from the liver. In another experiment after adaptation to the casein feed, the animals were fed a wheat protein-containing feed, there were no changes in protein levels, yet the rate of total liver protein turnover was significantly increased on day 5, as shown by massive label estimation and calculation using the modified equation. Adaptation to new rations is accompanied by the initial accumulation of protein in the liver tissue and the subsequent adaptation to proteins of low biological value may be related to increases in the turnover of blood proteins exported from liver tissue.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of various types of dry starch syrup on the rate of glucose utilization in lipid, carbohydrate, and protein components of rat liver].

Effect of a diet, containing dextran maltose and dry starch syrup, on some patterns of liver tissue metabolism were studied in young Wistar rats within 30 days. The animals of Control Group 1 were kept on a diet containing corn starch as a source of carbohydrates; in Group 2 the starch was replaced by the dry starch syrup enriched with disaccharides and especially with maltose; the dry starch syrup added into the Group 3 diet containing mainly oligosaccharides and polymers with high levels of glucose residues. The label mixtures of 6-3N- and 6-14C-glucose as well as of 6-3H- and I-14C-glucose were administered into the animals on the day of death. Analysis of the findings has shown that the products of starch hydrolysis may the specific parameters of glucose metabolism. Incorporation of the label into liver tissue lipids was similar to the control values in the group of animals kept on a diet enriched with maltose as compared with group 3. The glycolytic pathway of glucose utilization was more activated than the pentosephosphate pathway after substituting starch for dry starch syrup as shown by differences in the rates of carbon incorporation at positions 1 and 6 of a glucose molecule.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Reflex of food-induced thermogenesis in normal subjects and its changes in patients with obesity].

Dog experiments have established that an initial period of food-induced thermogenesis (FIT) has a reflex nature. This is proved by FIT appearance in sham feeding and disappearance after atropine administration. Various food substances proved capable of evoking this reflex. It was also registered in humans. Oxygen consumption rose within 3-10 minutes after a test meal reaching a 25% maximal increment. However, no or minimal manifestations of the reflex occurred in obese patients. They had to undergo a 30-day weight-reducing treatment to reacquire the lost reflex. Physiological value of FIT as a mechanism stimulating tissue metabolism and preparing food substances assimilation are discussed.

Adult↗