Biomedical subjects

M M Gapparov

Publications and source records attributed to M M Gapparov.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of fructose on the hexosamine turnover in the rat crystalline lens].

Rats were given isocaloric rations containing starch (control) and varying amounts of fructose as carbohydrates. Hexosamines were isolated from the lens, glycoproteins--from the blood serum, and their turnover was studied. A drastic deceleration of hexosamine turnover in the lens was observed at high-fructose diets (20 and 40% of fuel value), while glycoprotein turnover in the blood plasma was not changed as compared to the control, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in red blood cells was decreased, insulin level was lowered, and glucose level in the blood serum rose insignificantly. It has been suggested that fructose may be cataractogenic in animals.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pectin on indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease].

The influence of the diet containing 10 g of citrus pectin, made by "Copenhagen-Pectin-Fabric", on some parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was studied in 33 coronary heart disease male patients, aged from 29 to 40 years, who had survived documented myocardial infarction. The results of the investigation have evidenced that increased pectin content in the diet promotes the reduction of the total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood serum, the rise of tolerance to carbohydrates and produces no appreciable effect on the lithogenic potential of bile in the coronary patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of moderate amounts of food saccharose on glucose and fructose metabolism in the liver of rats].

Thirty-six male Wistar rats received rations containing 0, 5 or 15% sucrose during 40 days. Significant changes were recorded in the utilization of 6-3H-glucose for the synthesis of lipids and glycogen of the liver. The effect of sucrose feeding on hepatic lipid metabolism depended on the sucrose level: 6-3H-glucose incorporation into liver lipids increased after feeding with the ration containing 5% sucrose, while it was suppressed by 15% sucrose. 6-3H-glucose incorporation into glycogen of the liver was suppressed by both sucrose levels in the ration. U-14C-fructose incorporation into liver glycogen and lipids was not affected by sucrose feeding.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Glycoprotein turnover in hepatic microsomal membranes in rats during qualitatively different protein feedings].

Parameters of glycoprotein carbohydrate turnover in hepatic microsomal membranes are significantly changed in test animals given qualitatively different protein feeding: sialic acid half life in the test rats decreased three times after 14 days. After 28 days the content of sialic acids returned to the control levels. The authors have made a conclusion that the time of sialic acid turnover may serve as a criterion in the evaluation of animal adaptation to varying rations.

Animal Feed↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy and food stuff requirements and actual nutrition of foreign students studying in the USSR].

The actual nutrition of students of the Patrice Lumumba University of Peoples' Friendship, who had come to the USSR from different countries of the world, was investigated during their studies. Insufficient content of vegetable proteins and fats, Ca and vitamin C, as well as low carbohydrate level were detected in the food of students from all the continents, except for Asia. No significant difference was observed between the energy providing with food and its consumption by the students. The data obtained have been used for validation of the rational nutrition for foreign students studying in the USSR.

Energy Intake↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanism for maintaining blood protein composition with various protein regimens].

The study of the blood plasma protein content, turnover constant and half-life of albumin, fibrinogen and the total fraction of IgG + transferrin, was conducted in 70 male Wistar rats which received rations containing 4, 8, 12, 18 and 36% protein (casein), during a month. The total serum protein content and the proteins assayed in the blood plasma were not reliably changed in relation to the protein level in the animals' ration. It was found that the half-life of the proteins studied increased with the lowering of the protein content in the ration. It is suggested that the increase of the blood plasma protein half-life is one of the mechanisms of maintaining stable blood plasma protein composition in case of insufficient protein content in the food ration.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of diets with different caloric levels on blood protein turnover].

The content of albumin, fibrinogen, the summary fraction of IgG + transferrin and summary serum proteins in the blood plasma, their turnover constant and half-life were investigated in 122 Wistar male rats that during a month received rations with reduced calorific value at the expense of carbohydrates or due to gradual diminution of protein, fat and carbohydrates in the ration. It has been shown that the permissible level of the ration calorific value reduction depends not only on the energy deficiency level, but also on the ration components at the expense of which the reduction is achieved. The reduction of the animals' nutrition calorific value influences the general development of growing rats and the blood protein turnover rate, the specific action on the mechanisms of the blood protein half-life regulation being of a greater importance than the energy deficiency.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of food carbohydrate quality on monosaccharide utilization for the biosynthesis of glycogen, fat and proteins in the rat liver].

The inclusion of 3H-6-glucose and 14C-fructose metabolites into the rat liver glycogen, lipids and protein was studied in male rats receiving the rations containing 56% of carbohydrates, 18% protein, 26% fat, necessary amount of mineral substances and vitamins, during 25 days. Animals given the ration with starch, as a carbohydrate, were used as controls. In the ration of animals in groups 2, 3 and 4 some portion of starch (30% calorific value) was substituted for glucose, sucrose of the mixture of glucose and fructose (1:1). It was found that in the liver of animals given pure starch, radioactivity from 3H-6-glucose was included mainly into proteins, when starch was partly substituted for monosaccharide--mainly into lipids. These regularities were recorded in the distribution of radioactivity from 14C-fructose, all the parameters being shifted in the direction of increased inclusion of radioactivity into lipids. Partial substitution of starch for sucrose specifically changed the radioactivity distribution between proteins and lipids, thus revealing a distinct "disaccharide" effect.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Turnover of hexosamines in the lens and glycoproteins in the blood of rats given a xylose-containing diet].

To elucidate the action of xylose admixtures during the biotechnological production of monosaccharides, rats were given rations containing xylose that comprised 2.10 and 20% of the total amount of carbohydrates. Hexosamines of the lens and general blood globulin fraction were isolated and their turnover was investigated. The activity of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the content of reduced and oxidized glutathione were assayed in the eyes and red blood cells. The content of xylose was determined in the plasma, eyes and red blood cells. Xylose inclusion into the ration of rats induced a pronounced increase in the half-life of hexosamines in the lens. The general blood globulin fraction turnover was unchanged. The activity of glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the amount of total and reduced glutathione in red blood cells were decreased. Xylose content in the eyes and red blood cells was unchanged, while in the plasma it rose proportionally to the increase of its amount in the ration.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Glycogen and fat deposition from labelled precursors at high levels of sugar consumption].

The feeding of rats during two weeks with a high-carbohydrate diet, in which sucrose presented 40% of energy, induced an increased inclusion of the radioactive label from 3H-glucose and 14C-acetate into store lipids, and 3H-glucose inclusion into the liver and muscle glycogen. The ratio 3H/14C in glycogen and store lipids after administration of the mixture of 3H-glucose and 14C-acetate to the animals reflected a specific effect of sucrose in high-carbohydrate diets.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of a carbohydrate-free diet on changes in lipid and proteins levels in rat tissues].

The influence of carbohydrate-free and high-fatty (82% calorific value) ration on the content and turnover of proteins and lipids in the liver and perirenal fatty tissue was studied in experiments in vivo, in male Wistar rats (n = 23) with initial body weight (bw) 200 +/- 10 g. One month after the feeding with the ration studied bw of rats given carbohydrate-free diets did not differ from that of the control animals. The protein content was decreased and its turnover slowed down in hepatocytes of rats given carbohydrate-free ration. No significant changes were detected in the lipid content and turnover in hepatocytes. No changes were recorded in the protein content and turnover in the rat fatty tissue; however, significant changes were observed in the lipid turnover. They were manifest in an increased use of ramified aminoacid metabolites in lipid synthesis, and in speeding up the lipid turnover.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Phospholipid turnover in the liver mitochondria of rats on a diet with a varying fat and protein ratio].

Using the method of pulse introduction of labeled precursors the authors studied metabolism of rat liver mitochondrial phospholipids. The animals received high-protein diets (36% protein) containing 20% (diet II) and 36% (diet III) of fat as compared with the control (I) diet (18% protein and 20% fat). It appeared that the increase of protein in the diet (diet II) led to a reduction in the efficacy of 14C-palmitic acid incorporation into mitochondrial phospholipids, to a fall in the rate of metabolism of mitochondrial phospholipids and to a rise of their half-life within mitochondrial membranes, with the half-life of phospholipids labeled with 14C-palmitic acid in the fatty acid part being increased to a far greater degree as compared with that of phospholipids labeled with 3H-glycerin in the polar part of the molecules. However, in the presence of a high protein quota in the diet the fat/protein ratio agreed with the control level (diet III), whereas the metabolism of mitochondrial phospholipids remained close to the control values.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Phospholipid turnover of the liver subcellular fractions in rats receiving diets with a varying protein content].

Turnover of liver mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids was studied in rats kept on isocaloric diets containing 4.5, 6, 9, 18% protein (controls) and 36%. Turnover rate and half-life period of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids were determined from degradation of membrane fractions of phospholipids labeled with 14C-palmitic acid. Increase or decrease of protein level in the diet resulted in reduced turnover rate of mitochondrial and microsomal phospholipids and their prolonged half-life period in the membranes. Changed life span of phospholipid molecules during feeding the diets imbalanced with respect to proteins may be considered as adaptation reaction to alimentary exposures on the cellular level, this reaction being aimed at preservation of the optimum structure of subcellular membranes. Earlier findings on reduced half-life period of membrane proteins during low-protein (4.5%) and high-protein (36%) diets and the present data allow a conclusion on the independent nature of the mechanisms of degradation of subcellular membrane lipid and protein components.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied