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Biomedical subjects

M M Hussein

Publications and source records attributed to M M Hussein.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and urinary detection time of etamiphylline in camels after intramuscular administration.

The pharmacokinetics of etamiphylline were determined after an intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight in six healthy camels. Furthermore, the metabolites and drug detection time were evaluated. The data obtained median and (range) were as follows: the terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta), h) was 3.04 (2.03-3.62); apparent total body clearance (Cl/F, L/h/kg) was 1.27 (0.74-2.99); the apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)/F, L/kg) was 4.94 (3.57-12.54); and renal clearance (Cl(r), L/h/kg) determined in two camels was 0.005 and 0.004, respectively. The detection time of etamiphylline in urine after an i.m. dose of 3.5 mg/kg body weight ranged between 12 and 13 days. Three etamiphylline metabolites were tentatively identified in camels urine: The first one desethyletamiphylline was the main metabolite and resulted from N-deethylation of etamiphylline had a molecular weight of 251, and was detected in urine for about 13-14 days. Theophylline (molecular weight 180) was the second metabolite and resulted from ring N-dealkylation of etamiphylline. It was present in small amounts and was detected for about 5 h after drug administration in urine. The third metabolite, possibly resulted from demethylation of etamiphylline, had a molecular weight of m/z 265, and was present in small amounts and was detected in urine for about 5 h after drug administration.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Non-typhoid Salmonella septicemia and visceral leishmaniasis in a renal transplant patient.

BACKGROUND: We report on a renal transplant patient with recurrent attacks of fever, in which Salmonella septicemia as well as visceral leishmaniasis were diagnosed. PATIENT: The patient was a 62-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy and a living related kidney transplantation. RESULTS: Nearly 2 years after the transplantation, the patient developed recurrent attacks of fever, which were initially diagnosed as non-typhoid salmonellosis and improved after treatment. Three months later, he had relapses of fever. As the patient developed pancytopenia, a bone marrow aspiration was done, showing Leishmania parasites. The patient responded well to treatment with sodium stibogluconate. CONCLUSIONS: A high index of suspicion, together with better diagnostic assays to detect visceral leishmaniasis, is warranted in the diagnostic work-up of any fever of unknown origin in immunocompromised patients, especially in endemic areas.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2001

Saprolegniosis in salmonids and their eggs in Japan.

An epizootic of the fungal infection saprolegniosis that occurred in freshwater-cultured salmons and their eggs at some hatcheries in Hokkaido (Japan) was investigated. In almost all cases, the initial clinical sign was characterized by the growth of cotton-like mycelia on the fishs' body surface, especially the head, adipose fin, and caudal fin, but the mycelia were not visible to the naked eye in the internal organs. Thirty-three strains isolated from lesions were classified in the genus Saprolegnia according to their morphological and biological characteristics on hemp seed cultures at various temperatures. Fifteen of the strains were identified as Saprolegnia parasitica, 16 were identified as S. salmonis, and two were identified as S. australis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Muscle transposition flap for salvage of exposed peripheral prosthetic vascular grafts.

Infection of prosthetic vascular grafts, although infrequent, is a dreadful complication in vascular surgery. It is a challenge for the surgeon and is life- and limb-threatening to the patient. Conventionally, infection involving a foreign body is eradicated by removing the foreign body. Despite its theoretical appeal, this solution is fraught with danger--a high mortality rate that ranges between 10% and 30%, a high rate of protracted postoperative morbidity, and a limb amputation rate as high as 70%. The salvage of infected prosthetic vascular grafts by prompt soft-tissue coverage with transposition muscle flaps in 3 consecutive patients treated during a period of 12 years is the subject of this report.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Early microvascular reconstruction of Gustilo type III-C lower extremity wound. Case report.

Current algorithms for lower limb injuries recommend amputation for most Gustilo type III-C injuries with a limb salvage index score of 6-8 or more. Recent improvements in the timing and technique of microvascular flaps with the reduction in bone healing time as a result of better fixation devices and early bone grafting make the option of limb salvage after such severe injuries a valid and acceptable therapeutic approach. We present a case of severe shot gun injury to the leg with a limb salvage index score of 9 that was successfully salvaged by vascular reconstruction followed three days later with a microvascular osteocutaneous scapular flap anastomosed to the divided limbs of a preliminary arteriovenous fistula that had been constructed at the time of the initial vascular repair. The patient was able to walk unaided one year after the injury.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effect of previous chloroquine intake on in vivo P. falciparum drug sensitivity.

Investigation of the in vivo response of P. falciparum malaria parasites to chloroquine was conducted during 1993/94 in Al-Ain District of Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE. Sixty seven expatriates who developed falciparum malaria on their return from Pakistan, Oman and Sudan were recruited for the WHO in vivo tests. Of the 67 patients, eight were classified as having RII and RIII responses, while 59 remained aparasitaemic at the end of the seven-day WHO standard test. On continuation into the 28-day WHO extended test, a further 34 patients exhibited RI resistance. Resistance of parasites to chloroquine was confirmed by measurement of plasma chloroquine using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. In all 67 patients, the level of chloroquine was well above the minimum therapeutic level. The outcome of the in vivo test in patients treated for the first time was significantly different from that in patients who were previously on chloroquine. Among patients treated for the first time, 36 out of 41 (88%) had a resistant response, whereas, among those previously on chloroquine only six out of 26 (23%) had a resistant response. The difference is probably due to the higher initial plasma level of chloroquine among patients who were previously on the drug. Curing more patients with higher plasma chloroquine implies that chloroquine shall continue to be useful, particularly if resistance is at the RI level. Appropriate higher therapeutic levels of chloroquine should be defined for such patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Chloramphenicol drug failure in typhoid fever.

Two hundred positive blood culture typhoid patients admitted to Embaba Fever Hospital, Giza province, were subjected to: 1) Careful history and thorough clinical examination. 2) Complete blood picture. 3) Widal agglutination test. 4) Urine and stool cultures for Salmonellae. 5) To the isolates of the cultures, disk diffusion chloramphenicol susceptibility test, minimum inhibitory concentrations and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase test were performed. The dose of chloramphenicol was restricted to 50 mg per Kg body weight daily, whatever the route used; whether oral, rectal or intravenous. When fever did not drop up to 5 days or the patient presented with typhoid complications or the blood culture revealed resistant Salmonellae, quinolones or third generation, cephalosporins were administered. Measurement of the level of chloramphenicol in the blood was performed for every patient. Fifty (25%) patients were found to be resistant in vitro and in vivo to chloramphenicol. All their Salmonellae isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, the mean zone size was 10 mm, the mean inhibitory concentration was 64 microgram per ml. and all were positive for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase. There was no significant difference in the serum level of chloramphenicol between susceptible and resistant groups to the drug. Results were interpreted and discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Parasitological and bacteriological studies in recurrent diarrhoea in patients with chronic liver diseases.

Sixty patients with chronic liver disease complaining of persistent or recurrent diarrhoea where studied. The stools were examined by direct smear, formol ether concentration method and modified Ziehl Neelsen technique for Cryptosporidium in addition to stool cultures for enteric pathogenic bacteria as Salmonella, Shigella and E. coli. Giardia lamblia was the most prevalent pathogen responsible for diarrhoea in 23.3% of cases followed by Entamoeba histolytica in 21.6%, Schistosoma mansoni in 5% and Hymenolepis nana and Ascaris lumbricoides in 1.6%. Concerning bacteria, Salmonella was detected (10%), Shigella (6.7%) and E. coli (13.3%). In conclusion, Cryptosporidium was not a cause of diarrhoea in patients with chronic liver disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Preliminary arteriovenous fistula for free-flap reconstruction in the diabetic foot.

We present our experience at the American University of Beirut Medical Center with two diabetic patients suffering from large necrotic and infected foot ulcers. Both patients were ambulatory at the time of presentation despite their extensive wounds and were believed to have a useful limb with adequate protective sensation worth saving. Below-knee amputation was prevented in both cases by successful soft-tissue coverage of the ulcers using microvascular composite-tissue transfer a few days after performing a preliminary arteriovenous fistula with a long vein graft loop. The flap vessels were anastomosed end-to-end to the arterial and venous limbs of the divided arteriovenous loop. This reconstructive technique of difficult diabetic wounds of the lower extremity, though in two stages, may be safer than one long procedure in a high-risk patient. It is technically easier than long interpositional vein grafts at the same time as free-flap transfer or microvascular anastomoses with small and diseased vessels. It definitely provides more chance of success as larger vessels are used to supply the flap. It permits distension of the vein graft at normotensive physiologic pressures and allows testing the arterial anastomosis as well as the venous flow before final flap transfer. Above all, it allows extreme freedom in performing tension-free anastomoses away from the infected wound.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Observations in a Saudi-Arabian dialysis population over a 13-year period.

In contrast to Europe and the USA, data concerning dialysis treatment in Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia are lacking. We therefore studied 325 patients (150 females and 175 males) in one dialysis centre over a 13-year period. The number of primary renal diseases of uncertain aetiology and of pyelo/interstital nephritis caused by renal stone disease was high (46% and 4.9% resp.), that of diabetic nephropathy (14.8%) not much different from EDTA figures, while adult polycystic kidney disease was seen in only four patients (1.2%, versus EDTA: 5.5%). Sixty-one percent needed antihypertensive medication to control the blood pressure, less than reported by the EDTA. Nineteen patients (5.8%) had pericarditis, 38% radiographic signs of renal bone disease and eight patients required parathyroidectomy. Only two patients had carpal tunnel syndrome. Over the 13-year period the number of HBsAg-positive patients was 14%, reflecting the high prevalence of this disease in the country, but in the last 4-5 years the incidence dropped markedly (3% in 1993). In 1993, 40% of the 67 patients on dialysis had hepatitis C (HCV) antibodies of which 19 (70%) were HCV-RNA positive. Although tuberculosis (mainly extra-pulmonary) was common (9.2%), no patient died because of this disease. Cardiovascular factors contributed in the same degree to the causes of death as in Europe: 63% versus 62%. One hundred and fourteen patients (35%) had a successful kidney transplant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Synthesis, anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities of certain new furochromones.

Some new substituted thiazolidinones, thioimidazolidinones and thiazolines have been synthesized from N1-substituted N2-(4-hydroxy-7-methyl-5H-furo[3,2-g] [1]benzopyran-5-on-9-yl)thioureas and monochloroacetic acid or alpha-halocarbonyl compounds. Some representative examples were tested for their anticonvulsant and antimicrobial activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Factors affecting C3 in intestinal schistosomiasis.

Complement component C3 was investigated in sera of a group of schistosomal patients free from obvious nephritis. C3 was studied in relation to S. mansoni egg count, presence of HBsAg, and liver functions. C3 level was low in schistosomal patients than normal individuals. Levels were low in both HBsAg --ve and HBsAG +ve schistosomal patients. No significant difference was found between HBsAg --ve and HBsAg +ve in one hand, and between patients with egg counts more than 400 and those with egg counts less than 400 eggs/1 gr as regards level of C3 on the other hand. Presence of ascites did not affect C3 concentration. Positive correlation was found with Serum albumin, but not with prothrombin concentration serum alkaline phosphatase or serum transaminases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Cyclosporine in the treatment of lupus nephritis including two patients treated during pregnancy.

Although the combination of corticosteroids and intermittent pulse doses of cyclophosphamide has considerably improved the prognosis of lupus nephritis, there are still some unanswered questions about this regimen, in particular its use in pregnancy. As cyclosporine appeared to be effective in experimental models of lupus nephritis, some studies have been performed using this drug in patients with lupus nephritis. However, there was no mention of pregnancy in these patients. In view of the large experience with cyclosporine during pregnancy in renal transplant recipients and its established safety concerning teratogenicity, we decided to treat 5 young female patients having lupus nephritis with cyclosporine in combination with low-dose prednisone. Two of these patients were pregnant and both had successful delivery. During the follow-up period of 7-35 months there were no signs of flare-up of the lupus nephritis, except in one case where the patient accidentally discontinued the medication. In a second patient there was a slight increase of the serum creatinine level. Otherwise, the renal and immunological parameters improved or remained stable during the observation period. Hypertension developed in 3 cases. These preliminary results support the further evaluation of cyclosporine as an alternative to cyclophosphamide in the treatment of lupus nephritis, especially in young female patients with pregnancy or at high risk for pregnancy.

Adolescent↗