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Biomedical subjects

M M KAPLAN

Publications and source records attributed to M M KAPLAN.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1963

Effectiveness of locally inoculated antirabies serum and gamma-globulin in rabies infection of mice.

In an attempt to determine the specific local action of antirabies serum and antirabies gamma-globulin preparations in vivo, experiments were carried out on mice infected with fixed rabies virus in the pad of the foot and then given inoculations of either of these preparations in the same and in the opposite foot at various intervals thereafter.Good evidence was obtained of the local protective effect of antirabies serum and, to a lesser degree, of antirabies gamma-globulin when inoculated one hour after infection. Some protection was also apparent when the inoculations were made up to three hours after infection, but none could be demonstrated at six hours.

Animals↗
PubMed1962

Studies on the local treatment of wounds for the prevention of rabies.

This paper reports on laboratory studies made in guinea-pigs on puncture wounds infected with fixed rabies virus and treated one hour later with various substances, the purpose being to review the experience of previous workers and to explore new approaches to the problem of local treatment of wounds inflicted by rabid animals.AMONG THE MEASURES AFFORDING GREATER OR LESSER PROTECTION WERE: nitric acid cauterization; direct application of benzalkonium chloride to the wound or its infiltration, as well as that of methylbenzethonium chloride, proximal to the wound; repeated swabbing and flushing with 20% soap solution or benzalkonium chloride; local inoculation of procaine anaesthetics; infiltration of the leg wound, or inoculation of the opposite leg, with antirabies gamma-globulin; and infiltration of the wound with interferon prepared in guinea-pig tissue cultures.Protection was not afforded by flushing with 20% soap solution alone; topical application of aqueous or tincture preparations of iodine or thiomersal; inoculation of phenoxybenzamine, physostigmine or diphenhydramine hydrochloride; or infiltration of the wound with interferon prepared on monkey kidney tissue cultures.The authors conclude that, at the present time, very vigorous cleansing of the wound with 20% soap solution or 2% benzalkonium chloride, local infiltration of the wound with antirabies serum and-to minimize pain-the use of procaine in saline are indicated in the local treatment of wounds for the prevention of rabies.

Animals↗
PubMed1961

Rabies neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of serum and vaccine inoculations in non-exposed persons. 3.

This study is the third in a series on virus-neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of antirabies serum and vaccines in previously non-exposed persons. Three types of vaccine were studied-phenolized (Semple), duck embryo and high-egg-passage (HEP) chicken embryo. Reduced schedules of vaccine, consisting of 2-7 inoculations given at various intervals, did not give results comparable in efficacy (time of appearance, level and persistence of antibody) with schedules comprising at least 14 daily inoculations of vaccine as determined in previous trials. The effectiveness of a booster dose in previously sensitized individuals was confirmed with a demonstration that a rise in serum antibody appears between 4 and 8 days after the booster inoculation. Effective sensitization appears to be as much a function of spacing of inoculations as of total dosage of vaccine antigen. Interference by immune serum with the antigenicity of subsequently administered vaccine, noted previously by the present authors and by other workers, was again confirmed. This interference could be overcome by the administration of a sufficient amount of vaccine.

Antibodies, Neutralizing↗
PubMed1960

Treatment of spontaneous tumours by temporary local ligation. A comparative study in dogs.

Previous work in some human cases and in laboratory animals has indicated that temporary local ligation of spontaneous tumours has a selective destructive effect on these tumours, with only temporary inflammation resulting in normal tissues. In the experiments described in this paper, 49 spontaneous accessible tumours in dogs were treated by this method, with periods of ligation of from 4 to 11 hours. Success, as measured by selective necrosis of tumour tissue as compared with normal tissue, was achieved in 29 out of 41 benign tumours, including lipomas, angiomas, adenomas and mixed mammary tumours. Treatment failures were encountered in two cases each of papillomas and fibromas, six mixed mammary tumours and two testicular tumours. Total necrosis of tumour cells occurred in all eight malignant tumours encountered in this series.The outstanding feature was the specific destruction of tumour tissue by a bodily process without participation of any outside agent. Emphasis was placed on an adequate inflammatory response following temporary anoxia, although a precise definition of this inflammation could not be offered. Post-ligation bacterial multiplication, which may be expected to occur in necrotic tumour tissue, is considered to be a secondary effect rather than a possible primary cause of regression and disappearance of the tumour.If ligation treatment can be shown to be successful for a particular type of tumour, it may be possible to apply it to human patients for the treatment of areas not amenable to surgery.The results reported here warrant new experimental approaches to the study of neoplasms at the cellular level to define more precisely the anoxic and inflammatory processes involved in the selective lethal effect on tumour tissues; and the authors suggest that trials should be undertaken of combinations of chemotherapy or irradiation with ligation to reduce ligation time and extend the possible benefits.

Animals↗
PubMed1959

Serological survey in animals for type A influenza in relation to the 1957 pandemic.

In 1957 the World Health Organization arranged a survey of horse and swine sera in a number of countries in order to gain information on the role and importance of animals in the epidemiology of influenza. The veterinary services of the countries concerned were requested to obtain blood specimens from these animals, if possible both before and after the human pandemic of Asian influenza. This paper reports on the results of haemagglutination-inhibition and complement-fixation tests performed on these sera in WHO Influenza Centres and other collaborating laboratories.It is apparent from these results that the Asian (A2) strain can cause natural inapparent infection in horses and swine. Equine influenza caused by the A-equi strain is also present in many countries from which it had not been previously reported, and infection in pigs with the A-swine strain, long known in the USA, has now been recorded in at least two European countries.In a concluding section, the findings in this survey are related to other observations on the position of animals in influenza epidemiology, and future research needs are outlined.

Animals↗