PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M M KAPLAN

Publications and source records attributed to M M KAPLAN.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1957

Rabies neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of serum and vaccine inoculations in non-exposed persons. II.

Further studies were made on groups of adult humans, previously unexposed to rabies and with no history of rabies vaccination, who were inoculated with different schedules of phenolized inactivated vaccine given subcutaneously and high egg passage (HEP) Flury strain vaccine given intradermally, with and without inoculation of antirabies serum. Serum specimens of the inoculated individuals were studied for antibody up to the 60th day after the first inoculation of the vaccines and serum. Studies were also made on the effect of "booster" doses of HEP Flury strain vaccine given 6 months after preparatory inoculations. The results can be summarized as follows:1. Fourteen daily inoculations of phenolized vaccine produced a superior antibody response to that obtained with 3 inoculations given 5 days apart.2. Three intradermal inoculations of HEP Flury vaccine given 5 days apart gave a low level of antibody response, but these individuals responded efficiently by producing antibody to a "booster" dose of the same vaccine given 6 months later.3. Administration of phenolized vaccine or of HEP Flury vaccine alone did not produce detectable antibody in most individuals until between the 10th and the 15th day after the first inoculation of the vaccine.4. Passive antibody following inoculation of antirabies serum persisted in some individuals for as long as 42 days. Two inoculations of serum administered 5 days apart did not give levels of antibody higher than those obtained with one inoculation.5. One inoculation of serum completely suppressed antibody response to 3 inoculations of Flury vaccine given intradermally 5 days apart, and also prevented the preparation of the individuals to respond to a later "booster" dose of this vaccine.6. Three inoculation of phenolized vaccine given 5 days apart acted efficiently in producing antibody by the 60th day. However, the interfering action of one and two inoculations of serum was clearly defined in this schedule.7. One inoculation of serum had no suppressive effect on the active antibody response to 14 daily doses of phenolized vaccine; two doses of serum given in the same combination definitely interfered with the production of an active antibody response.

Adult↗
PubMed1957

Local treatment of wounds to prevent rabies.

This article reports experiments with guinea-pigs on methods of producing wounds and infecting them with street virus, and on the use of nitric acid, detergent solution and antirabies serum in the local treatment of these wounds for the prevention of rabies. Despite certain limitations in the experimental arrangement, the authors consider that these findings are valuable in verifying some of the similar experiments performed by other workers.The addition of hyaluronidase to the virus challenge suspension did not increase the infectivity of the suspension when applied to wounds, but there was a trend towards increased pathogenicity of the hyaluronidase-virus mixture over virus suspension alone when inoculated intramuscularly.In the local treatment of wounds the protective action which resulted when nitric acid was applied within 4 hours, but not after a 24-hour interval, after infection, confirmed the results of other workers.Antirabies serum also proved effective both when infiltrated under the wound and when inoculated systemically up to 24 hours after infection, this being the longest interval tested. The results suggested that the serum exerted a specific local action.While some protective action was apparently achieved with the detergent Terjolate when applied by gentle swabbing, or by infiltration of saline solution under the wound, up to 3 hours after infection, this protection was distinctly inferior to that obtained with nitric acid or serum. The authors point out the excellent results reported by other workers with a different detergent, Zephiran chloride, and recommend further studies on this and other similar substances less corrosive than nitric acid.These experiments, considered together with those reported by other workers, indicate the value of simple washing, flushing or irrigation of wounds as a means of reducing virus levels below the infective dose.The authors cite the need for further research on local treatment of wounds in order to clarify mechanisms of action of various procedures and agents now used, and to improve the methods for handling the worrisome situation presented by a bite wound from an animal suspected of having rabies.

Animals↗
PubMed1956

Rabies neutralizing antibody response to different schedules of serum and vaccine inoculations in non-exposed persons.

Groups of adult humans, previously unexposed to rabies and with no history of rabies vaccination, were inoculated with different schedules of phenolized inactivated vaccine and Flury strain chicken-embryo vaccine, with or without one inoculation of hyperimmune serum. Serum specimens of the inoculated individuals were studied for antibody up to the 28th day following the first inoculation of the vaccines and serum. The results can be summarized as follows:1. Passive antibody appeared in the blood-stream within one day following inoculation of hyperimmune serum. The antibody persisted at a good level for at least 10 days, but dropped slightly by the 14th day and was present in most individuals at the 21st day.2. There was a tendency for the antibody levels at 21 and 28 days to be lower in the phenolized vaccine plus antiserum groups than in those groups which received phenolized vaccine alone.3. Seven or 12 daily inoculations of phenolized vaccine alone produced antibody in most instances by the 10th day and persisted generally through the 28th day.4. Daily inoculations of phenolized vaccine produced a superior antibody response to that derived from the same total amount of vaccine given as a single inoculation.5. A single inoculation intramuscularly of Flury strain chicken-embryo vaccine of high egg-passage did not produce detectable antibody.6. The group which received hyperimmune serum followed by 12 daily inoculations of phenolized vaccine showed early and persistent antibody throughout the entire period of test. The antibody levels were comparable to those recently observed in man treated effectively with antiserum-vaccine combination after severe exposure to rabies.(9)

Adult↗
PubMed1955

The geographical distribution of Q fever.

The results of a WHO-assisted survey of the distribution of Q fever in 32 countries and an analysis of reports published to date indicate that Q fever exists in 51 countries on five continents. Q-fever infection was most often reported in man and the domestic ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, and goats.The disease was found to exist in most countries where investigations were carried out. Notable exceptions were Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, and the Scandinavian countries. With the exception of Poland, where the results were inconclusive, all these countries import relatively few domestic ruminants-the most important animal reservoirs of human Q-fever infection. It seems, therefore, that the traffic of infected ruminants may be one of the most important, if not the most important, means for the geographical spread of Q fever. The importance, if any, of ticks associated with such traffic needs to be defined.

Animals↗
PubMed1954

A field demonstration of rabies control using chicken-embryo vaccine in dogs.

This paper reports on a WHO-sponsored field trial of the use, in conjunction with other usual control measures, of modified living-virus vaccine prepared in chicken embryo in a mass vaccination campaign in dogs in Israel with the purpose of assessing the value of the vaccine in an area where rabies was highly enzootic. The mass immunization of dogs with this vaccine was considered to be the decisive factor in achieving the low level of incidence of the disease which has been maintained in this country during the past three years.

Animals↗