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Biomedical subjects

M M Levachev

Publications and source records attributed to M M Levachev.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of dietary protein content on the structure of blood vessels].

It has been demonstrated in experiments on rats that prolonged (for 1-6 months) use of the diet with protein deficiency or excess (5 and 30% respectively as regards caloricity) determines the development of injuries to the aortal wall and arteries of the heart and kidneys. Vascular elasticity shows abnormality, which is the most pronounced if the animals are given the low-protein diet including butter. Sunflower oil has a protective effect which becomes manifest provided that the animals receive the high-protein diet.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of storage and handling on the fatty acid composition of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba].

Gas liquid chromatography and chromato-mass-spectrometry were used to study and compare the fatty acid composition of lipids from the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba shortly after catch and after storage for 6 months in the frozen form or thermally treated and then frozen. Fatty acid lipids were found to contain acids having a methyl group in the 2d position, and acids having an OH group in the 2d and 3d positions, which had not been reported before. The technological treatment did not produce any changes in fatty acid composition which might affect the biological value of the product under consideration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of food with a high content of sunflower oil on the structure of vascular wall of rats on a low-protein diet].

It has been shown in experiments on rats fed a low-protein diet (5% according to the caloric value) that sunflower oil introduced into the diet in a high amount (50% according to the caloric value) does not exert any protective effect on the wall of the blood vessels (aorta, coronary and intrarenal arteries). The animals develop moderately marked morphological alterations similar to those seen in feeding a low-protein diet with high butter content. These alterations can be described as follows: the elastic fibers of the intima and media lose the tinctorial properties and elasticity; they swell and branch in some places; the destruction sites demonstrate the clusters of neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lipid fatty acid composition of the blood and organs in experimental and enteral feeding].

The rats which received intravenous nutrition (polyamine, glucose, intralipid) for 9 days showed a decrease in the proportion of palmitic and oleic acid, an increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood serum lipids, as well as a lowering of the proportion of arachidonic acid in liver lipids. The fatty acid content of platelet and splenic lipids remained unchanged. In dogs which were given fat emulsion enterally, intraportally or into the common blood circle in addition to the diet for 3 weeks, the changes in the fatty content of blood serum lipids were most marked upon enteral route of administration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of fatty acid triglycerides on lipogenesis and the makeup of plasma, fatty tissue and erythocyte membrane fatty acids in rats].

The fatty acids middle-chain triglycerides (FAMCT) may be considered as a possible component of alimentary mixtures intended to lower the energy-giving efficiency of the nutritional ration. They do not join the tissue lipids, whereas their reconstruction into long-chain fatty acids requires an additional expenditure of energy. These facts were confirmed by the results obtained in tests on rats. Feeding of growing rats for 5 weeks on a ration containing 12 per cent of the FAMCT on condition of a sufficient administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) through addition of sunflower seed oil led to a significant fall of the body mass gain by comparison with that in rats receiving a ration whose main source of fat was lard. An increased tryglycerides synthesis in the liver was not accompanied by their accumulation in the organ. The triglycerides level in the serum was up. An analysis of the fatty acids composition in the epididymitic fatty tissue, plasma and erythrocytes confirmed that the FAMCT C2-fragments developing during metabolization are used up chiefly in lipogenesis, one of the basic products of which is palmitic acid. The metabolization of FAMC with sufficient PUFA proportion in the ration does not derange the plastic function of fat in the organism, i.e, securing biosynthesis of lipid components of the membranes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of vitamin E deficiency and of qualitatively varying dietary fats on the structure of the aorta and of the heart and kidney arteries in rats].

Rats kept for 8 months on vitamin E deficient diet or given butter in an amount of 50 % of the diet caloric value developed similar morphological changes in aortal walls and in intraorgan arteries of the heart and kidneys. These changes marked by derangement of the elastic base of the vascular wall were most pronounced in rats kept on E-avitaminosis diet. In these animals changes in vascular elasticity developed in the presence of the intima edema, occasionally, of the media, formation of the thickening of the vascular wall, appearance of calcinosis areas in it. As a rule, changes in coronary vessels were associated with myocardial structure impairment manifesting in the form of foci of necrosis in the muscle layer, in reparative cellular reaction and foci of substitution sclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nature of the changes in the indices of lipid metabolism and of the fatty acid makeup of the blood plasma and erythrocyte stroma under the influence of diet therapy on obese children].

In treating 40 obese children aged 8--15 years with the I--III degree of constitutional-exogenous adiposity a hypocaloric diet with a reduced content of fats and carbohydrates was applied. The effect of the treatment was evaluated by determining the body mass, the characteristics of the lipids metabolism, e.g. by measuring the total lipids, tryglycerides, cholesterol, the blood plasma lipoproteins, as well as the fatty acids blood plasma composition and of the erythrocytes stroma before and after the treatment. The coefficient of the food fatty acids metabolization effectiveness into polyunsaturated fatty acids (CEM), e.g. the proportion of the arachidonic acid in the sum-total of other polyunsaturated fatty acids with 20 and 22 carbon atoms, was calculated. The CEM magnitude with the applied treatment was found to change variously, i.e. either rising or falling or remaining unchanged. It is presumed that the unequal orientation of the CEM changes in treating obese changes reflects a different degree of the profoundness of changes of the food fatty acids metabolism occurring in them. The value of the CEM application for prognosis of adiposity and evaluating the effect of the treatment in each individual case is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in lipid metabolic indices in children with chronic kidney diseases under the influence of diet therapy].

Variations in lipid metabolism were studied in 20 children with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) associated with the nephrotic syndrome and 14 children with chronic renal insufficiency given protein deficient therapeutic diets. Suggestive abnormalities of lipid metabolism involved hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterinemia and hypertriglyceridemia (more sharply pronounced in patients with CGN associated with the nephrotic syndrome) as well as hyperlipoproteidemia, chiefly of types IY and IIB. Disproportions in lipoproteid spectra of the plasma towards increase in atherogenous beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteids are characteristic for patients of both groups but sharply pronounced in CRI. These patients also show a reduced metabolization efficacy coefficient (MEC) of essential fatty acids of food to the lipid structures of erythrocyte membranes. As a results of the treatment the lipid metabolism returned to normal in most patients with CGN and in part of the patients with CRI. In order to raise the efficacy of therapeutic diets during normalization of lipid metabolism in CRI it is recommended that the fat and carbohydrate components of the diet may be changed qualitatively with due regard for the types of hyperlipoproteidemia.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of qualitatively different fats on the structure of the aorta and the arteries of the heart and kidneys in rats].

Animals who received butter in an amount constituting 30 and 50% of the diet caloric value showed changes in the aortal walls and in intraorgan arteries of the heart and kidneys. These changes were largely marked by dystrophic impairment of vascular elasticity. They were more pronounced and occurred more frequently in rats who had received elevated amounts of butter. In these animals, changes in elastic fibers were aggravated by dystrophy of smooth muscle cells of the media whose cytoplasm demonstrated vacolization. No vascular changes were detected in animals who had been given sun flower or olive oil in an amount constituting 30 and 50% of the diet caloric value.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of carbohydrates contained in edible vegetable oils on the makeup of the fatty tissue carbohydrates of rats].

Deposition of hydrocarbons from vegetable oils in the rat fat tissue was studied in the course of using oils as the only source of fat in the diet. the oils were found to contain largely n-alkanes C25-31, cycloalkanes, mono-, ditrinculear arenes. Prior to the experiment the rat fat tissue had a 10-12 fold less amount of total, 5-10 fold less amount of monuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, 50-100 fold less amount of di- and trinuclear arenes, uniform distribution of n-alkanes from C13 to C32, no cycloalkanes. The growth of the animals and the increased time of feeding were proportional to the increased content of both total and aromatic hydrocarbons in the rat subcutaneous fat. After the experiment the distribution pattern of n-alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons in the subcutaneous fat was similar to that of the oils used. The evidence obtained suggests that even small amounts of hydrocarbons supplied with food oils undergo the stage of deposition in fat tissue.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Clinico-metabolic effects of fish oil in patients with ischemic heart disease, familial hyperlipoproteinemia and hypertension].

Fifty-five patients with ischemic heart disease, familial hyperlipoproteinemia type IIb and essential hypertension kept anti-atherosclerosis diet incorporating 20 g of ichthyenic oil for 4 weeks. The diet resulted in positive shifts in clinical manifestations, a fall in blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, atherogenic coefficient. The clotting time and duration of hemorrhage proved longer. As to fatty acid composition of red cell and platelet membranes, proportion of omega-6 reduced, while the share of omega-3 rose. This may underly inhibited synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha noted in the examinees.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of the humoral immune system and lipid peroxidation processes in people living in territories contaminated with radionuclides].

Among 33 patients with Stage II hypertension, 25 persons were inhabitants of the Russian radionuclide-contaminated areas and 8 patients had no prior contacts with ionizing radiation (control). All the patients examined were maintained within 4 weeks on a diet, radioprotective effect of which was realized due to the elevated content of sulfur containing amino acids, antioxidants and complexes. In the patients who lived in the radionuclide-contaminated areas, a moderate activation of lipid peroxidation was detected simultaneously with marked alterations in the humoral component of the immunity system, which involved a considerable increase in the levels of IgG and complements C3 and C4. A decrease in content of malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates as well as normalization of IgG and decrease in content of IgA, IgM and C3 were observed in blood plasma of the patients on diet. Supplementation of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3-PUFA), 5 g/day and alpha-tocopherol, 12.5 mg/day, to the diet elevated the serum concentrations of all lg classes, which suggests the presence of an immunomodulating effect of omega 3-PUFA. Moreover, the content of malonic dialdehyde was not increased in blood plasma if 3-PUFA was used. Hence, increased alpha-tocopherol levels should be used in the treatment of these patients with omega 3-PUFA (up to 5-7 mg per g PUFA) in order to stabilize lipid peroxidation.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Functional properties of blood proteins in highly trained athletes].

The functional properties of serum albumin and hemoglobin were investigated in highly trained athletes. During adaptation to regular strenuous exercise, the metabolic pathway of omega 3 fatty acids intensified and the content of lipid peroxidation products in serum albumin increased. Also, hemoglobin affinity for molecular oxygen decreased and ATP concentration in red blood cells increased.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative study of the therapeutic effect of diets with qualitatively and quantitatively different fat content on children with cirrhosis of the liver].

A total of 107 children with liver cirrhosis aged from 7 to 12 were kept under observation. Four types of diets with different variants of the fatty component were used in the course of their treatment. The diet No 5 ration contained a physiological set of basic nutrients (with vegetable oil comprising 12% of the total amount of fat in the ration). The diet 52 carried a higher amount of the vegetable oil with its proportion reaching 22% of the total quantity of fat at the expense of a lesser share of butter. The total amount of fat was consistent with the age-specific standard rate. The diets 53 and 54 has the amount of fat raised by 15% with respect to the physiological level through additional introduction of vegetable oil and butter "Zdorovie", respectively. The fat-enriched diets were well tolerated with no manifestations of steatorrhea in evidence. Against the background of all the diets applied the great majority of the patients demonstrated an improvement of both the clinical data (general conditions, reduction in the size of the liver) and a number of characteristics reflecting the functional capacity of the liver (normalization of the blood serum bilirubin, of proteinogram findings). Following the use of diets with an elevated fat content there could be observed a well-marked tendency toward normalization of metabolic rates. In particular the level of the blood serum cholesterol esthers was rising; the plasma and lipids of the erythrocytes stroma showed an increased proportion of arachidonic acid with simultaneous fall of the icosatrienic acid share. This may ascribed to a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ration. The most convenient way of introducing polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ration is the dietetic butter "Zdorovie". This justifies recommending it in dietotherapy of children suffering from liver cirrhosis.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of the quality characteristics of the fatty component of the diet on the fatty acid makeup of the erythrocytic and thrombocytic membranes in healthy persons].

Practically healthy males received rations in which principal sources of fat in the descending order were butter, sunflower and mustard oil. The influence of qualitative properties of the ration's fat on the lipids metabolism in the plasma and the coefficient of the metabolization effectiveness of essential fatty acids (CEM) of the food into the membranes lipids was studied. The CEM was calculated by studying the fatty acids composition of the erythrocytes and thrombocytes stroma. Inclusion in the ration of butter alone, raised the cholesterol level, a fall of the plasma phospholipids level and a significant drop of the CEM. Substitution of sunflower oil for butter led to normalization of these figures. Mustard oil had no effect. Changes in the CEM of the erythrocytes stroma proceeded slowly, significant differences having been discovered only after 6 weeks of the butter consumption. The thrombocytes CEM changed quickly, a stable fatty acids composition of thrombocytes with this ration being established by the end of the 2nd week. The qualitative properties of the ration's fat exercise a sufficiently strong influence on the effective metabolization of fatty acids in the food into the lipid structures of the erythrocytes and thrombocytes membranes in a healthy subject, it being characterized by the CEM changes.

Adult↗