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Biomedical subjects

M Maeta

Publications and source records attributed to M Maeta.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion exacerbates surgical stress-induced postoperative immunosuppression and has a negative effect on prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

The immunomodulative effect of perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion on host immunocompetence was studied in 109 patients with gastric cancer at various stages. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, lymphocyte surface markers (specific for T, B, CD4, and CD8 populations), and the activity of natural killer (NK) cells were examined before surgery and then 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. The effects on host immunocompetence of transfusion alone, in the absence of any effect of surgical stress, were studied, preoperatively, in nine patients who received preoperative transfusion. Although a tendency towards a decrease in the posttransfusion activity of NK cells was observed, there were no statistically significant differences between pre- and posttransfusion levels. Mitogen-induced blastogenesis and the activity of NK cells were significantly impaired 2 weeks after surgery in transfused patients as compared to those in nontransfused patients with gastric cancer at stage III and stage IV, and postoperative survival was significantly lower in transfused as compared to nontransfused patients. These results indicate that perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion exacerbates surgical stress-induced postoperative immunosuppression and has a negative effect on prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

CD4-CD8 Ratio↗
PubMed1994

Studies of human granulocyte phagocytosis stimulation by tuftsin.

Tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg), a natural immunomodulating peptide originally found to stimulate phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), is now known to bind to both PMNs and monocyte-macrophages, affecting their phagocytosis and other functions. The potential roles of tuftsin in surgery-related infections have been documented using animal models. However, there have been some difficulties in demonstrating the phagocytosis-stimulating activity of tuftsin. In view of this, we have developed a suitable human PMN phagocytosis assay for tuftsin and performed preliminary kinetic studies. The assay was performed on 24-well plates between PMNs and fluorescent microspheres. The greatest effect of tuftsin over the control was observed under the following conditions: 15 min incubation at 37 degrees C with 5 micrograms/ml tuftsin and a 50:1 ratio of particle to PMN. Particles bound on the surface of PMNs were removed by washing and trypsin treatment, followed by centrifugation through fetal bovine serum. This allowed us to utilize flow cytometry in this study. A flow cytometric procedure was then successfully adapted to human PMN phagocytosis that established a high correlation between microscopic evaluation and flow cytometry of phagocytosis. In addition to the above determinations of the percentage of phagocytic cells, we evaluated the effect of tuftsin on the number of particles engulfed by PMNs. Under the above optimum conditions, tuftsin has greater impact on the number of particles engulfed than on the percentage of phagocytic cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Does the extent of lymph node dissection affect the postoperative survival of patients with gastric cancer and disseminating peritoneal metastasis?

For patients with gastric cancer and either P1 or P2 peritoneal metastasis, no definite consistent policy with respect to the extent of lymph node dissection has yet been established. In palliatively gastrectomized patients, we analyzed the relationship between the extent of lymphadenectomy and postoperative survival. In patients with P1, an R2 or R3 lymphadenectomy was associated with a significantly improved postoperative survival as compared to an R1 dissection, while this, however, was not the case in patients with P2. As this study was not intended to be a prospective randomized study, a definite conclusion should be avoided. However, our findings suggest that in patients with P1, surgery should not be confined to a resection of the primary lesion, but should also include an R2 or R3 lymphadenectomy.

Female↗
PubMed1993

Patients with multiple primary gastric cancers tend to develop second primaries in organs other than the stomach.

The multiple occurrence of a single cancer tends to result in the increased vulnerability of some other organs to another malignancy. In the present study, we examined a total of 1,606 patients with gastric cancer to ascertain whether the frequency of second primaries in organs other than the stomach is higher in patients with multiple gastric cancers than in those with a single gastric cancer. Primary cancers of other organs were present in 87 (5.9%) of 1,474 patients with single gastric cancer and in 16 (12.1%) of 132 patients with multiple gastric cancers. The difference was statistically significant. The most frequent site of the occurrence of a second primary was the colo-rectum, followed by the urogenital organs, uterus, breast, and lung in descending order of frequency. We therefore assume that the occurrence of multiple cancers in the stomach is not merely a chance phenomenon but is related to both genetic predisposition and environmental factors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Esophageal cancer associated with multiple cancerous lesions: clinicopathologic comparisons between multiple primary and intramural metastatic lesions.

Detailed histopathological examination of serial blocks and subserial sections of the entire resected esophagus in 111 patients who underwent esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma revealed 38 associated cancerous lesions apart from the main tumors, in 33 patients (29.7%). These associated lesions were divided into multiple primary lesions (MPLs; 27 lesions in 23 patients) and intramural metastatic lesions (IMLs; 11 lesions in 10 patients). Thirteen and fourteen MPLs were distributed on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, of the main tumor with the same mean distance of 2.6 cm. Three and 8 IMLs were located on the proximal and distal sides, respectively, with mean distances of 3.4 cm and 4.6 cm. With respect to the histological depth of cancer invasion, MPLs were all confined within the submucosal layer (superficial cancer) while IMLs varied from the submucosa to the adventitia. Histological findings indicate that MPLs may be associated with a possible increased multicentric carcinogenic potential in the non-cancerous epithelium of the esophagus of patients who have had an antecedent esophageal cancer, and that IMLs are developed by intramural lymphatic spread from the primary esophageal cancer. These results emphasize the need for careful attention to the choice of margins during the surgical resection of the esophagus.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Studies on screening for hard-of-hearing children by questionnaire. 2. Comparison of response rates to individual questions in 1-year-6-month-old children with normal hearing and hearing loss using a health screening questionnaire].

We report the results of studies on responses to questions on hearing impairment, comparing 165 school children whose hearing was diagnosed as normal at the time of admission to primary school and 37 children with hearing loss attending facilities for children with this disability. These children had been covered by similar surveys as part of the health screening for 1-year-6-month-old infants conducted by municipal authorities. Significant differences between the two groups were noted in the response rates to all questions on hearing. Similar differences were noted in the responses to questions on family history of hearing impairment. There were no significant differences in the incidences of asphyxia and jaundice at birth. The most striking differences were noted in the response rates to questions 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, and 18. Most useful and universally valid in this survey were questions 8, 10 and 18 in addition to the question on whether or not parents suspected infantile hearing loss.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

CA72-4 compared with carcinoembryonic antigen as a tumour marker for gastric cancer.

Serum levels of a newly identified, tumour-associated antigen, CA72-4, were measured in 86 patients with histologically proven gastric carcinoma. Preoperative levels of CA72-4 in serum tended to be higher with increased dissemination of the cancer. Elevated levels of CA72-4 (above 5.0 U/ml) were significantly more frequent than those of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (above 5.6 ng/ml) in patients with stage III or IV (P less than 0.01) carcinoma, in patients with Borrmann type 4 (P less than 0.01), and in patients with peritoneal metastasis (P less than 0.01). No correlation was seen between serum levels of CA72-4 and those of CEA. Serum levels of CA72-4 were lower 1 month after gastrectomy in 25 of 39 patients with resected cancers. In each of 4 patients with recurrence, lower levels of CA72-4 after gastrectomy were replaced by elevated levels on detection of the recurrence of cancer. These results indicate that CA72-4 is highly specific to gastric cancer and may be more reliable as a tumour marker than CEA for gastric cancer.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1992

[A case of coronary spasm during the operation for lung cancer].

We reported a case of coronary spasm during the operation for lung cancer. A 72-year-old man underwent left upper lobectomy for lung cancer under general anesthesia with the aid of thoracic epidural anesthesia. Preoperative examinations did not reveal any clinical problems in the past. Hypotension and premature ventricular beats were observed for several times during operation due to the compression of the heart and left pulmonary artery by the surgeon's hands in stopping brisk bleeding. After this event, ST-segment of ECG was elevated abruptly. Intravenous administration of nitroglycerin was effective to relieve the coronary spasm in this case. Possible triggering factors were mechanical injury of the coronary artery due to compression of the heart, vagal stimuli under thoracic epidural anesthesia and alpha-stimulating drugs to treat hypotension. The importance of preoperative evaluation of coronary lesions, perioperative treatments with nitrates and calcium-channel blockers, and avoidance of intraoperative triggering factors are emphasized to prevent the coronary spasm.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical treatment of gastric cancer in the aged].

The present status of surgical treatment for gastric cancer in the aged was reviewed. The incidence among the aged in the overall operated patients with gastric cancer has increased yearly and recently has reached approximately 35%. The incidence of early gastric cancer in the aged has increased 40% in recent times. Pulmonary failure and anastomotic leak of the alimentary tract are the most common post-operative complications in the aged; these easily lead to the development of multiple organ failure with high mortality. Precise pre-operative evaluation of functional disorder in each organ and pre-, post-operative nutritional and transfusional support is indispensable to overcome these complications. Surgeons are required to perform appropriate surgical maneuvers with minimum operation time and minimum blood loss with full consideration for the adequate surgical indication in accordance with both the spread of the cancer and the general condition of the aged patient. Mental care to avoid post-operative mental disorders is also crucial.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Methionine-deprived amino acid solution-induced biochemical modulation of 5-FU and augmentation of the antitumor activity].

A randomized study of the effects of methionine-deprived amino acid solution (AO-90) on the metabolism of 5-FU was performed in patients with advanced gastric or colorectal cancers. Continuous intravenous hyperalimentation with either AO-90 or conventional amino acid solution (control group) in combination with 5-FU was performed for 7 days preoperatively under the fasting condition. The administration of AO-90 showed a decreased level of serum methionine and resulted in the subsequent increased tendency in the intratumorous levels of both folic acid and methylene tetrahydrofolate compared to those of the control group. In the AO-90 group, the inhibition rate of thymidilate synthase in the tumor was significantly higher than that of the control group. These results indicate that AO-90 plays an important role in the metabolism of 5-FU and seems to contribute to the increased antitumor effect of 5-FU as a biochemical modulator.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1991

Influence of local hyperthermia on the healing of small intestinal anastomoses in the rat.

Peritoneal hyperthermia may have a role in limiting serosal metastatic disease. When applied to the peritoneal cavity immediately after surgery, it is important to know the optimum temperature, and to investigate the subsequent healing of intestinal anastomoses. To study the first problem, local hyperthermia was applied to the intestinal loop of rats for 30 min. Treatment at 46.0 degrees C or 45.0 degrees C resulted in 100 per cent and 90 per cent mortality respectively, but 100 per cent survival was obtained at 44.0 degrees C. To study the second problem rats with intestinal anastomoses were studied in three groups: group A, local hyperthermia (44.0 degrees C x 30 min) applied to the intestinal loop containing the anastomosis; group B, local hyperthermia (44.0 degrees C x 30 min) applied using saline supplemented with mytomycin C (10 mg/l); group C (controls) no thermal treatment was applied. Anastomotic healing was assessed by breaking strength and histological examination. On the third day after operation, the breaking strength of anastomoses decreased to the lowest values in each group, but no statistically significant differences were noted. On the seventh and 14th day, increased resistance to breaking developed in all three groups and was greatest in the thermally treated groups. Histological findings supported these results. Local hyperthermia up to 44.0 degrees C x 30 min had no adverse effects on the healing of intestinal anastomoses.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

A phase II pilot study of the combined application of hyperthermia and intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy using cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil.

Fourteen patients (group A) with unresectable metastasis to the liver from colorectal cancers (11 patients) and gastric cancers (3 patients) were treated with the combined application of hyperthermia and intra-hepato-arterial (IHA) chemotherapy with cisplatinum and 5-fluorouracil. Ten patients were treated with regional hyperthermia applied with a radiofrequency capacitive heating system and four patients were treated with total-body hyperthermia concurrently with IHA chemotherapy. Thirty-one patients (group B) with liver metastases from colorectal and gastric cancers received only IHA chemotherapy with the same chemotherapeutic regimen. In group B, partial responses (PRs) were obtained in 8 of 17 evaluable patients with colorectal cancer and in 1 of 10 evaluable patients with gastric cancer. In group A, PRs were found in 6 of 11 patients with colorectal cancer and in 2 of 3 patients with gastric cancer. Furthermore, improvements due to the combination of chemotherapy with hyperthermia were noted in 3 of 6 patients with colorectal cancer who had received unsuccessful prior IHA chemotherapy. The 50% survival period was prolonged to 23 months in group A from 11 months in group B, for patients with colorectal cancer. Toxicity of IHA chemotherapy was not potentiated by combination with hyperthermia. These results indicate that the combination of hyperthermia with IHA chemotherapy has a therapeutic benefit in the treatment of unresectable metastatic liver tumors derived from colorectal and gastric cancers.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Heating efficiency of radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia for treatment of deep-seated tumors in the peritoneal cavity.

We analyzed heating profiles from 318 hyperthermic treatments of 39 patients with recurrent or inoperable cancers of the digestive organs whose deep-seated tumors were treated by radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating of the abdominal region, and we investigated the heating efficiency and antitumor effect of such treatment. It was apparent that heating with a mean maximum RF output of 1,000 watts (700 watts at least), repeated four times or more, was necessary for a high rate of response by the tumor. Although it was difficult to heat tumors of the bile duct/pancreas to 42 degrees C or more, there was a strong positive correlation between maximum output of RF energy and maximum temperature of tumors (r = 0.839, P less than 0.001). The antitumor effect of RF hyperthermia was augmented with increasing output of RF energy. Therefore, the maximum level of RF output may be a useful index for expressing the heating efficiency with respect to intra-abdominal deep-seated tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gastric leiomyoblastoma in childhood.

A case of gastric leiomyoblastoma in a 7-year-old girl, who underwent partial gastrectomy combined with complete removal of perigastric lymph nodes, is reported. Characteristics of the behavior and prognosis of gastric leiomyoblastomas in childhood are discussed in a review of the world literature.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Diagnostic accuracy of combination of assays for immunosuppressive acidic protein and carcinoembryonic antigen in detection of recurrence of gastric cancer.

Two tumour markers, immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), were assayed in gastric cancer patients. Levels of IAP and CEA were measured simultaneously in the preoperative and postoperative periods. The usefulness of the combined assay of these markers for detection of recurrence of cancer was investigated in terms of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Sensitivity was not high (69.2%), but specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 96.7% and 86.9%, respectively. In cases with metastases in the liver, sensitivity (100.0%), specificity (100.0%) and diagnostic accuracy were high. In cases of peritoneal dissemination, these indices were low. The combination assay of IAP and CEA appears to be useful for detection of recurrence of gastric cancer, especially in patients with liver metastases.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of the perforation of the tympanic membrane on its vibration--with special reference to an experimental study by holographic interferometry].

Using canine temporal bone, perforations were surgically prepared at the anterior, inferior and posterior parts of the tympanic membrane, and the influences of these perforations on the tympanic vibration were observed and analyzed by holographic interferometry. Normal canine tympanic membrane had its respective single maximum amplitude points at its anterior and posterior parts at a frequency from the low compass to 2 kHz or so and showed a concentric circular vibration pattern centering mainly there around. At 3 and 4 kHz or so, the posterior and anterior parts began to show their respective sectional vibrations and with an increase in frequency, showed their further complicated multi-sectional vibrations. Resonance frequency was 1 or 2 kHz or so. The tympanic vibration following the preparation of perforations was as follows: 1) For the posterior perforation, the frequency at which the anterior sectional vibration began passed to a higher frequency, while for the other perforations, no change was noted in vibration pattern of the remaining tympanic membrane. 2) Comparative examination of the vibration amplitude at the mallear tip revealed that for a small perforation, no change in resonance frequency was noted regardless of the location of perforation and an increase in vibration amplitude was noted near the resonance frequency. 3) For the anterior perforation, no change in resonance frequency was noted even with an expansion of perforation and an increase in vibration amplitude was noted near the resonance frequency. 4) For the posterior and inferior perforations, the resonance frequency passed to a higher frequency with an expansion of perforation and an increase in vibration amplitude was noted near the resonance frequency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Simultaneous superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and early gastric adenocarcinoma.

Although cases of simultaneous invasive cancer of the esophagus and primary gastric cancer have been reported sporadically, the incidence of the association of superficial esophageal cancer and early gastric cancer is extremely low. In this paper we report on two cases of the rare combination of superficial squamous cell cancer of the esophagus and simultaneous early adenocarcinoma of the stomach. A total of 18 such cases in the literature are reviewed and discussed with respect to surgical procedure and the choice of alimentary tract for the reconstruction of the esophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗