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Biomedical subjects

M Maeta

Publications and source records attributed to M Maeta.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Cancer chemotherapy of high-age patients with gastrointestinal malignancies].

Recently, high aged patients with malignancies have increased in number. When cancer chemotherapy is applied for the high aged patients, kinds or doses of anti-cancer drugs must be more carefully selected or decided than for younger patients, because it is said that the side effects of anti-cancer drugs would easily induce irreversible organ disorders and death in high aged patients. The effects of cancer chemotherapy were compared between high aged patients (over 75 years) and younger patients (5 decade years) with special reference to side effects. The patients underwent cancer chemotherapy were 79.7% of high aged patients and 93.6% of younger. The reasons why cancer chemotherapy was not carried out were high age (5.6% of high aged patients), poor general conditions (7.0% in high aged, 2.3% in younger) and post operative complications (7.0% in high aged, 3.2% in younger). The proportion of patients suffered side effects was almost same in both groups. Dead cases caused by side effects of anti-cancer drugs were 5 in high aged patients (4.4%) and 7 in younger (3.4%). The reason why the proportion of side effects in both groups was not different was that the doses of anti-cancer drugs given for high aged patients were reduced to 80-90% of those for younger patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Possible association between gastrectomy and subsequent development of esophageal cancer.

To clarify the possible association between gastrectomy and the subsequent development of esophageal cancer, we studied the incidence of subjective gastroesophageal reflux in 287 patients and analyzed the nutritional status and results of endoscopic examination of the esophagus in 62 patients who had survived for a long period after gastrectomy for nonmalignant diseases. The incidence of postoperative reflux was 22.6%. None of the patients had severe deterioration of blood parameters or nutritional status. Endoscopic observation revealed esophagitis in 24.2% of patients, mainly in the lower esophagus. Histologically, there was a high incidence of infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes, enlarged papillae, and basal cell hyperplasia. Epithelial dysplasia was detected in 41.9% of patients, and of these there were more patients in whom the degree of dysplasia was more severe in the lower esophagus than in other areas. These data suggest that postgastrectomy gastroesophageal reflux is more likely than postgastrectomy changes in nutritional status to be a possible contributory factor to the development of subsequent esophageal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Radiation-induced esophageal cancer: a case report and a review of the literature.

A 63 year old woman who had been irradiated for thyroid carcinoma at 36 years of age developed a cervico-esophageal stricture, the biopsy specimens from which revealed squamous cell carcinoma. Total esophagectomy was performed and a small linear ulcer was found in the resected specimen. Histological examination revealed moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with severe fibrosis around the tumor, indicating radiation-induced cervical esophageal cancer. The characteristics of radiation-induced esophageal cancers described in the literature are reviewed in context of the present case.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1990

The influence of hyperthermia in vitro on the functions of peritoneal macrophages in mice.

Total-body hyperthermia (TBHT) as a treatment for cancer may lead to a reduction in the host's immunocompetence as a result of the direct effects of heat on the immune system. Thus, we studied the influences of hyperthermia in vitro on the function of peritoneal macrophages from mice. Peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice were heated in vitro for 3 hr at 37, 39, 40, 41 or 42 degrees C. After exposure to heat, the phagocytic ability of the macrophages, as well as results of the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test and the cytotoxicity test were examined. The changes in all these parameters showed almost the same pattern: a tendency for macrophage functions to be potentiated up to 40 degrees C, and a tendency towards inhibited functioning at temperatures above 41 degrees C. Although augmented functions of macrophages were observed after exposure to mild hyperthermia (less than 40 degrees C), the possibility of TBHT (42 degrees C)-induced inhibition of macrophage function must be further investigated in clinical trials of TBHT therapy for cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in tissues and sera from patients with gastric cancer.

Detection of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 in tissues and sera was performed by an immunoperoxidase assay and by radioimmunoassay of samples from patients with gastric cancer. Twenty-eight of 102 (27.5%) gastrectomized patients and 13 of 21 (44.8%) patients with recurrent cancer showed abnormal and elevated levels of CA 19-9 in sera of more than 37 U/ml. Sixty-five of 102 (63.7%) patients gave positive localizations of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues and 20 of 102 (19.6%) gave positive localizations of CA 19-9 in noncancerous gastric mucosa. Twenty-five of 28 (89.3%) patients with elevated serum CA 19-9 showed positive evidence of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues, and 37 of 74 (50.0%) patients with normal serum levels of CA 19-9 also showed positive evidence of CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues. However, there were no clear relationships between CA 19-9 in cancerous tissues or in sera and the stage or histological type of the gastric cancer. These data indicate that CA 19-9 may be not released easily into blood circulation or that the concentration of CA 19-9 in tissues may be low, even though a large proportion of gastric cancer cells produces CA 19-9. It appears, therefore, that CA 19-9 will be restricted clinical use as a detector, monitor or tumor-associated antigen of gastric cancer.

Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate↗
PubMed1990

[Therapeutic results and pharmacokinetics of combined used anticancer drug in intraperitoneal hyperthermo-chemotherapy (CHPP)].

Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) was performed after curative gastrectomy for the patients with serosally invading gastric cancer to control their peritoneal recurrence. In the randomized control study of this prophylactic CHPP, using 10 l of physiological saline with 100 mg of mitomycin C or 150 mg of cisplatin (CDDP) at 42 degrees C, better post-operative survival was obtained in the CHPP group than the control group, two-year survivals were 83% in the CHPP and 70% in the control. Through the evaluation of time-concentration curve of free-Pt in serum, the side effects of CDDP in the CHPP treatment were considered to be almost equal to that of 25 mg of CDDP in the intravenous injection. In the experiments using rats, the concentration of Pt in the peritoneal tissue after CHPP was three times higher than that after intravenous injection of 2 mg of CDDP. These three results, better survival, less side effects and higher drug concentration of the peritoneal tissue, support the reasonableness of CHPP.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Levels of tissue polypeptide antigen in serum and the progression of gastric cancer.

Correlations between levels of tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in serum and histologic stage or progression of cancer were studied in 94 patients with gastric cancer. Levels of TPA in serum from patients with cancerous invasion into the vein of the stomach wall (v-invasion) were elevated in parallel to the progression of cancer by stage, and were significantly higher in each positive case than in each negative case of lymph node metastasis or of cancerous invasion into lymph vessels of the stomach wall (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively). There were no differences in levels of TPA in serum from patients without v-invasion when these cancers were classified by stage, progression, or histologic type. It appears that elevation of levels of TPA in serum is associated with v-invasion, and that a determination of the level of TPA in serum is useful for the prediction of hematogenic metastasis in cases of gastric cancer.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1989

Hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion combined with anticancer chemotherapy as prophylactic treatment of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer.

We have conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with mitomycin C (CHPP-M) as prophylactic treatment of peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer. Between January 1983 and October 1985, 82 patients with macroscopic serosal invasion but no macroscopic peritoneal metastasis undergoing potentially curative resection of gastric cancer, were divided into two groups by random sampling: 42 patients were scheduled to receive CHPP-M, while 40 would not receive such treatment. The CHPP-M was administered immediately after closure of the abdomen following gastric resection, while the patient was still on the operating table under general anesthesia. The 5-year survival rate (71.5% of the patients in the CHPP-M group was higher than that (59.7%) of those in the control group. Although postoperative follow-up periods are not long enough, the longer survival obtained in the patients treated with CHPP-M should be emphasized, since no effective means of preventing peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer is so far available.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of prophylactic intraportal chemotherapy on liver function, blood profile and survival in patients with colo-rectal cancer].

Postoperative intraportal anti-cancer chemotherapy was used for 51 patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer who were selected in the randomized controlled study to evaluate its inhibitory effect on liver metastasis from colo-rectal cancer. In cases of intraportal chemotherapy, 30 mg of Mitomycin-C (in 3 doses) and 5 mg/kg (B.W.)/day (1985-1986) or 3 mg/kg/day (1987-1988) of 5-FU was injected through the catheter inserted into the portal vein during postoperative 14 days. In cases of the control group (58 patients), the same doses of the drugs were injected into the peripheral vein during the same term. Six patients with recurrences were observed in the intraportal chemotherapy group, and 3 of them had liver metastases. In the control group, more liver metastases were observed (5 of 7 recurrences were liver metastases). Intraportally injected 5 mg/kg/day of 5-FU slightly disturbed the liver function. The averages of the serum GOT, GPT and gamma-GTP level of these cases were higher than those of the control cases. Three mg/kg/day of intraportally injected 5-FU had no influence on the liver function. There were no differences in the incidence of leukocytopenia or thrombocytopenia between the two groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy combined with hyperthermic treatment: clinical results of metastatic cancer of the liver and effects on correct (but not at all necessary) hepatic blood flow].

In treating cancerous metastases to the liver, we combined hyperthermic treatment with chemotherapy via the intra-hepato-arterial injection (IHAI) of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) plus 5-fluorouracil. The subjects were 14 patients having metastases to the liver: 3 from gastric cancer and 11 from colorectal cancer. In metastases of colorectal origin, the response rate (partial response) was 55%; the 1-year survival rate was 80%; the 50%-survival period was 23 months. The response rate and the 50%-survival period in metastases of gastric origin were 67% and 11 months, respectively. When IHAI chemotherapy was combined with hyperthermic treatment, antitumor effects were generated in 3 of 6 metastatic patients from colorectal cancer, who had received no benefit from the IHAI chemotherapy alone. Better results were produced by thermochemotherapy than by IHAI chemotherapy alone. Hepatic blood flow, which influences the antitumor effect of hyperthermic treatment or chemotherapy, was measured using the 133Xe clearance method. Over the long term, the hepatic blood flow, especially that of the portal-venous route, showed a decreasing tendency after repeated sessions of the present regimen. This fact suggests the increased retainability of arterial-injected carcinostatics in cancerous tissues.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1989

[Treatment of lung cancer by total-body hyperthermia using an extracorporeal circuit].

Since far-advanced cancer shows extended infiltration into neighboring organs and/or metastasis to other organs, induction of total-body hyperthermia appears to be a reasonable treatment. The method of hyperthermia, which employs an extracorporeal circuit that incorporates a heat exchanger, facilitates the rapid heat induction and provides accurate temperature control. The most favorable antitumor effects were obtained for patients with lung cancer among miscellaneous cancer. Irrespective of whether the tumors were primary or secondary lesions or recurrences, favorable results were obtained in patients whose tumors were in the lung. The complication and mortality increased in proportion to the reduction of the performance status of patients before treatment. These findings indicate that total-body hyperthermia should be used as therapy for patients with primary or metastatic lung cancer and then on patients in generally good condition.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Prophylactic therapy for peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer by continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with mitomycin C.

Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) with a solution that contains mitomycin C (CHPP-M) has been clinically introduced as a prophylactic treatment for peritoneal recurrence of gastric cancer with serosal invasion. Two studies, each with a treated and a control group, were performed. In the historical control study the postoperative 3-year survival rate of patients (73.7%) in the treated group (n = 38) was significantly higher than the survival rate (52.7%) of those in the control group (n = 55) (P less than 0.04). In the random control study the survival rate (83%) of patients in the treated group (n = 26) was also higher than that (67.3%) of those in the control group (n = 21) in the 30 months that followed gastric surgery. However, there was no significant difference. In the historical control study with respect to the postoperative complications, anastomotic leak was observed in 8.5% of patients who were given CHPP-M and 12.8% patients who did not have CHPP-M. In the random control study anastomotic leak was observed in 3.1% of patients who had CHPP-M and 7.1% of patients who did not have CHPP-M. The incidence of adhesive ileus in patients having CHPP-M did not increase in historical or random control groups. Postoperative prolonged intestinal paresis or chemical peritonitis were not induced by CHPP-M. These results indicate that CHPP-M is a simple, safe, and readily available prophylactic therapy for peritoneal recurrence that may follow gastric cancer surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Carcinogenic potential of the noncancerous epithelium in patients with oesophageal cancer.

Detailed histopathological examination of serial blocks and subserial sections of the entire resected oesophagus in 63 patients operated upon for oesophageal cancer revealed 11 associated minute superficial cancers, independent and apart from the main tumours, in 10 patients (15.9 per cent). Only one of these eleven lesions was diagnosed preoperatively, and only three of the eleven lesions were detected macroscopically on the resected specimens. The high incidence of such coexisting independent lesions may indicate a possible increased multicentric carcinogenic potential in the non-cancerous epithelium of patients who have had an antecedent oesophageal cancer. These results emphasize the need for careful attention to the choice of margins during surgical resection of the oesophagus.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Clinicopathologic study of esophageal cancer associated with simultaneous metastatic lesions in the stomach.

Between 1965 and 1985, 89 Japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma underwent esophagectomy. In five of them (5.6%), a simultaneous metastatic lesion from the esophageal cancer was detected within the stomach in the resected specimens. Preoperative diagnosis of the gastric lesions had been made in none of the five patients because of an obstruction that was due to esophageal cancer. All gastric lesions were located at the gastric cardia, close to the esophagocardial junction, with a mean distance of 6.9 +/- 2.0 cm from the primary esophageal lesions. Provision of a gastric tube that contains metastatic lesions, for reconstruction of a new alimentary tract after esophagectomy, must be avoided. In cases of inadequate preoperative gastric examination, gastric lesions should be searched for intraoperatively, not only by serosal inspection and palpation, but also by mucosal inspection and palpation after partial proximal gastrectomy.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

Experimental studies of the effects of local hyperthermia on blood flow, oxygen pressure and pH in tumors.

The heat-induced environmental changes in tumor tissues are considered to influence the antitumor effect of hyperthermia or hyperthermochemotherapy, which is believed to complement the direct lethal effect of heat on tumor cells. The effects of local hyperthermia on the blood flow, oxygen pressure and pH in tissues were investigated using AH-100B tumor bearing rats, by immersing the tumor in a water bath at 41 degrees, 43 degrees and 45 degrees C. These parameters were measured in the marginal and deeper sites of the tumor mass, and in the normal muscle adjacent to the tumor. During immersion at 41 degrees C, blood flow in the tissue was increased at each site, and during immersion at 43 degrees C, tissue blood flow increased initially at each site, but decreased with time to rates below that of the unheated tissue. During immersion at 45 degrees C, the blood flow decreased markedly in each tissue. The changes in oxygen pressure and pH in each tissue were similar to those observed in the blood flow during localized heating at 41 degrees, 43 degrees and 45 degrees C. In local thermochemotherapy, the initial stage of hyperthermic treatment seems to be the most suitable time for administering carcinostatics, since it is the time when tumor blood flow has not yet decreased.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Intra-hepato-arterial chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU for metastases to the liver from colorectal and gastric cancers.

Thirty-five patients with metastases to the liver from colorectal (26 patients) and gastric (nine patients) cancers were treated with intra-hepato-arterial (IHA) injections of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Therapeutic schedules consisted of manual bolus injections of CDDP. (25-35 mg/m2/week) and 5-FU (150-180 mg/m2/day) Regimen I, and CDDP (25-35 mg/m2/10-14 days) and 5-FU (60-70 mg/m2/day Regimen II. In patients with colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver, partial response (PR) rates in Regimens I and II were 38% and 62%, respectively. By contrast, in patients with metastases to the liver from gastric cancer, a PR was obtained in only one of nine patients (11%). IHA chemotherapy CDDP plus 5-FU, especially following Regimen II, appears to be a strongly recommendable strategy for treatment of metastatic liver tumors derived from colorectal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Thermochemosensitivity: augmentation by hyperthermia of cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs against human colorectal cancers, measured by the human tumor clonogenic assay.

Thermochemosensitivity was examined in vitro by a human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) using specimens obtained surgically from 43 patients with colorectal cancer. We found that the percentages of patients whose cells showed higher sensitivity (greater than 70% inhibition of colony formation) to hyperthermia alone were 29.6 and 55.6% at 42 and 43 degrees C each for 1 h, respectively. Similarly, percentages of patients whose cells were sensitive to drugs alone were 13.8, 24.1 and 48.3%, for cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C, respectively. These sensitivities were augmented when hyperthermia was combined with administration of anticancer agents. Even in tumor cells that were insensitive to anticancer drugs alone or to hyperthermia alone, sensitivity was enhanced when administration of drugs was combined with hyperthermia. Our results demonstrate that HTCA of tumor cells, obtained from suitable patients, may be useful as a predictive test for application of thermotherapy and for individualization of chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗