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Biomedical subjects

M Maurelli

Publications and source records attributed to M Maurelli.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Central extra-endocrine effects of vasopressin and oxytocin in the rabbit.

The effect of vasopressin and oxytocin on cerebral electrical activity, somatic behavior, heart rate and rectal temperature of non-anesthetized rabbits was studied. Both peptides induced EEG and behavioral activation and proved to be active in modifying heart rate and rectal temperature. EEG and behavioral changes, as well as autonomic effects seemed to be independent of one another, thus suggesting different points of attack of the peptides at CNS level.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Electroencephalographic and autonomic effects of centrally administered neurotensin in the rabbit.

Neurotensin perfusion into the third ventricle of the unanesthetized rabbit induces an increase of the total power density spectrum of the cortex, without modifying the electrical activity of the cornu Ammonis dorsale. This evidence suggests a direct action of the peptide on the cortical neurons and seems to exclude the involvement of the brainstem reticular formation in inducing the electroencephalographic pattern. Simultaneously Neurotensin produces an evident behavioural excitation and a moderate thermolytic effect. The electroneurophysiologic, autonomic and behavioural changes are independent from one another and seem to depend on an action exerted by Neurotensin at various levels in the CNS.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A clinical, EEG and CT study in 21 cases of chronic respiratory failure.

A clinical, EEG and CT study was carried out on 21 patients with chronic stable respiratory failure. The neurological disturbances and mental deterioration observed were of a mild degree, and no severe alterations were detected at EEG. CT showed cerebral atrophy, but the type and prevalence did not differ substantially between patients studied and normal sex- and age-matched control subjects. The data gave evidence that in chronic stable respiratory failure cerebral function is only slightly affected.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Electroencephalographic, behavioral and autonomic effects of various ACTH fragments in rabbits.

The effect of the 1-24, 1-17, 1-13, 4-11, 1-4 ACTH fragments on cortical and hippocampal electrical activity, behavior, heart rate and rectal temperature of non-anesthetized rabbits was studied. All the fragments proved to be active in modifying cerebral electrical activity of both structures, although no common point of attack based on our data could be hypothesized. Animal behavior was not significantly modified. On the contrary, changes in rectal temperature were observed in all the animals treated. The hypothermal effect seemed to be related to the 11-13 aminoacid sequence.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Influence of L-5-hydroxytryptophan and DL-p-chlorophenylalanine on neurophysiological profiles of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in rabbits.

In a previous study we noted that some drugs, which exert their action by inhibiting serotonin (5-HT) reuptake, caused different EEGraphic, behavioural and autonomic patterns. These drugs (Alaproclate, Citalopram, Fluoxetine, Fluvoxamine, Indalpine, Zimelidine) have now been studied in two groups of animals pretreated with L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP), the 5-HT precursor, and with DL-p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a 5-HT depletor. The administration of 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, after pretreatment with L-5-HTP, caused homogeneous changes, i.e. EEG cortical desynchronization and behavioural serotonergic syndrome. No significant modifications of the parameters examined were observed in the animals of the second group (pretreated with PCPA). The possible mechanisms of action of these drugs and some aspects of the role of serotonin in the central nervous system are discussed.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1987

Neurophysiological changes induced by 5-HT reuptake inhibitors in rabbits.

The EEGraphic, behavioural and autonomic changes induced by the administration of some inhibitors of serotonin (5-HT) reuptake were evaluated in the rabbit. The drugs examined were: Alaproclate (Ala), Citalopram (Cit), Fluoxetine (Fluo), Fluvoxamine (Fluvo), Indalpine (Ind), Zimelidine (Zim). It seems that all these drugs would act exclusively or prevalently on 5-HT uptake. The changes of the parameters studied were not homogeneous. Some of these drugs (Cit, Zim) induced an EEGraphic and behavioural "arousal" pattern, others (Fluo, Fluvo) a "slow wave sleep" one, others (Ala, Ind) a biphasic one (alteration of the two above-mentioned patterns). The possible hypotheses subtending these data are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Carbamazepine poisoning: a case report.

In a case of acute intoxication produced by carbamazepine overdose ataxia and cyclic coma were the salient features. The mechanisms underlying these symptoms are discussed. Some peculiarities such as breathing irregularities and microhematuria are also described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Autonomic effects of centrally administered dermorphin in conscious rabbits.

The administration of 1 microgram dermorphin into the mesencephalic ventricle of conscious rabbits modifies some autonomic functions, heart rate, respiratory rate and temperature decreasing in a statistically significant way. Naloxone completely reverses such effects. Pretreatment with drugs which inhibit serotoninergic, catecholaminergic, Gabaergic and cholinergic systems does not affect these central dermorphin actions.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ceftazidime in the treatment of Pseudomonas infections in intensive-care patients.

The present study was designed to define the clinical activity and pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime in Pseudomonas sp. infections. The intensive care patients included in this study were hospitalized for at least 2 weeks and have frequently received antibiotic treatment which contributed with poor host resistance to the infections with highly resistant Pseudomonas strains. Sixteen adult patients entered the study. Their age ranged from 18 to 70 years. Ceftazidime was administered in a dose of 2 g three times daily by a constant infusion over 20-30 min. Frequent clinical assessment multiple cultures and determination of renal, hepatic and bacteriological functions were performed. Bacterial cultures were obtained prior to the beginning of therapy and every 2-3 days thereafter with a follow-up period of about 1-2 weeks. Pharmacokinetics in the blood were performed. Measurements of ceftazidime were made by using HPLC. Mean peak serum concentration of ceftazidime was 58.5 micrograms/ml after administration of 2.0 g of ceftazidime and eight hours after dosing the mean plasma concentration was about 5 micrograms/ml. No accumulation of ceftazidime could be observed during the treatment period. Mean plasma half-life was 2.1 hours at the beginning and 2.2 hours at the end of therapy. The mean apparent volume distribution was 0.35 l/kg. No severe adverse effects were reported throughout the study. Ceftazidime may be effectively used as single antiinfective agent in various conditions and higher plasma concentrations are an important predictor of bacteriological and clinical response in pulmonary infections caused by Pseudomonas species.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Electroencephalographic and autonomic effects of centrally administered dermorphin in rabbits.

Dermorphin, administered into the third ventricle of conscious rabbits, induces an increase of the total power density spectrum of the cortex and a decrease of the total power of the hippocampus. The electrocortical pattern is similar to that found with other opiates and reported as specific of mu agonists. Simultaneously the peptide causes respiratory depression, bradycardia and hypothermia. Naloxone (0.5 mg/kg IV) quickly and completely inverts all these effects. The activity of serotoninergic, Gabaergic, catecholaminergic and cholinergic systems does not seem to be required for these dermorphin actions. Thus, the hypothesis that dermorphin acts directly in modifying cerebral electrical activity is put forward.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

Synchronizing, sedative and anticonvulsive effects of centrally administered somatostatin in the conscious rabbit.

The effects of intracerebroventricular injection of somatostatin-14 on the cortical and deep structure electrical activity, somatic behavior and rectal temperature, were studied in 45 unanesthetized rabbits. In addition the antiepileptic action of the peptide was tested in these models: pentamethylenetetrazole-induced cortical spikes and waves, epileptic focus by topical application of strychnine and voltage-threshold for amygdala after-discharge. The results indicate that somatostatin exerts synchronizing, sedative and weak antiepileptic effects when centrally administered to rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Headache and epilepsy: two autonomous entities?

The relationship between headache and epilepsy remains unresolved. We studied 3,600 patients affected by primary headache and 36 epileptic patients with a present or past history of headache. In the first group, no family history of epilepsy nor epileptiform EEG patterns were found. In the second group, there was no chronological relationship between epileptic seizure and headache attack in more than half of the patients; when found (46.1%) the relationship was neither precise nor specific. Taken as a whole, these data suggest the autonomous nature of epilepsy and headache.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

EEG profile of the anticonvulsant action of viloxazine in the rabbit.

The intravenous administration of the bicyclic antidepressant viloxazine, 0.5-2 mg/kg in rabbits, caused changes in the EEG profile with increased synchronous activity and shorter duration of the hippocampal afterdischarge following electrical stimulation. In animals exhibiting spontaneous epileptiform discharges, the injection of 1-2 mg/kg viloxazine was associated with disappearance of the paroxysmal EEG pattern that was substituted by a synchronous low frequency activity. This study also provided evidence of non-interactive effects of viloxazine (1-2 mg/kg i.v.) and alcohol (0.6 g/kg i.v.) on the EEG of normal rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of naloxone on ethanol and acetaldehyde-induced electroencephalographic changes in rabbits.

Rabbits treated with a single IV dose of ethanol, 0.6 g/kg, exhibited rapid EEG synchronization and behavioral changes that were reversed and, in part, prevented by the opiate antagonist, naloxone, 40 micrograms/kg. The continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of acetaldehyde, 10 or 120 micrograms/min. caused biphasic changes with EEG activation and severe bradycardia followed by overt synchrony during the post-infusion period. The results of the present study provide further evidence for the ability of naloxone to counteract some acute effects of ethanol. Moreover, they do not support a role of acetaldehyde itself as mediator of EEG changes associated with mild alcohol intoxication.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1981

Lisuride and cerebral electrical activity in the rabbit.

This study was meant to investigate the action of lisuride hydrogen maleate on somatic and visceral behaviour, and on cerebral electrical activity. With regard to the cortical and deep components of electrical activity, we recorded arousal and, at times, the onset of epileptic activity, mainly from the rhinencephalic area and sometimes spreading to other cerebral structures. We also report the results obtained in rabbits treated acutely and chronically by us with neuroleptics.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Electroencephalographic effects of two short chain ACTH analogues.

The effects of two short chain ACTH analogues, tetracosactide 1-24, eptadecapeptide 1-17, on EEG, behaviour and temperature of the rabbit are studied. The behaviour and temperature effects of two compounds are quite similar. The EEG synchronizing action is more evident when tetracosactide 1-24 is administered. This fact suggests that the aminoacids 18-24 might be important in affecting electric cerebral activity.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1980

Behavioral and EEG effects of synthetic enkephalin analogue (FK 33-824).

The behavioral and eeg changes induced by i.c.v. administration of FK 33-824, an active synthetic met-enkephalin analogue, were studied. The Monnier and Gangloff stereotaxic method was used in order to record cortical and deep structures. The effects of an opiate antagonist (naloxone) were examined. The aim of this research was to verify two hypotheses: whether or not there were any relationships between sedation state and eeg findings, and if any interactions could be detected between FK 33-824 and serotoninergic mechanisms.

Amygdala↗