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Biomedical subjects

M Mian

Publications and source records attributed to M Mian.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of bisphosphonate derivatives on macrophage function.

The effects of three bisphosphonates (BPs), designated 4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (AHBuBP), 6-amino-1-hydroxylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (AHHexBP) and chloromethylenebisphosphonate (Cl2MBP), were evaluated on the basis of their effect on the phagocytic activity, lysosomal enzyme release and superoxide anion production in the rat peritoneal macrophage (M phi). AHBuBP was found to inhibit in a concentration-dependent manner the phagocytosis of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The same activity was seen with the phagocytosis of latex beads, although this effect was independent of calcium concentration. Conversely, AHHexBP and Cl2MBP were weak inhibitors of phagocytosis of both SRBC and latex beads. Inhibition studies on the phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated production of superoxide anion have shown all three BPs to be active. When compared with Cl2MBP, AHBuBP and AHHexBP were shown to be substantially active in inhibiting the release of beta-glucuronidase from ionophore A23187-stimulated rat peritoneal M phi.

Alendronate↗
PubMed1994

Familial risk factors associated with intrafamilial and extrafamilial sexual abuse of three to five year old girls.

This study intended to identify familial risk factors which differentiate sexually abused young girls from nonabused girls and, further, young victims of intrafamilial from those of extrafamilial sexual abuse. The subjects were 112 girls aged three to five years and their families. Forty-two were the victims of intrafamilial sexual abuse and 28 were victims of extrafamilial sexual abuse while 42 girls were not the victims of abuse. The three groups of girls were matched for age. Comparisons indicated that the families of abused girls had less harmony and stability in the marital unit and were headed by less competent parents. Mothers in both abuse groups were significantly more likely to have experienced sexual abuse as children. For all comparisons, the intrafamilial group showed greater disadvantage and dysfunction than the extrafamilial group. The intrafamilial group was differentiated from the extrafamilial group by worse spousal relationships, inadequate boundaries in parent-child behaviour, father's history of physical abuse as a child and violent behaviour as an adult and maternal disapproval of the child victim. These findings suggest that child sexual abuse is related to a longstanding collection of interconnected adult personal and relational deficiencies which result in inadequate parenting for the young victim.

Child Abuse, Sexual↗
PubMed1993

An interim report on the effect of natural human interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) lozenges in patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).

Oral mucosal administration of natural human interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) lozenges has previously been applied to the treatment of HIV-1 seropositive patients with benefits including weight gain and amelioration of clinical signs and symptoms of disease. These previous studies have been of short duration and employed treatment at a constant dosage. In this interim report, we describe the positive effects of long-term administration of IFN-alpha lozenges given in increasing dosages over the time. Forty adult patients positive for HIV-1 by ELISA and Western Blot have been enrolled in an ongoing, open-label study. Patients have received IFN-alpha lozenges at dosages ranging from 75-600 IU administered once daily into the oral cavity to promote oral mucosal contact. Patients have been treated for variable periods, ranging from 19 days to over 700 days. A group of untreated and unmatched patients, positive for HIV-1 by ELISA and Western Blot, were also followed during this study. At the time of this interim report, only 18 patients had received long-term treatment (more than 168 days with one or more increases in dosage). Five of the 18 patients died; one committed suicide. Two died due to complications of Kaposi sarcoma and another two died of HIV-related causes. The remaining 13 patients have exhibited a significantly smaller mean monthly decrease in CD4+ cells than the untreated but unmatched patients monitored during the same time period (P < or = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Protective action of L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 against hepatic triglyceride infiltration induced by hyperbaric oxygen and ethanol.

This investigation was conducted to ascertain whether administration of L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 could protect from the experimentally-induced hepatic lipid infiltration and glutathione content decrease in rats exposed to hyperbaric oxygen and prolonged alcohol administration. The results indicate that administration of L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 in association reduces damage induced by chronic alcohol poisoning and hyperbaric oxygen. This protective action is more marked when L-carnitine and coenzyme Q10 are administered together. The combined complementary biochemical activity of these two compounds is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Thrombosis induced by endothelin (ET-1) and carrageenin in rats treated with indomethacin and propionyl carnitine.

Propionyl carnitine can prevent endothelin and carrageenin-induced thrombosis in the rat's tail. This protective action of propionyl carnitine is probably related to its capacity to increase the synthesis of PGI2 prostaglandins and, subsequently, the amount of prostaglandins released by endothelin. Indomethacin, a well known prostanoid synthesis blocker, is unable to inhibit the protective activity of propionyl carnitine on endothelin-induced thrombosis after prolonged propionyl carnitine administration, but only a part of this protective activity after propionyl carnitine acute administration. Subsequently, other factors in addition to prostanoids seem to be involved in protective mechanisms of propionyl carnitine on endothelin-induced thrombosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Eleven year period of asymptomatic HIV infection in a patient after open heart surgery].

A case is described of a 62 years old patient in the initial stage of clinically overt HIV infection. The infection occurred probably 11 years earlier by means of blood transfusion during open heart surgery. The possible reasons for the long-term asymptomatic carriage of the virus and factors influencing the development of symptomatic HIV infection (AIDS) are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of humoral immune response in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection. Analysis of titers of anti-Hbs, antibodies against cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type I, rubella virus and toxoplasma gondii].

40 asymptomatic HIV carriers and 45 AIDS patients were tested for anti-HBs (Hepatitis B Virus surface antigen), anti-RV (Rubella virus), anti-Toxo (Toxoplasma gondii), anti-CMV (Cytomegalovirus) and anti-HSV-1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1) antibody titers and compared with 83 persons characterized by risk behaviours but seronegative for HIV. The prevalence of these antibodies was very high and similar in all three groups studied, however, patients with AIDS had generally lower antibody titers when compared with asymptomatic carriers. The only exception being anti-HSV-1 which was present in high titre even in gravely ill patients. It seems that subjects with clinically overt HIV infection develop a serious disturbance in the humoral immune response with depressed specific antibody synthesis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1993

[Concomitant symptom syndrome of primary HIV infection].

A primary HIV infection presenting as an acute viral syndrome in 31-years-old male drug addict is described. Two weeks after the probable infection the patient presented with fever, sweats, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, myalgia, arthralgia, headaches, macular eruption, generalized lymphadenopathy, paresthesia and thrombocytopenia. These symptoms lasted 7 weeks. The immune abnormalities included an increase of CD8+ lymphocyte percentage resulting in decrease od CD4/CD8 ratio. HIV antigenemia was found 4 weeks after the presumed exposure whereas anti-HIV became detectable 2 weeks later.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Retinal findings after head trauma in infants and young children.

BACKGROUND: Many authorities believe that the finding of retinal hemorrhages in a child younger than 3 years of age with a history of head trauma, in the absence of an obvious cause for the injury, is pathognomonic of child abuse. To date, no studies have examined the prospective retinal examination of children who have had head trauma. The authors undertook such a study because the presence of retinal hemorrhage from any head trauma in children may have medicolegal diagnostic significance in differentiating accidental from nonaccidental trauma. METHODS: Seventy-nine children younger than 3 years of age, each of whom experienced head injury, underwent an ophthalmologic assessment, which included a dilated funduscopic examination. RESULTS: Seventy-five children sustained accidental head injuries and had normal funduscopic examinations. Three children had nonaccidental head injuries and all were found to have varying degrees of retinal hemorrhages. One child, with a normal fundus examination, had injuries that were of indeterminate cause. CONCLUSION: The finding of retinal hemorrhages in a child with a head injury suggests a nonaccidental cause.

Battered Child Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Plasma protein C as a marker of hepatocellular damage in alcoholic liver disease.

The synthesis of a number of clotting factors takes place in a hepatocyte. Therefore, measurement of these factors in the blood have proved to be of additional value in the diagnosis and follow-up of liver diseases. In the present study we evaluated protein C level in the plasma of patients with liver cell damage due to chronic alcohol consumption. A decrease in plasma protein C concentration which correlated with clinical performance of the patients was found. Significant correlations between the level of protein C and antithrombin III, one-stage prothrombin time, factors VII and X and some biochemical tests reflecting liver cell damage were also stated. The obtained data indicate that plasma protein C level may constitute a useful marker of hepatocellular disease in alcoholics.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The use of intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with severe burns].

The parenteral use of whole molecule immunoglobulins is an important instrument for immunotherapy which can be employed in a variety of morbid conditions characterized by immunodeficiency, and therefore also in the management of severe burns. In order to confirm this assumption, the effect of i.v. administration of immunoglobulins has been studied in a group of burn patients and has been compared with the results obtained in the same number of clinically homologous patients not submitted to this treatment. In view of the results obtained, i.v. immunoglobulins can be usefully employed for the control of inflammatory and septic phenomena with reduction of abnormal parameters and a positive influence on the recovery curve.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Collagen as a pharmacological approach in wound healing.

The authors have reviewed the most important biological mechanisms involved in wound healing, the main agents that modify the healing process and the physiological and pharmacological role of collagen. Putative mechanisms of collagen in wound repair are described with particular emphasis on haemostatic effect, interaction with platelets and fibronectin, properties of of increasing fluid exudate and its cellular component (macrophages) and the "scaffold" role for fibroblastic proliferation. Experimental and clinical data clearly suggest that the potential use of collagen in wound repair and its main therapeutical applications: treatment chronic leg ulcers and pressure sores, burns, urological surgery, gynaecological surgery, dentistry and oral surgery, reconstructive surgery, abdominal and vascular surgery, orthopaedy.

Biological Dressings↗
PubMed1992

Healing of open skin surfaces with collagen foils.

Applications of Condress (patented sheets of pure bovine collagen) on open skin surfaces (30 cases of "ulcus cruris", 5 cases of decubitus, and malum perforans; 10 cases of full-thickness burns) were examined in a controlled trial. Quantification of regeneration speed, macrophotographic survey of granulation tissue and epithelial border, thermographic and chromometric evaluation of the skin microcirculation, and histological observation of regenerating tissues, were the parameters used. The following results were obtained: marked reduction of healing time, different aspects of the granulation-tissue responses, different times of topical collagenolysis, increased vascular perfusion, histological activation of angiogenesis, fibrogenesis, histiomacrophage function and superficial absorption. The employment of Condress in burn areas seems to be highly promising.

Biological Dressings↗
PubMed1992

Potential role of heterologous collagen in promoting cutaneous wound repair in rats.

The effect of native bovine tendon type-I collagen sponges (CONDRESS) on wound repair was evaluated by employing an experimental animal (rat) model which utilized subcutaneously implanted collagen and polyurethane sponges. Lesions were also created in the control groups with the exception that implants were omitted. The fusion of the hypodermal layer was selected as the index of wound repair expressed as % healing. In order to assess the extent of the healing process, parameters of clinical evaluation such as exudate volume, number of polymorphonuclears (PMNs) and macrophages (MOs) were also determined. All studies were effected at time intervals of 24, 48 and 72 h post wounding and implantation. The collagen-treated groups showed a greater healing capacity as compared to the polyurethane sponge-treated and control groups. Likewise, the exudate volume, number of leukocytes and mononuclear-type cells were all significantly higher for the collagen-treated animals than those of the polyurethane sponge-treated and control ones. Furthermore, the healthier appearance of the artificially produced wounds in the collagen sponge-treated groups (when compared to the others after 24 h) further confirmed collagen's validity in the treatment of wounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of amino-butylidene diphosphonate in hypercalcemia due to malignancy.

We studied the effect of a single 5 mg intravenous infusion of amino-butylidene diphosphonate (ABDP) in nine patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy, in whom serum calcium values were stable or rising after intravascular volume expansion. Serum calcium fell progressively in all patients and in seven reached the normal reference range by day 6 (p less than 0.001). The decrease in serum calcium was associated with a decrease in the fasting urinary calcium/creatinine ratio (p less than 0.05). Hypercalcemia recurred in seven of the patients by day 12, but two patients remained normocalcemic for 21 days. We conclude that ABDP is a highly potent diphosphonate and that a single intravenous infusion is capable of inhibiting tumour-mediated bone resorption for several days.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Topical treatment of burn wounds with chloroxidating solution and silver sulfadiazine: a comparative study.

The present paper reports the results of clinical and laboratory tests carried out on two homogeneous groups of ten burn patients subjected to local therapy, either with isotonic chloroxidating solution Amuchina* or with 1% silver sulfadiazine cream at the Burns Centre of the Pisa University Dermatological Clinic. The local systemic behaviour of the patients examined was evaluated for the containment of septic complications at the burn site. In the group subjected to treatment with chloroxidating solution, sepsis appeared to have a lower incidence in the evolution of dermatitis in the phase of escharolysis, in the formation of granulation tissue, and in the attachment of cutaneous grafts. The systemic involvement (temperature curve, etc.) appeared to be more marked for some patients treated with silver sulfadiazine in response to septic aggression of the burn wounds. On the basis of data referring to the development of the wound granulation and the temperature curve, as well as the microbial presence and the subjective tolerance of the medication, the comparison was favourable, making all necessary allowances, to topical treatment with electrolytic chloroxidating solution; other comparative data were at the limit of significance.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1991

[Infections with hepatitis B, C and delta viruses in patients with AIDS].

To analyse the prevalence of liver viral infections we tested sera of drug abusers HIV+ (23 persons), sera of drug abusers HIV--(30 persons) and sera of homosexuals HIV+ (18 persons). We looked for antigens delta and antibodies anti-HBcoreAg, anti-HCV, anti-HDV. Results showed the prevalence of HBV infections among drug abusers (in Warsaw) and lower prevalence of HBV infections among homosexuals. We did not find any HCV and HDV infection among tested homosexuals.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗