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Biomedical subjects

M Mian

Publications and source records attributed to M Mian.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[T4 lymphocytes (helper cells) and T8 lymphocytes (cytotoxic and suppressor cells) in patients with asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV infection].

250 determinations of lymphocyte T subsets in 130 HIV infected patients (79 asymptomatic carriers or with lymphadenopathy, 31 ARC- and 20 AIDS-patients) were analyzed as to the percentage, number, and ratio of T4 (helper) and T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocytes in sequential clinical stages of HIV infection. Asymptomatic HIV carriers or patients with lymphadenopathy were found to have statistically significant higher counts of erythrocytes, platelets, total lymphocytes, percentage and number of T4 lymphocytes and T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio than the ARC-patients. Persons with ARC in comparison with AIDS-patients were found to have significantly higher values of erythrocytes, platelets, leucocytes, total lymphocytes, T4 lymphocytes, percentage and count of T8 lymphocytes and T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio. In AIDS patients a statistically significant correlation was seen between number of T4 lymphocyte and number of erythrocytes, platelets, total number of lymphocytes and value of T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1991

[Prospective studies of T4 and T8 lymphocyte subpopulations and beta 2-microglobulin in patients with HIV infection].

Sequential changes of percentage and number of T4 (helper) and T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) lymphocyte subsets and serum beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2m) level were observed in 23 HIV infected patients for a period of 4 months to 3 years. 10 subjects were asymptomatic HIV carriers, 9 had already AIDS at the beginning of the study and 4 patients developed clinically overt disease during the observation period. T4 lymphocyte number remained in normal range in asymptomatic HIV carriers but in 4 patients its decrease preceded the development of clinical symptoms of infection. A rapid decrease of T4 lymphocyte number was generally observed in AIDS patients. Serum concentration of beta 2m remained at relatively low and constant level in asymptomatic HIV carriers but in 4 cases its increase preceded the appearance of clinical symptoms. In patients with clinically overt disease beta 2m levels were significantly increased and reached the highest values just before death. A correlation between clinical stage of infection and the number of T4 lymphocytes and beta 2 m level was found.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Influence of therapy with glucocorticosteroids on clinical status, t4 lymphocyte count and t4/t8 lymphocyte ratio in people infected with AIDS].

The influence of glucocorticosteroids (GKS) therapy on clinical status, T4 lymphocyte count in peripheral blood and T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio was investigated in five HIV infected patients: two were asymptomatic, while three had clinically overt disease. The reasons for GKS therapy were: thrombocytopenia in two patients, pancytopenia in two and sepsis with severe endocarditis in one. No influence of GKS on the clinical course of HIV infection was observed. The prospective determinations of T4 lymphocyte count and T4/T8 lymphocyte ratio were relatively constant in two cases, in one case increased and in two patients, one of whom had AIDS, a decrease in both parameters was observed. It seems that GKS therapy does not seriously influence the course of HIV infection in most patients and can be instituted without risk of severe worsening of the immune status.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1991

Lyophilized type-I collagen and chronic leg ulcers.

Lyophilized type I collagen (L.C.) can stimulate wound healing by recruiting a number of different cell types (i.e. platelets and macrophages) and proteins (i.e. fibronectin). Platelets and macrophages produce locally-acting growth factors that in turn induce fibroblast and epidermal migration, angiogenesis and increase matrix synthesis. Chronic leg ulcers (C.L.U.) are the end result of microvascular failure owing to ischemia and stasis. When L.C. has been used in the treatment of C.L.U. we have observed that: a) it is significantly more effective in stimulating the healing of chronic venous ulcers when compared to hydrocolloids (p less than .05), the two products being applied upon half of the same ulcer; b) in the treatment of C.L.U. due to arterial obstruction L.C. is more effective than hydrocolloids without achieving statistical significance; c) it is very effective in the treatment of C.L.U. in thalassaemic patients; d) telethermographic studies have demonstrated an increase of blood perfusion and histological studies have shown the stimulation of angiogenesis, fibropoiesis and epidermal growth; e) the application of L.C. determines the maximum obtainable increase also under conditions of proven cicatrization difficulty; and f) enzymatic degradation of L.C. has not promoted any bacterial infection and no local or generalized sensibilization phenomena have been observed. We can conclude that L.C. is a pharmacological approach to wound healing, directly interfering with cellular and non-cellular components, and significantly improves the reparative process when delayed.

Bandages, Hydrocolloid↗
PubMed1991

Tolerability and safety of clodronate therapy in bone diseases.

A review is made of 126 publications on clinical studies concerning the use of clodronate in the therapy of bone disease involving 1930 patients in order to evaluate the tolerability and the effects following the short-and long-term administration of this drug. The results of the large number of studies indicate that clodronate therapy does not have any clinically significant side-effects and confirm its tolerability and safety.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Effects of vitamin D metabolites and bisphosphonates on fibronectin release from monocyte-derived macrophages.

Fibronectin release from cultured macrophages, derived from human blood monocytes, was measured during incubation of the cells with increasing concentrations of vitamin D3 metabolites or of aminobutane bisphosphonate (AHButBP) or dichloromethylene bisphosphonate (Cl2MBP), two powerful inhibitors of bone resorption. The bisphosphonates significantly inhibited fibronectin release at 10(-8) M concentration and this inhibition was almost complete at 10(-5) M concentration. Opposite results were observed when the cells were incubated with vitamin D3 metabolites: the stimulation of fibronectin release was specific for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 relative to other vitamin D3 metabolites (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 greater than 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 greater than 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3).

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1991

[Central nervous system (CNS) in patients with AIDS].

We had analysed central nervous system disorders in 30 AIDS patients with neurological signs and symptoms. 17 out of them (56.7%) showed abnormal EEG where CT scan revealed organic changes in 13/17 of them. Moreover, autopsy showed macroscopic and or microscopic changes of CNS in 13 out of 15 (86, 67%) cases.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1991

The cellular mechanism of action of bisphosphonates.

Present understanding of the cellular mechanism of action of bisphosphonates as in vitro and in vivo inhibitors of bone resorption is reviewed. This mechanism appears to involve the osteoclast at more than one stage of its maturation process, and way well be receptor-mediated, although the molecular mechanism itself is thus far unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of Paget's disease of bone with aminohydroxybutylidene bisphosphonate.

This study examined the effects of aminohydroxybutylidene bisphosphonate in 30 patients with Paget's disease of bone, administered as an intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days. Treatment (5 mg IV daily) induced marked suppression of biochemical indices of disease activity. Urinary excretion of hydroxyproline fell to 50% of pretreatment values within 2 weeks and was followed by a similar, but later, decline in the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase. Disease activity remained suppressed throughout the 6 months of observation, and only 1 patients showed biochemical signs of an early relapse. Symptomatic improvement was noted in 27 of the 30 patients. Bone biopsies, undertaken in 10 patients, indicated no adverse effects on mineralization. Transient falls were noted in the total white cell count, particularly the lymphocyte and neutrophil fractions, and were associated with short-lived fever in 3 patients. We conclude that short courses of intravenous AHButBP provide a promising treatment for active Paget's disease of bone.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Regulation of calcium-parathyroid hormone feedback in primary hyperparathyroidism: effects of bisphosphonate treatment.

Dichloromethylene bisphosphonate (C12MBP), a powerful inhibitor of bone resorption, was administered to 27 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. It was given by either intravenous infusion (six patients, 500-100 mg day), or by intramuscular injection (six patients, 100-200 mg/day) or by mouth (15 patients, 1600-2400 mg/day) for 20-180 days. Sustained suppression of bone resorption was observed in all patients, as judged by a fall in the urinary hydroxyproline excretion. In contrast, the hypocalcaemic effect was inconsistent and short-lived, particularly in the patients without overt bone disease. The fall in serum calcium seemed largely to be due to a transient dissociation between bone resorption and bone formation and was associated with increases in circulating parathyroid hormone (PTH). In ten patients given the bisphosphonate orally for 6 months, serum calcium was unchanged but serum PTH was significantly raised. These results suggest that C12MBP may be of use for short-term correction of severe hypercalcaemia due to hyperparathyroidism, particularly in the patients with overt bone disease. However, its long-term use should not be recommended because of increased PTH secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Protective action of propionyl-L-carnitine on toxicity induced by hyperbaric oxygen.

The protective effect of propionyl-L-carnitine against hyperbaric oxygen toxicity was studied by in vivo experiments on mice. The treatment reduced both the percentage of animals with convulsions and the death rate. Tissue signs of toxicity and pulmonary weight increase were less marked in treated animals than in controls. Results may indicate that propionyl-L-carnitine needs to build up to critical levels in cells and mitochondria before its metabolic effects can be fully felt.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Hyperbaric oxygen- and ethanol-induced infiltration of rat hepatic triglycerides and the protective action of coenzyme A.

The ethanol-induced increased synthesis of fatty acids in the liver is enhanced by hyperbaric oxygen exposure. Both lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion are involved in these hepatic alterations. Coenzyme A can intervene in these mechanisms. The administration of CoA prevents hepatic lipid infiltration and the glutathione reduction induced in the rats by ethanol and hyperbaric oxygen exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Calcium antagonists: accounts on new perspectives of their use and an update on side effects].

Although calcium antagonists are drugs which have been introduced relatively recently, their use is already so widespread, at least in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as to represent one of the main therapies for diseases such as ischaemic cardiopathy, arterial hypertension, and, to a lesser extent, arrhythmias. Together with the development of clinical applications, deeper insight has been gained into the clinical and experimental pharmacology of these drugs. The authors of this review concentrate their attention on some of the less frequently discussed aspects of calcium antagonists. On the one hand, they describe some "nonprimary" uses of these drugs, both in the cardiovascular and in other therapeutic fields, which already receive confirmation from relatively solid experimental data. On the other hand, they review the side effects and some pharmacological interactions of calcium antagonists, both of which should be held in due consideration, seeing that these drugs are widely employed in clinical practice and their use often requires prolonged, intensive treatment. The most common side effects are described, together with others relatively less well known ones, and outline is given of potential undesirable effects on the cardiovascular as well as on other systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Clodronate therapy of metastatic bone disease in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Metastatic bone disease represents the most disabling complication in patients with prostatic carcinoma. In an open multicenter trial 80 out of 92 patients with bone metastasis due to prostatic carcinoma experienced a dramatic improvement of bone pain after treatment with 300 mg clodronate infused intravenously daily for 10 days. Further to this, 56 patients were randomly allocated to four single-blind controlled therapeutic trials, assessing bone pain by daily consumption of analgesic drugs and by visual analogue scale. In the first protocol the effects of 2 weeks' treatment with intravenous infusion of either 300 mg clodronate dissolved in 500 ml saline (7 patients) or 500 ml saline (6 patients) were compared. The differences in both pain score and analgesic consumption were so striking that the trial was not extended for ethical reasons and all patients on placebo were given clodronate intravenously. Oral administration of 1200 mg clodronate for 2 weeks was completely ineffective in 11 patients. Intramuscular administration of 100 mg clodronate for 2 weeks induced in 12 patients a significant fall in analgesic consumption but not in the pain score. In most of the 13 patients given clodronate intravenously for 2 weeks bone pain relapsed fairly soon. However, in 18 patients a maintenance therapy with 1200 mg clodronate/day for at least 6 weeks after a 2-week intravenous treatment course did prevent the relapse of bone pain. In all patients given clodronate routine biochemical examination was carried out during and after treatment. For an overall follow-up of 42 patient-years hematologic toxicity was never observed. These results confirm that clodronate represents the most effective and convenient conservative treatment of patients with painful bone metastasis from prostatic carcinoma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Serum digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin in elderly patients on hospital admission: correlation with home compliance and clinical variables.

Serum digoxin and beta-methyldigoxin (BMD) were measured in 165 elderly patients (age greater than 60 years) admitted to hospital, of whom 109 had been treated at home with digoxin and 56 with BMD. The mean BMD level was significantly lower than that of digoxin (1.1 vs. 1.4 ng/ml). Creatinine clearance and daily dose were the variables most strongly associated with digoxin level, and the prescribed dose and serum albumin were the best predictors of the BMD concentration. Compliance was assessed by a compliance index (CI), namely the ratio of the measured glycoside concentration, corrected for creatinine clearance, over the expected steady-state dose, calculated from a hospitalized reference group. Compliant individuals in both treatment groups, i.e. those with a CI greater than the median value, were characterized by a lower daily dose and dosage frequency. Toxicity, whether clinical or electrocardiographic, was present in 9% of the patients and was associated only with a significantly higher mean serum level of the drug.

Aged↗