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Biomedical subjects

M Muñoz

Publications and source records attributed to M Muñoz.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Villous adenoma of the duodenum. Presentation of a case].

A case of villous adenoma of the duodenum is presented; the wide implantation of the tumor imposed a cephalic duodenopancreatectomy. The endoscopic examination plays an important role in the diagnosis of these tumors, but it frequently; does not exclude the possibility of a malignant lesion, this fact renders difficult the choice of adequate treatment. We review the surgical approach of these tumors, which ranges from local resection to duodenopancreatectomy, depending on the pathological study and intraoperative findings.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Value of a chicken-based formula for refeeding of children with protracted diarrhea and malnutrition in a developing country.

Two hospital-made, lactose-free, hypoosmolar formulas were compared for therapy for 61 children aged 10-28 months who had severe malnutrition and protracted diarrhea. The formulas were isocaloric and contained dextrin-maltose, carrots, sunflower oil, minerals, and vitamins. One had chicken meat as the protein source and the other had hydrolyzed lactalbumin (LAD). Initially the formulas were given as a continuous enteral feeding by nasogastric tube and pump. Six patients died from metabolic and infectious complications: four failed to equilibrate and changed diet. The remaining 51 were divided into two groups; group A, chicken formula (n = 26), and group B, LAD formula (n = 25). The mean duration of diarrhea was similar in both groups; number of days with liquid stools = 6.0 +/- 4.1 in group A, 5.5 +/- 2.8 in group B; number of days with greater than 4 stools/day = 3.5 +/- 3.4 in group A, 4.1 +/- 2.1 in group B. The time until beginning nutritional recovery was 13.2 +/- 12.0 days in group A and 13.3 +/- 7.8 days in group B. Intercurrent infections were significantly more frequent in patients receiving chicken formula (12 of 30 patients) than in those receiving LAD formula (4 of 27 patients) (p less than 0.05). We conclude that chicken formula is an efficient substitute to expensive semielemental formulas for continuous enteral feeding of protracted diarrhea in severely malnourished children.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Adaptation of pancreatic amino acid transport in rats after treatment with the synthetic protease inhibitor camostat mesilate.

Exocrine pancreatic amino acid transport was studied following oral treatment of rats with the synthetic protease inhibitor camostat mesilate. Camostat (200 mg/kg/day) was administered via an orogastric tube for 10 days, and kinetics of amino acid transport were then examined in the isolated perfused pancreas using a dual-isotope dilution technique. Administration of camostat doubled the rate constant (Vmax/Kt) for L-phenylalanine transport via System L by increasing the Vmax from 12.3 +/- 0.4 (n = 12) to 19.6 +/- 2.2 mumol/min/g (n = 4). Although the Kt (35 +/- 2 mM, n = 4) and Vmax (47.7 +/- 1.6 mumol/min/g) for L-serine transport via System asc increased, the Vmax/Kt ratio decreased from a control value of 1.85 to 1.36. Increases in Kt (5 +/- 2 mM, n = 4) and Vmax (5.18 +/- 1.01 mumol/min/g) for L-lysine transport via System y+ were also detected but Vmax/Kt remained unchanged. In the presence of a low Na+ perfusate, influx of L-serine, L-phenylalanine, and L-lysine were inhibited between 36 and 50%. Treatment with camostat results in an increase in the rate and Na+-dependence of large neutral amino acid transport in the rat exocrine pancreas. Pancreatic growth induced by repeated oral administration of camostat appears to be accompanied by an enhanced uptake of precursor amino acids.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study comparing famotidine with cimetidine in the treatment of active duodenal ulcer disease.

The efficacy and safety of famotidine (40 mg at night), a new potent H2-receptor antagonist, has been studied in 119 patients by four investigators in four Spanish hospitals in a randomized double-blind comparative study with cimetidine (800 mg at night). Antacid tablets were allowed as additional treatment, if needed for pain relief. There were no significant differences between the groups in baseline characteristics, including duodenal ulcer size. Efficacy parameters included daytime and nocturnal symptom relief and duodenal ulcer healing, documented by endoscopy, and defined as complete reepithelization of the ulcer crater. Endoscopy was performed at baseline and after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. One hundred and five patients fulfilled the evaluation criteria (51 patients in the famotidine group and 54 in the cimetidine group). After 4 weeks, in 91.6% of the patients receiving famotidine and 82.3% of the patients receiving cimetidine ulcers were healed. After 6 weeks, healing rates were 96% (famotidine) and 85.1% (cimetidine) (p = 0.056). Pain relief was rapid in both treatment groups, with a tendency to better response during the day in the famotidine group. The intake of antacids, as well as the clinical and laboratory safety profile were similar for both groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Serum and tissue trace metal levels in lung cancer.

Copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium and iron were measured in serum and lung tissue - tumor mass and histologically nonneoplastic tissue - from lung cancer patients and compared with serum concentrations in healthy subjects and control lung tissue obtained from patients with nonmalignant lung disease. Lung cancer patients showed a significant increase in serum Cu and Cu/Zn ratio levels and decrease in serum Zn and Fe concentrations. These findings were correlated with TNM stage of the disease, but not with histologic type of tumor. Malignant lung tissue showed a higher level of Cu, Ca, Mg, and Cu/Zn ratio and lower Zn level than that found in control samples, as well as an increase in Cu, Mg and Cu/Zn ratio concentrations with regard to histologically nonneoplastic tissue samples from the same patient. Tissue concentration of trace metals was not significantly influenced either by histologic type of tumor or clinical TNM stage. Significant correlation coefficients between serum and tissue trace metal levels were not found.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

[Primary biliary cirrhosis in Navarra].

50 cases of PBC registered in Navarra during 1974-1987 were studied retrospectively. 38% of the diagnosis were carried out in the non-symptomatic period. There were no histological differences between symptomatic (2.24 +/- 1.16) periods. In the first group the delay in diagnosis was very high: 28.21 months, the jaundice being followed by itching of 11.65 months duration. The rate of PBC has increased progressively, rising to a global incidence of 25.15/million and 78.03/million for women over 25 years old. There figures are 3 and 9 times higher than those published in spanish and most foreign literature. We did not find any significant differences between the several health service areas in Navarra, nor between rural or urban areas. Our paper brings to the fore this question: is Navarra an area of especial prevalence of PBC or does it simply offer better diagnosis conditions?

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Papillomas of the esophagus: presentation of 5 cases and review of the literature].

Papilloma of the esophagus is an uncommon benign tumor. We report five cases, four diagnosed by gastroscopy and one on autopsy. Three were women and two men. All the tumors were located in the distal third, except one in the middle third. The average size was 0.5 cm. In four cases there was gastroesophageal reflux and in two there was also hiatal hernia. In one case there was koilocytosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dietary regulation of amino acid transport activity in the exocrine pancreatic epithelium.

Dietary-induced alterations in exocrine pancreatic amino acid transport were investigated in rats adapted for 14 days to isocaloric diets of varying casein and carbohydrate content. The kinetics of unidirectional (15 s) L-phenylalanine and L-lysine transport were measured relative to D-mannitol (extracellular tracer) in the perfused pancreas isolated from dietary adapted animals. In rats adapted to a 20% casein diet a weighted non-linear regression analysis of phenylalanine transport (1-24 mM) indicated an apparent Kt = 9.4 +/- 1.1 mM and Vmax = 14.8 +/- 0.9 mumol/min per g pancreas (n = 6). Saturation of lysine transport occurred at lower concentrations (0.05-10 mM) with an apparent Kt = 2.40 +/- 0.09 mM and Vmax = 2.44 +/- 0.18 mumol/min per g (n = 6). The characteristics of phenylalanine transport were modified after adaptation to either high (Kt = 3.6 +/- 1 mM, Vmax = 8.2 +/- 0.9 mumol/min per g, n = 3) or low (Kt = 4.2 +/- 0.9 mM, Vmax = 6.8 +/- 0.5 mumol/min per g, n = 3) carbohydrate diets. Increasing the dietary protein content (0-45% casein) led to a linear increase in the Kt for phenylalanine transport whereas Vmax values remained unchanged. Unlike phenylalanine, adaptation to a 0% casein diet significantly elevated the Vmax for lysine transport (4.82 +/- 0.21 mumol/min per g, n = 4) without altering the Kt (2.54 +/- 0.23 mM). The present findings suggest that changes in dietary composition induce select adaptive responses in the transport activities of System L (phenylalanine) and System y+ (lysine) in the basolateral membrane of the exocrine pancreatic epithelium.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Central distribution of the efferent cells and the primary afferent fibers of the trigeminal nerve in Pleurodeles waltlii (Amphibia, Urodela).

As part of a study on the organization of the brainstem in a primitive group of vertebrates, the efferent cells and primary afferent fibers of the urodele amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii were examined by means of retrograde and anterograde axonal transport and anterograde degeneration. The trigeminal motor nucleus is located in the periventricular gray just medial to the sulcus limitans. Its rostral part is a band of pear-shaped cells lying parallel to the wall of the ventricle, whereas its caudal part is a round mass consisting of polygonal cells. In addition, a small group of scattered neurons is situated ventral to the rostral part of the nucleus. The primary afferent fibers enter the brainstem in the dorsal two-thirds of the trigeminal root. They diverge into a short ascending and a long descending tract. The former distributes its axons to the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, which is an ill-defined cell group located at the ventrolateral edge of the periventricular gray. In the descending tract, the fibers of the ophthalmic nerve are predominantly located ventromedially, and those of the maxillomandibular nerve dorsolaterally. A fascicle of the ophthalmic nerve leaves the descending tract and, apparently, makes contact with the accessory abducens nucleus. The descending tract extends caudally into the three upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. The mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus consists of conspicuous large cells, which are scattered through the tectum of the mesencephalon. The cells with peripheral branches in the ophthalmic nerve are mainly located in the caudal half of the tectum, and those with peripheral branches in the maxillomandibular nerve in the rostral half. Collaterals of the central branches of the mesencephalic trigeminal system were traced to an area of the periventricular gray situated between the motor nucleus and the principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The area acustico-vestibularis of Discoglossus pictus. I. Cytoarchitecture and ultrastructure features.

The cytoarchitecture of the area acustico-vestibularis (AAV) in Discoglossus pictus is studied by means of normal stained material. In addition, the main ultrastructural features of the cells in the AAV are described. Basically, three different components are found: the dorsal, ventral and medial cell columns. While the two former are made up by the dorsal and ventral nuclei respectively, the medial column is formed by a rostrally located cerebellar nucleus and a caudal nucleus, which extends up to the obex level. The ultrastructure of the neurons in the AAV reveals a typical cell organization similar to that of other cell types in the anuran brain. Resemblances with vestibular cells of other vertebrates, together with certain own peculiarities are discussed. The most common synapses in the AAV are also commented.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The area acustico-vestibularis of Discoglossus pictus. II. The primary afferent projections.

In the present report the primary projections to the dorsal rhombencephalic alar plate (area acustico-vestibularis, AAV) of the adult anuran amphibian Discoglossus pictus have been studied by means of the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). As in Alytes cisternasii, other member of the family Discoglossidae, no primary afferent fibers to the AAV were found from nerves other than the VIIIth cranial nerve. No remanent of the lateral line system in the adult stage is present. The projections of the dorsal root of nerve VIIIth distribute over the dorsal nucleus and rostrally reach the aspect of the cerebellum. Caudally projects to the large cells of the ventral nucleus and terminate caudally, in the dorsolateral neuropil, at levels coincident with the IX motor nucleus. The projection of the ventral root also reaches the cerebellum in its lateral aspect but also fibers to the nucleus cerebelli were observed. The extensive projection to the ventral nucleus is also continued caudally to the caudal nucleus and ends around the solitary tract. Main terminal fields were located in two neuropils, one subventricular and other in an intermediate position. In addition, from both nerve branches, fibers leave the AAV and reach the reticular formation. Particularly, fibers from the posterior branch enter the superior olivary nucleus. Retrograde labeled neurons in the vicinity of the VII motor nucleus are interpreted as efferent cells to the labyrinth.

Animals↗