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Biomedical subjects

M N Islam

Publications and source records attributed to M N Islam.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Dietary fibre and coronary heart disease.

Intake of dietary fibres lowers plasma lipids. Fibres particularly soluble ones lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) without significant alteration in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglyccrol (TG). Consequently, the incidence of atherosclerotic heart diseases is lower in those who take high dietary fibre. Persons taking diet rich in saturated fat and poor in dietary fibre is more prone to develop coronary artery diseases. Dietary fibres also lower TC: HDL-C and LDL-C: HDL-C ratios. Higher TC: HDL-C and LDL-C: HDL-C ratios are in favour of development and progression of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, a pioneer cause of myocardial infarction (MI).

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed2002

Incidence and prognostic significance of right bundle branch block complicating acute myocardial infarction.

The incidence and hospital courseofacute myocardial infarction wereobserved among randomly selected 560 patients. The mean age of the patients was 53 +/- 6.67 years with male-female ratio 2.6:1. The incidence of right bundle branch block (RBBB) was 15% (84 out of 560 patients). New RBBB, old RBBB and RBBB of indeterminate age were observed in 33 (39.25%), 23 (27.40%) and 28 (33.25%) cases respectively. RBBB was isolated in 50 (60%) cases and bi-fascicular in remaining 34 (40%) cases. The rate of use of thrombolytic was greater in RBBB group than non-RBBB group (52% vs 30.67%, P < 0.05). The complications were more frequently observed in patients with RBBB: in-hospital mortality, 27.40% vs 10.90% (P < 0.01); use of temporary pacemaker, 15% vs 9% (P < 0.05); and heart failure, 50% vs 35% (P < 0.05). In sub-group analysis, in-hospital mortality rate was higher among bi-fascicular group than isolated RBBB group (P < 0.05). Thus it appeared from the results that the incidence of RBBB is relatively common i.e. 15% over all (84 out of 560) and 5.90% new (33 out of 560) and despite greater use of thrombolytics, some specific in-hospital complications were significantly higher in patients with RBBB than without, RBBB.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Isolation and serotyping of dengue viruses by mosquito inoculation technique from clinically suspected cases of dengue fever.

Dengue virus was isolated from 44 clinically suspected cases of dengue fever by mosquito inoculation technique using Aedes aegypti mosquito in the department of virology, BSMMU in the year 2000. Identification of dengue virus was done by direct fluorescent antibody technique using FITC conjugated anti-dengue monoclonal antibody and serotyping was carried out by indirect fluorescent antibody technique using serotype specific monoclonal anti-dengue antibody. The dengue virus isolation rate was 41.9%. The result of serotyping revealed circulation of all four serotypes of dengue viruses in Dhaka, Bangladesh and DEN-3 was the predominant (70.5%) serotype during the outbreak in 2000. The rate of isolation was higher in patient's serum at an early stage of fever (p<0.01) and with higher body temperature (p<0.01). The rate of isolation was 77.77% in patient's serum collected on the 1st day of fever, and then the rate gradually declined and lowest (16.6%) on the 5th day of fever. The mosquito inoculation technique is an easy, economical and sensitive method for dengue virus isolation and is recommended for routine virological surveillance in laboratories of Bangladesh where sophisticated facilities are limited.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Serum zinc and copper levels in the maternal blood and cord blood of neonates.

Estimation of serum zinc and copper in the maternal blood and cord blood of neonates was carried out to correlate the trace metals in the neonates and their mothers in relation to gestational age and birth weight. Sixty-five healthy neonates, both term and preterm and their mothers were selected. This cross sectional study was done at Azimpur Maternity Centre, Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 1997 to June 1998. The estimation of trace metals was carried out by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The mean serum zinc levels in the maternal blood and cord blood were 0.47 +/- 0.24 microgram/ml and 0.85 +/- 0.33 microgram/ml respectively and the mean copper levels in the maternal blood and cord blood were 1.37 +/- 0.62 micrograms/ml and 0.31 +/- 0.32 microgram/ml respectively. Cord blood zinc level was significantly higher and cord blood copper level was significantly lower than the corresponding maternal blood levels. There was no significant correlation between gestational age and serum zinc levels in the cord or maternal blood. But significant inverse correlation was found between gestational age and serum levels of copper in the maternal and cord blood.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed2001

The initial attachment of cemental fibrils to the root dentin surface in acellular and cellular cementogenesis in rat molars.

To elucidate the initial attachment mechanism of cemental fibrils to the root dentin surface in acellular and cellular cementogenesis, developing rat molars were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with NaOH maceration. The NaOH maceration was used to observe details of the positional association of cemental and dentinal fibrils during cementogenesis. An initial hematoxylin stained, cementum layer began to form on the root dentin surface with the first dentin mineralization in both acellular and cellular cementogenesis. The initial attachment of cemental fibrils to the dentin surface also began at this point. At the initial attachment the intermingling of cemental and dentinal fibrils occurred only in places. With advanced cementogenesis the initial cementum layer became the fibril-poor cemento-dentinal junction. This suggests that cemental fibrils attach on the initial cementum layer, and not directly on dentinal fibrils, so that the layer results in the fibril-poor cemento-dentinal junction. The present study suggests that an intervening adhesive is necessary for the cemento-dentinal attachment at any stage of cementogenesis in rat molars.

Aging↗
PubMed2001

A resin embedding method for transparent teeth with ink-infiltrated pulp cavities.

This study was designed to evaluate whether resin embedded transparent teeth are as convenient to use as classical transparent teeth. For this purpose demineralized human teeth were divided into coronal and radical portions, and pulp tissue was extracted from the pulp chamber and root canals, into which drawing ink was injected. After dehydration, the specimens were made transparent in methyl salicylate and immersed in polyester resin. The divided portions were recombined at the polymerization. The resin embedded teeth maintained transparency and the black-stained pulp chamber and root canals showed morphological details. The resin embedded specimens could be handled manually and observed freely from any angle. Previously, transparent teeth have been observed in transparent media through a capped glass bottle. In this respect the resin embedding method is superior to the classical method. The new method will be helpful for investigating root canal morphology.

Dental Pulp↗
PubMed2001

The fibrillar structure of the cemento-dentinal junction in different kinds of human teeth.

The cemento-dentinal junction was examined in human maxillary incisors, canines and premolars by scanning electron microscopy combined with NaOH maceration. The NaOH maceration was used to remove interfibrillar substances and to observe details of the fibrillar architecture. The teeth were half-sectioned longitudinally, demineralized and macerated for 3-4 days or for 10-14 days. In the 3-4 day-macerated specimens, longitudinal sections of the cemento-dentinal junction were examined. In the 10-14 day-macerated specimens, the cementum was detached and the inner cementum surface facing the cemento-dentinal junction was examined. Observations suggested that cemental fibrils intermingle with dentinal fibrils only in places at the cemento-dentinal junction in both acellular and cellular cementum. These structural features were consistent in all kinds of teeth investigated here. Using human molars, we have previously proposed that the adhesion of proteoglycans is a main factor for the cemento-dentinal attachment and that the fibril intermingling between dentin and cementum is an accessory or secondary factor. The present study suggests that this applies to other kinds of human teeth.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2000

Two distinct Alu-mediated deletions of the human ABO-secretor (FUT2) locus in Samoan and Bangladeshi populations.

The human secretor alpha(1,2) fucosyltransferase encoded by the FUT2 determines the production of ABO(H) antigens in secretions. Recent studies demonstrated the presence of several nonfunctional alleles in the FUT2. During the analysis for inactivating mutations at the FUT2 locus from 24 Samoan and 47 Bangladeshi individuals, we found two distinct Alu-mediated deletions of FUT2. The FUT2 deletion in a Bangladeshi population was identical with that found in Indian individuals with the Bombay phenotype (se(del)), but not associated with the null allele (T725G) of the H gene (FUT1). The FUT2 deletion in Samoans is a novel null allele (se(del2)). The junction region of se(del2) was successfully amplified using the same primers for the se(del) amplification. DNA sequencing of the junction region of the se(del2) indicated that there was a 32-bp sequence identity between DNA sequences surrounding the 5' and 3' breakpoints. The size of the deletion of the se(del2) was 9.3 kb, including the full coding region of FUT2. The frequency of the se(del) in a Bangladeshi population was 0.074, and that of the se(del2) in a Samoan population was 0.104. Hum Mutat 16:274, 2000.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed2000

The fibrillar structure of cementum and dentin at the cemento-dentinal junction in rat molars.

The cemento-dentinal junction was examined in demineralized rat molars with complete roots by scanning electron microscopy combined with NaOH maceration. It is established that the NaOH maceration removes interfibrillar substances and cells from connective tissues selectively without structural damage to collagen fibrils. The cementum was detached from the dentin by the maceration. The inner cementum surface facing the dentin and the outer dentin surface facing the cementum were observed. In acellular cementum, both the outer dentin surface and the inner cementum surface had a smooth appearance. There was little indication of fibrils intermingling between dentin and cementum. In contrast, both the inner cementum surface and outer dentin surface in cellular cementum had an uneven appearance due to the irregular arrangement of collagen fibrils. Point-like protrusions of fibril bundles were observed on both surfaces. Some (not all) of these point-like protrusions appeared to correspond to places of fibrillar intermingling between dentin and cementum.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Genetic analysis of the STR system D20S161 in Japanese and Bangladeshi.

The allele distributions of the STR locus D20S161 have been investigated in Japanese and Bangladeshi people. No deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in either population. D20S161 was found to be a polymorphic STR with seven alleles in Japanese and with six alleles in Bangladeshi. The distribution of allele frequencies in Japanese was very similar to that in Bangladeshi. The D20S161 system can be a potential marker for medicolegal individualization and paternity testing.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

The fibrous structure of the cemento-dentinal junction in human molars shown by scanning electron microscopy combined with NaOH-maceration.

The cemento dentinal junction was studied in acellular and cellular cementum of human mandibular third molars by scanning electron microscopy combined with NaOH-maceration. Scanning electron microscopy with NaOH-maceration was applied to observe the fibrous structure in detail through long sections of the cemento-dentinal junction. In macerated specimens, the cemento dentinal junction was a fibril-poor groove. Some cemental fibrils or fibril bundles penetrated the groove and appeared to intermingle with dentinal fibrils. Prolonged maceration caused detachment of the cemento-dentinal junction irrespective of fibril intermingling allowing observation of the inner cementum surface facing the root dentin. Observations suggested that the fibril intermingling was point-like and present only in places at the cemento-dentinal junction. It was established that NaOH-maceration removes interfibrillar substances effectively in connective tissues and does no damage to the collagen fibril structure and architecture. This study showed the 3-dimensional fibrous structure of the cemento-dentinal junction in human mandibular third molars, and suggested that interfibrillar adhesive substances are more important than the fibril intermingling for the cemento-dentinal attachment.

Caustics↗
PubMed2000

The fibrillar structure of cement lines on resorbed root surfaces of human teeth.

The cement lines between reparative cementum and resorbed dentin or cementum in human teeth were observed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with NaOH maceration. The NaOH maceration was used to remove interfibrillar substances and to observe the fibrillar architecture of the cement lines directly. Light microscopy showed that the cement lines were rich in proteoglycans with mucopolysaccharides, but deficient in collagen fibrils. The cement lines were artificially broken after treatment with hyaluronidase, which digests some of the mucopolysaccharides, but digests no collagen fibrils. Scanning electron microscopy showed that fibril intermingling occurred only in some places between reparative cementum and resorbed tissue. These findings suggested that the proteoglycans in cement lines mediate the attachment between new and old mineralized tissue.

Cytological Techniques↗
PubMed2000

Light and electron microscopic study of the initial attachment of principal fibers to the alveolar bone surface in rat molars.

This study was designed to observe the principal fibers and alveolar bone in various developmental stages in rat molars using light and transmission electron microscopy and to elucidate the mechanism of initial principal fiber attachment to the alveolar bone surface. Maxillary alveolar bone between the 2nd and 3rd molars of 20- and 25-day-old rats was used. A proteoglycan-rich, fiber-poor, and electron dense layer formed on the alveolar bone surface before the principal fiber organization. This layer was not seen before principal fibers had started to develop. Principal fibers first contacted and then became embedded in this layer. With further development, new bone deposited on this layer and around already attached principal fibers. These findings suggest that this electron dense, proteoglycan-rich layer may act as an adhesive factor to mediate the initial attachment of principal fibers to the alveolar bone surface.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2000

Medicolegal practice in Samoa: an inside view.

Samoa, considered the heart of Polynesia, has a medicolegal system with some limitations. There is a need to build a well-organized medicolegal service. The authors briefly outline the medicolegal system in Samoa from its beginning to the present and discuss future improvements.

Forensic Medicine↗
PubMed2000

Efficacy of sulphasalazine plus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.

Early intervention with slow acting anti-rheumatic drugs (SAARDs) has led to improvement in substantial proportion of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The present open, controlled study was designed to assess whether a combination of SAARDs offer any added benefit. Fifty-four adult RA patients were randomly allocated to methotrexate (MTX) (n = 27) and MTX plus sulphasalazine (SSZ) (n = 27) groups. The subjects were followed-up fortnightly for four weeks then monthly for six months. The disease activity was assessed with the help of 10 clinical and four laboratory indices. The improvement was graded as: minor, mild decreases in indices, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) continued, physician's global assessment (PGA) decreased by one; marked, acceptable decreases in indices, NSAIDs being taken sparingly, PGA decreased by at least 2, and complete, all indices normalised and patients discontinued NSAIDs completely. The improvement was considered clinically important when marked or complete improvement occurred. Adverse drug reactions resulted in withdrawal of 4 subjects from the MTX + SSZ group and 1 from the control groups. Four and three subjects in the combined and MTX groups respectively were lost to follow-up. Subjects in both groups showed significant decline in all indices except hemoglobin and neutrophil count. The differences between the two groups in the pre-treatment and post-treatment values were insignificant. Complete, marked, minor and no improvement occurred in 4 (21%), 12 (63%), 3 (16%) & 0 in the MTX and in 11 (48%), 7 (30%), 4 (17%) & 1 (4%) in MTX + SSZ groups respectively. The differences in the rates of complete and clinically important improvement between the two groups were insignificant (P 0.1398 and 0.7092). The incidence of side effects was insignificantly higher in the MTX + SSZ group. Most of them were mild and transient. The combination of SAARDs offered little added advantage in RA. However, the higher rate of complete improvement in the combination group justifies trials including larger samples.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effects of different intensities of cold stress on certain physiological phenomena related to skeletal health in a hypogonadal rat model.

Intestinal transference pattern of calcium and associated changes in the activities of intestinal mucosal enzymes, rate of bone turnover and bone metabolism were evaluated in ovariectomized rats exposed to cold stress of various intensities i.e., mild (15 degrees C) or stronger (8 degrees C and 4 degrees C) for 5 min everyday for 7 consecutive days. Except mild cold stress-induced group (15 degrees C), rats of other two groups (8 degrees C and 4 degrees C) showed considerable decrease in the rate of in situ intestinal transference of calcium. Likewise, in these groups, the activities of intestinal mucosal enzymes, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and calcium ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) were decreased significantly in all the segments of small intestine in a descending gradient. Also significant changes in bone turnover and bone resorption were confirmed in these animals by marked alterations in plasma AP activity, urinary calcium and phosphate excretion and urinary calcium to creatinine ratio (Ca: Cr). The skeletal changes were further ascertained by examining other physical and biochemical parameters of bone metabolism viz., body mass, bone density, ratio of mineral to matrix and mineral content of bone ash (calcium and phosphate) in the ovariectomized rat model. All these results suggest that stronger cold stress (8 degrees C and 4 degrees C) may be an important ecological factor in the development of earlier bone loss in hypogonadal rats.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2000

Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among drug addicts in Bangladesh.

This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among 266 drug users attending a drug-addiction treatment centre in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from November 1996 to April 1997. Of the 266 addicts, 129 were injectable drug users (IDUs), and 137 were non-injectable drug users (non-IDUs). The seroprevalences of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV antibodies among the IDUs were 8 (6.2%), 41 (31.8%), 15 (11.6%), and 32 (24.8%), and among the non-IDUs were 6 (4.4%), 33 (24.1%), 9 (6.6%), and 8 (5.8%) respectively. None of the drug users were positive for anti-HIV antibody. Although the prevalence of HBV infection did not significantly differ between the IDUs and the non-IDUs, the prevalence of HCV infection was significantly higher among the IDUs. Among the IDUs, the prevalence of both HBV and HCV infections was associated with sharing of needles and longer duration of injectable drugs used. The seroprevalence of HBV infection in both IDUs and non-IDUs was significantly higher among those who had a history of extramarital and premarital sex. The prevalence of HCV infection was not associated with sexual promiscuity. There was no association between the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections and age. Active preventive programmes focusing on educational campaigns among the youths against substance abuse should be undertaken.

Adolescent↗