PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Neumann

Publications and source records attributed to M Neumann.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The influence of autonomic diabetic neuropathy and human atrial natriuretic peptide on adrenal gland function in postural changes].

To investigate the influence of postural changes on plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma levels of human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) and on aldosterone in diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy, ten patients with diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy and ten patients with diabetes mellitus but without autonomic neuropathy were studied. Ten healthy subjects served as controls. Patients and controls were in supine position for 60 minutes, then changed posture sequentially to sitting (90 minutes) and to upright position (15 minutes). In controls, PRA was increased upon sitting and in the upright position, while hANP was decreased. Patients with autonomic neuropathy differed from controls in impaired renin stimulation, whereas in patients without autonomic neuropathy PRA responses to postural changes were only slightly decreased. In both groups of patients, the normal hANP responsiveness to postural changes was lacking. There were no differences in aldosterone levels between patients and controls. In patients with high basal hANP levels due to elevated systolic blood pressure renin responses to postural changes were decreased in comparison to those patients with low basal hANP levels. Thus, in patients with diabetes mellitus increased hANP levels which are not decreased in response to upright standing may contribute to the development of hyporeninism and its sequelae.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Short-term psychiatric hospitalization in an emergency room unit].

Short-term psychiatric hospitalization, developed during the past 2 decades, needs thorough evaluation with regard to its advantages. It is important to be able to identify those patients who might be aided by such treatment. Therefore the psychiatric emergency room physician should have at hand a model which would enable quick and relatively accurate decisions in identifying such patients. Our work shows that they are either without previous psychiatric history or had been admitted for less than 2 months; that they had suffered from depression, anxiety, personality disorder or addiction; that they had a substantial support system; and that when they had been treated, there had been good compliance with prescribed medication. On the other hand, those who probably would not benefit from short-term psychiatric hospitalization had a history of psychiatric hospitalization of usually more than 2 months; were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia or affective disorder; lacked substantial family support; and had poor compliance with medication. This data may aid the physician during the initial interview in the psychiatric emergency room in deciding on further treatment. We also found that psychiatric emergency room diagnoses are usually reliable; and that those whose only diagnosis was "for observation" had a fair chance of a successful result after short-term hospitalization (discharge directly from the emergency room unit). We therefore presume that a sharper characterization of patients referred to the psychiatric emergency room may aid in tailoring the most suitable treatment for any particular patient, thus reserving short-term hospitalization only for those who would benefit the most.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1991

[Tardive akathisia and tardive dyskinesia].

Akathisia and tardive dyskinesia are thought to be different entities, while tardive akathisia is considered a variant of akathisia. In the case presented, tardive akathisia first appeared when phenothiazine medication was stopped and then, following a cerebrovascular accident, tardive akathisia disappeared with the emergence of tardive dyskinesia. This case suggests the possibility of a relationship between these 2 disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

A beat-by-beat analysis of electrocardiograms from cardiac transplant recipients.

A software system is described for producing a beat-by-beat analysis of the electrocardiograms from patients after heart transplantation. Pacemaker spikes are automatically detected and eliminated from the signals. R waves are located by a robust and accurate two-step algorithm. Based on the variable length of single heart beats, the Fourier coefficients of three orthogonal surface leads and of two intracardiac leads are calculated beat-by-beat. Power spectra are then obtained by combining contributions from the variable fundamental frequency and its multiples (harmonics) into fixed frequency classes of 1 Hz width and averaging over 60-120 cardiac cycles. Additionally, averaged beat-by-beat power spectra are calculated for windowed QRS complexes and T waves. As by-products, single beat quantities, such as R-R and R-T intervals, averaged signals for all leads, and the orientational autocorrelation function of the electrical vector of the heart, are obtained. Following beat-by-beat evaluation, mean values and standard deviations are obtained for all quantities.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Topical flurbiprofen decreases burn wound-induced hypermetabolism and systemic lipid peroxidation.

We studied the effect of the topical application of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, flurbiprofen, on postburn hypermetabolism and systemic lipid peroxidation. Twelve sheep with a 15% total body surface third-degree burn were monitored over a 4-day postburn period. In six sheep, a single application of a 5% flurbiprofen cream was placed on the burn wound on day 3. Data were compared to both burned and nonburned controls (n = 6). All animals were killed on day 4. Oxygen consumption was increased at day 3 by 28% +/- 10% over the preburn value in all animals. Flurbiprofen significantly attenuated the increase in oxygen consumption, returning the value essentially to baseline by 12 hours after application. Lung and liver peroxidation, as measured by malondialdehyde, was significantly increased in the burned, nontreated sheep at day 4 from a control value of 45 +/- 9 and 110 +/- 12 to 60 +/- 6 and 310 +/- 71 nmol/gm tissue, respectively. In flurbiprofen-treated animals, values were 42 +/- 8 and 160 +/- 18 nmol/gm at day 4, significantly attenuated from burn alone. Protein-rich burn lymph flow remained fourfold increased in both groups, indicating a persistent increase in burn tissue vascular permeability, not modified by flurbiprofen. Burn wound biopsies revealed bacterial contents of less than 10(4) organisms/gram tissue in all animals. We conclude that topical flurbiprofen significantly decreases burn wound-induced systemic hypermetabolism and oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation seen at 3 days after burn injury, but does not attenuate the remaining local burn-wound vascular permeability.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

[Quality assurance in dynamic radiotherapy techniques].

Compared with conventional radiation treatment techniques, quality assurance for dynamic techniques has to consider additionally the variability of the movement parameters of the treatment unit. In this context the exactness and the reliability of the computer control are of special interest. In this paper the results of quality assurance for dynamic treatment techniques are reported. At first investigations concerning the reproducibility are carried out. Another test is the simulation of conventional moving beam techniques by external computer control. Further the differences between measured dose distributions of dynamic techniques and the distributions resulting from the sequence of fixed fields approximating these techniques are determined. Finally we compared measured and calculated dose distributions. The results of the investigations justify the introduction of dynamic radiation treatment techniques into clinical use.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Susceptibility of multidrug-resistant human leukemia cell lines to human interleukin 2-activated killer cells.

Considering the possibility to overcome drug resistance by other treatment strategies than chemotherapy we investigated the susceptibility of three independently selected multidrug-resistant sublines of the T-lymphoblastoid leukemic cell line CCRF-CEM to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. We found that two of the multidrug-resistant sublines were significantly less susceptible targets to LAK cells. A third one, however, was as susceptible as the parental CCRF-CEM cell line. Moreover, a multidrug-resistant subline that reverted to an almost drug-sensitive phenotype was observed to be also revertant for resistance against LAK cells. We found an inverse relationship between the expression of the mdr1 gene (P-glycoprotein) and the susceptibility to LAK cells. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, while increasing the drug sensitivity of a multidrug-resistant subline, did not induce a reversal of the suppression of LAK susceptibility. The possibility of enhanced resistance to LAK cells of multidrug-resistant cells should be taken into account when one is looking for therapy strategies to overcome multidrug resistance.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1990

Incorporation and effects of dietary eicosapentaenoate (20:5(n-3)) on plasma and erythrocyte lipids of the marmoset following dietary supplementation with differing levels of linoleic acid.

The effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5(n-3), as the ethyl ester) on plasma lipid levels and the incorporation of EPA into erythrocyte and plasma lipids were investigated in the marmoset monkey. Marmosets were fed high mixed-fat diets (14.5% total fat) supplemented with or without 0.8% EPA for 30 weeks. Markedly elevated plasma cholesterol (16.4 mmol/l) was induced by an atherogenic-type diet but with EPA supplementation, plasma cholesterol increased to only 6.6 mmol/l. Plasma triacylglycerol levels were not elevated with an atherogenic type diet. Substantial EPA incorporation was evident for plasma phospholipid, triacylglycerol and cholesterol ester fractions. The proportion of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5(n-3)) but not docosahexaenoic acid (22:6(n-3)) was also elevated in these plasma lipid fractions. Greatest incorporation of EPA occurred when it was administered with an atherogenic type diet having a P:M:S (polyunsaturated:monounsaturated:saturated) fatty acid ratio of about 0.2:0.6:1.0 in comparison to the control diet of 1.0:1.0:1.0. Incorporation of EPA and 22:5(n-3)) into erythrocyte phospholipids was also apparent and this was at the expense of linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)). These results in the marmoset highlight both the cholesterol-lowering properties of EPA and the extent of its incorporation into plasma lipids and erythrocyte membrane phospholipids with far greater incorporation occurring when the level of dietary linoleic acid was reduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Serum neuron-specific enolase is a useful tumor marker for small cell lung cancer.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) may be potentially curable. A correct diagnosis of cancer cell type is important and serum markers are of great value. Although several markers have been suggested, they have been of limited value because of insufficient specificity. To assess the value of serum neuron-specific enolase (S-NSE) as a possible marker of SCLC, the serum levels of 81 patients with SCLC (59 patients with extensive disease and 22 patients with limited disease) were compared with the serum levels of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (N-SCLC) and 93 patients with nonmalignant lung diseases. The S-NSE level also was measured in 104 patients with extensive disease of various other malignancies, including 71 solid tumors and 33 malignant hematologic disorders. From 105 healthy control subjects, the upper limit of the normal range (x + 2 standard deviations [SD]) was determined as 12.3 ng/ml. The S-NSE level was elevated in 78% of patients with SCLC, including 11 of 22 (50%) with limited disease and 52 of 59 (88%) with extensive disease. In contrast, the S-NSE level was raised only in 18% of patients with advanced N-SCLC (nine of 50) and 6% of patients with nonmalignant lung diseases (six of 93). Twelve patients (17%) with other solid malignant tumors and two patients (6%) with malignant hematologic disorders had raised S-NSE levels. Serial N-NSE levels were obtained in 13 patients with SCLC. S-NSE levels fell in all patients responding to chemotherapy and increased again with progression of disease. Our results indicate that S-NSE seems to be specific for SCLC (85%), whereas sensitivity seems to be dependent on the stage of disease. Further, S-NSE may be a useful marker for monitoring treatment and predicting relapse in patients with SCLC.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1990

High-frequency pulsation (HFP) in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome.

A patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) developed a respiratory crisis despite recurrent treatment with plasma exchange. Thus mechanical ventilatory support became necessary. As an alternative to conventional ventilatory techniques high-frequency pulsation (HFP), a modified high-frequency jet-ventilation technique was used. According to the observations HFP may be a valuable technique for the continuous adaptation to the patient's individual respiratory demands in GBS.

Adult↗