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Biomedical subjects

M Niimoto

Publications and source records attributed to M Niimoto.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effects of Levamisole in adjuvant immunochemotherapy for gastric cancer; a prospective randomized controlled study.

The effectiveness of Levamisole combined with Mitomycin-C, FT-207 and PS-K for treating gastric cancer was investigated in a prospective randomized controlled study. All patients had undergone gastrectomy during the years from August 1977 to November 1980. Five year survival rates revealed no difference between groups given or not given Levamisole. In those with positive lymph node metastases plus obvious serosal invasion, there was a significant elevation in the survival rate at four years after gastrectomy. The effectiveness of Levamisole was confirmed by postoperative changes in the PPD skin test, lymphocyte blastogenesis to PHA and serum inhibition index.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1983

Clinico-pathological studies on ovarian metastasis from gastric cancer.

Thirty autopsied female patients with gastric cancer were investigated clinico-pathologically, regarding ovarian metastases. According to the histological pattern of the ovarian metastases, there were five types; no-metastasis in five, capsular type (cancer involvement confined to the capsule) in three, hilar type (carcinoma is evident in the hilus but not in the cortex or medulla) in four, multifocal type (multifocal growth of cancer in the cortex and/or medulla) in eight and diffuse type (diffuse proliferation of cancer) in ten. Although marked peritoneal dissemination was noted in 27, the capsule of the ovaries was usually intact. These results suggest that in the development of ovarian metastasis, cancer cells first reach the hilus, then spread into the medulla or cortex multifocally, and later grow diffusely. While cancer cells reach and cover the capsule of the ovary in many instances, they seldom break and invade it. All seven patients, except one unknown patient, with no-metastasis and with the capsular type were postmenopausal, while one hilar, two multifocal and five diffuse type women were premenopausal. This indicates an "affinity" of ovarian tissue for cancer cells, in younger patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Cancer chemotherapy in the field of surgery--with special reference to stomach cancer].

The history of adjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer in Japan was overviewed. As the most important trials of the early days, the trials of Imanaga Group (Cooperative Study Group supported by the grants from the Ministry of Health and Welfare) and of National Cancer Center Hospital were presented with final results. Furthermore, as the recent trials, the results of Cooperative Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer in Japan (organized by Prof. K. Inokuchi) and of our study at Hiroshima University Hospital were presented. More than ten years has passed since the above early trials took place and the increase of five-year survival rate was clearly demonstrated in comparing the results obtained earlier days and current ones especially in stage III cases. This increase is attributed to the advances of cancer chemotherapy in the province of surgery.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of chemotherapy for resected stomach cancer: second-look operation].

During the period from Jun. 1973 to Dec. 1981, seven hundred and three patients with primary gastric cancer have undergone gastrectomy at the Surgical Department, Research Institute for Nuclear Medicine & Biology, Hiroshima University. As adjuvant immunochemotherapy, large dose of Mitomycin C was routinely administered; 20 mg on the day of gasrectomy and additional 10 mg on the next day, intravenously. Furthermore, PS-K, a protein-bound polysaccharide, and/or Tegafur were administered for a prolonged period of time. Two hundred and forty of 703 patients were non-curatively resected cases. The factors by which gastrectomy was limited to non-curative resection at the primary gastrectomy were peritoneal dissemintions, liver metastases or invasions to the contiguous organs. Of the 244 patients, 17 were re-laparotomized and at the same time the evaluation of the chemotherapeutic effects was investigated. Of these 17, six patients were administered with large dose OK-432, preparation of Bac. streptococcus hemolyticus, intratumorally or intraperitoneally. In three patients, Intraabdominal patching with Adriamycin (ADM) was performed the direct cytocidal activities and strong stickiness of this drug to the malignant cells. From the findings of relaparotomy, it was suggested that large dose OK-432 administration or ADM patching was effective for peritoneal disseminations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Management of rectal and ureteral obstruction following gastrointestinal cancer].

During the period from June 1973 to August 1982, thirteen patients with gastric cancer and seven patients with colorectal cancer received surgical treatment due to the obstruction of the rectum or ureter. Of thirteen gastric cancer patients, 11 underwent the formation of the artificial anus for rectal obstruction. Nephrostomy was performed in 4 gastric cancer patients with ureteral obstruction. Seven patients with colorectal cancer underwent the formation of the artificial anus for rectal obstruction. In the recurrent cancer of the gastrointestinal tract, obstruction of the rectum or ureter mainly occurred due to peritoneal invasion or tumor formation. During laparotomy, OK-432, a Streptococcal preparation, was administered with a large dose of 100 K. E. to the patients with advanced or recurrent cancer foci. The prognosis for those patients was poor, and the main reason for poor survival was the advancement of disease in the cases of rectal or ureteral obstruction.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy of stomach cancer--randomized controlled study of MMC-tegafur combination therapy with or without levamisole. 1].

The effects of levamisole used in combination with Mitomycin C and Tegafur in patients with resectable stomach cancer were investigated in 10 cooperative institutes. The patients were randomly allocated to the treatment with either control or levamisole by envelope method. Levamisole group was treated with Mitomycin C (day 0, 20 mg, day 1, 10 mg, one shot i.v.), Tegafur (600 mg/day, p.o.) and levamisole (150 mg/day, p.o.). Levamisole was administered 3 consecutive days prior to surgery, and 3 consecutive days every fortnight after surgery. The control group was administered Mitomycin C and Tegafur. The both drugs were administered by the same method as above. Two hundred and twenty-two patients were entered in this trial. However, with the exclusion of 67 patients, the eligible patients were 155, consisting of 77 in the control group and 78 in the levamisole group. In stage III patients, the disease-free interval and survival time were significantly prolonged in the levamisole group compared to the control group (generalized Wilcoxon test p less than 0.05). The side effects were observed a little more frequently in the levamisole group. However, there was no significant difference. From this result, it can be considered that levamisole is effective in delaying recurrence and in prolonging survival time of the patients when used in combination with adjuvant chemotherapy after resection of stomach cancer.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of levamisole in postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy of stomach cancer--randomized controlled study of MMC-5-FU combination therapy with or without levamisole. 1].

A randomized controlled study by envelope method was carried out with the purpose of evaluating effects and side effects of levamisole in patients with resectable stomach cancer. The patients were randomly allocated to the treatment either with control or levamisole according to the indication of the envelope opened at least 3 days prior to surgery. The control group was treated with Mitomycin C (day 0, 20 mg day 1, 10 mg, one shot i.v.) and 5-FU(150 mg/day, p.o.). The levamisole group was treated with Mitomycin C, 5-FU and levamisole. Levamisole was administered at a daily dose of 150 mg for 3 consecutive days before surgery, and the 3 consecutive days administration schedule was repeated every fortnight for one year after surgery. Four hundred and forty-six patients were entered in this trial. However, with the exclusion of 104 patients as exceptions and dropouts, the total eligible patients were 342, consisting of 167 in the control group and 175 in the levamisole group. The effects were evaluated by comparing the disease-free interval or the survival time of both groups. There was no significant difference in the disease-free interval and survival. In this study, we have not yet reached the conclusion that levamisole is effective in prolonging disease-free interval and survival time, because high survival rates are still maintained in both groups for 2 years after surgery. The final conclusion would be drawn with the follow-up results in the future.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1981

Comparative studies on cytological and histological evaluations of disseminating peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer.

Macroscopic disseminating peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer (P) was investigated in relation to its compatibility with microscopic findings (p) in 52 (P1 19, P2 21, P3 12) cases among 240 gastrectomized cases by cytological, histological, clinical and postmortem findings. In total, numbers of the evaluations for yes (P is p), probable (P is probably p), possible (P is possibly p), probably not (P is probably not p) and no (P is not p) were 28 (53.8%), 8 (15.4%), 14 (26.9%), 2 (3.8%) and 0, respectively, These results indicate that macroscopic disseminating peritoneal metastasis is compatible with microscopic findings, in most cases. Although histology is the most contributory factor for the evaluation of peritoneal dissemination, cytology of lavaged saline from the Douglas pouch also is important.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Biopsy of the breast.

A study on surgical biopsy for treatment of breast cancer was done by sending out questionnaires to membership institutions of the Japan Mammary Cancer Society. The problems related to diagnostic biopsy of the breast mainly concern the following two points; the first is the methodology, incisional or excisional, the second, whether delay between biopsy and radical mastectomy influences survival. The prognostic features in patients with excisional biopsy were significantly superior. The prognostic features in patients with excisional biopsy were significantly superior. As for the lapse of time between biopsy and radical mastectomy, 14 days were considered safe, and under conditions such as T2 or n0, this maximum was 7 days.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1980

Concanavalin A-activated suppressor cell activity in gastric cancer patients.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from both normal donors and gastric cancer patients contained suppressor cells which could be activated by concanavalin A (Con A) to suppress the proliferative response of lymphocytes from a normal donor. Con A-activated suppressor cells resided in the E rosette-forming cell fraction. An apparent inverse relationship was found between Con A-activated suppressor cell activity and lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. Significant increases of suppressor cell activities were found in advanced gastric cancer patients. These activities decreased remarkably after surgical resection of the primary tumors. It is likely that nonspecific suppressor cells represent one of the major factors inducing immunosuppression in gastric cancer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Post-operative long-term adjuvant immunochemotherapy with mitomycin-C, PSK and FT-207 in gastric cancer patients.

Long-term adjuvant immunochemotherapy carried out on the gastrectomized patients with stomach cancer was reported. The protocol comprises the administration of large-dose of Mitomycin-C (20+10) mg just after gastrectomy and the long-term administration of PSK, FT-207 or (PSK+FT-207). Almost no side effects were observed. According to the studies on the immunological parameters, the increased reactions in PPD skin test and lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by PHA and PWM were observed remarkably in group (P+F) 3 or 6 months after gastrectomy. As for the survival rate, group (P+F) showed the most preferable results at one year in stage IV, at two years in stage III and at three years in all the stages, respectively after gastrectomy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

Correlation between lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens and results of chemo-immunotherapy in patients with advanced cancer.

The effect of chemo-immunotherapy on lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was investigated in patients with advanced cancer. Patients received OK-432, a streptococcal preparation, intratumorally and additional systemic MFC (mitomycin-C, 5-fluorouracil, and cytosine arabinoside) chemotherapy intravenously. Patients with high lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens at the beginning of treatment were more responsive to chemo-immunotherapy than those with low responsiveness. Furthermore, lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA was maintained at a high level throughout the treatment. In contrast, patients with initially depressed lymphocyte responsiveness maintained low responsiveness throughout the treatment. A significant increase of inhibitory activity of the serum was observed in patients with poor results of treatment. From these results, it seems reasonable to conclude that the response to chemo-immunotherapy might be predicted by in-vitro lymphocyte responsiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of chemotherapeutic effects on gastric cancer in relation to the histological pattern.

A combination of MFC (Mitomycin-C, 5-FU and Cytosine arabinoside) was administered to 32 gastric cancer patients and study was made of the therapeutic efficacy in relation to the histological pattern. In evaluation based on the degree of cancer cell infiltration (INF), chemotherapy was more effective in cases with INF alpha and beta than those with INF gamma. As for the grade of follicular hyperplasia in regional lymph nodes of gastric cancer, the higher was the grade, the more effective was the chemotherapy. However, a significant relationship could not be observed between histological pattern of stromal reaction of the gastric cancer and clinical effects of chemotherapy. The grade of lymphocyte infiltration or connective tissue reaction in the stroma was not related with the therapeutic effects. No relationship was also obtained between the grade of sinus histiocytosis of lymphoid reaction in the lymph nodes and therapeutic effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Mixed lymphocyte--tumor cell culture reaction in cancer patients.

To measure immunological reactivity or recognition of tumor antigens, mixed lymphocyte--tumor cell culture reaction (MLTR) was studied using a micromethod. The peripheral lymphocytes of cancer patients were mixed in vitro with autochthonous tumor cells that had been irradiated with 60Co at a dose of 6,000 rad just before use. The lymphocyte blastogenic response was estimated by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in the acid-insoluble fraction and expressed as counts per minute. The stimulation index equal to or greater than 2.0 was arbitrarily expressed as positive blastogenic response in the present experiment. Positive blastogenic responses to autochthonous tumor cells were observed in 10 of 34 patients with various solid tumors. The intensity of blastogenic response to tumor cells was correlated with that of the non-specific responses to PHA (r=0.4732, P less than 0.01). These results indicated that non-self tumor-associated antigens, which could induce in vitro blastogenic response of autologous lymphocytes, were present in some part of human tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and serum inhibitory effect in patients with gastric cancer.

The in vitro lymphocyte response to PHA was determined in patients with gastric cancer in various stages prior to the surgical treatment. The lymphocyte responsiveness in the presence of homologous pooled AB serum in patients of stages II, III and IV were markedly reduced as compared with that in healthy controls (stages II, III; p less than 0.05, stage IV; p less than 0.01). Inhibition of normal lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA by serum from patients in stages III and IV were statistically significant only in the advanced stage. It was concluded that the suppression of the immune response in the early stage of gastric cancer was mainly due to the impairment of lymphocyte itself, which advanced with the progress of the stage and was modified by the serum inhibitory effect in advanced stages. In patients with advanced cancer, the higher was the lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA and PWM prior to the initial treatment, the more effective was the immunotherapy. This shows that the indication of the immunotherapy in patients with advanced cancer could be initiated. Furthermore, the correlation between the lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA and the clinical results of immunotherapy was discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Experimental study on the effect of large-dose intratumoral OK-432 administration in mice.

This experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of a large-dose intratumoral administration of OK-432, which has already been found to be effective when combined with Mitomycin-C, 5-fluorouracil, and cytosine arabinoside, and/or small-dose of OK-432 in clinical use. Large-dose of OK-432 was administered intratumorally 15 days after the subcutaneous inoculation of 2.5 X 10(6) Ehrlich carcinoma cells. At the same time, 2.5 X 10(6) tumor cells were re-challenged intraperitoneally. A combined treatment with a small-dose of OK-432 and Mitomycin-C, cyclophosphamide, or 5-fluorouracil was also made. As a large-dose of OK-432, three-dose regimen of 1,000, 500, and 100 KE/kg was tested. As a small-dose of OK-432, 4 consecutive daily intramuscular injection of 50 KE/kg was examined. From the results obtained the initial intratumoral administration of a large-dose of OK=432 was found to be beneficial for the following combined treatment with a small-dose of OK-432 and Mitomycin-C or cyclophosphamide. The change of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness of spleen cells after intratumoral injection of a large-dose of OK-432 was investigated in mice. These results indicated a decrease of PHA responsiveness of spleen cells according to the tumor growth. The intratumoral large-dose administration of OK-432 suggested inhibition of the decrease in PHA responsiveness. The most effective and suitable dose in this experiment was found to be 500 KE/kg in the three-dose regimen.

Animals↗