Low incidence of pulmonary Pseudomonas cepacia infection in Danish cystic fibrosis patients.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Nir
Publications and source records attributed to M Nir.
Screening method for beta-lactamase substrate profiles.
A disc diffusion method, based on the idea of Klundert, for screening of substrate profiles of beta-lactamases was developed in order to perform epidemiological studies. The method was tested against 30 different reference beta-lactamases and 59 clinical isolates known to produce TEM-1, SHV-1 and BRO-1. The reproducibility and discriminating power of the disc diffusion method made it possible to differentiate between eight types of substrate profiles for the 30 reference beta-lactamases and to differentiate between TEM-1, SHV-1 and BRO-1 from clinical isolates. In combination with analytical isoelectric focusing the disc diffusion method gives a reliable identification of beta-lactamases.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
beta-lactamases in Shigella.
The occurrence of resistance and production of beta-lactamases was investigated in 60 Shigella strains. Ampicillin resistance was found in 28 (47%) of the isolates, the resistance being more frequent in Sh. flexneri than in Sh. sonnei. All strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, mecillinam, and ciprofloxacin. The beta-lactamases produced by Shigella were similar to TEM-1, OXA-1, or the low-level chromosomally mediated cephalosporinase produced by Escherichia coli. The beta-lactamases produced by Sh. flexneri were most often the OXA-1-like enzymes.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Severity of cystic fibrosis in patients homozygous and heterozygous for delta F508 mutation.
To assess the relation between genotype and severity of disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) the frequencies and extent of several features of its phenotypic expression were investigated in the 235 patients who attend the Danish CF Centre. 14 patients who attend irregularly and 3 who do not carry the delta F508 mutation at all were excluded. The case-reports of the remaining 218 patients (aged 4 months to 41 years) were carefully evaluated, and they were all analysed for the delta F508 mutation. 172 (79%) were homozygous for delta F508 and 46 (20%) were heterozygous. The mutation therefore occurs on 89% of the chromosomes analysed. There were no significant differences between the homozygous and heterozygous groups in the proportions with meconium ileus at birth, liver involvement, or chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. However, significantly more of the homozygous patients had onset of symptoms before the age of 6 months (p less than 0.025); they were significantly younger at diagnosis (p = 0.013) and centre referral (p = 0.006); they required greater pancreatic enzyme substitution (p = 0.0002) and had poorer lung function; and the calculated yearly incidence of chronic Ps aeruginosa infection and yearly mortality rates were greater than in heterozygous patients (p = 0.0001).
Adolescent↗
Should aerobic blood cultures be shaken intermittently or continuously?
Stationary incubation of aerobic blood cultures was compared with intermittent shaking in aerobic Vacutainer 2630 bottles with agar slants during the first 24 h, and was simultaneously compared with the continuously shaken aerobic Bactec 6A bottles as a reference system. Intermittent shaking did not significantly increase or decrease the seven days yield of the Vacutainer bottles as compared with the continuously agitated Bactec 6A bottles. When one of 604 paired Vacutainer bottles was agitated for eight h and the other incubated stationary, the speed of growth detection was significantly greater in the agitated bottle (p less than 0.001), but significantly less than with continuously agitated Bactec 6A bottles (p less than 0.001). Agitation for 14 h showed the same pattern of detection speed. These results suggest that it is desirable initially to agitate aerobic blood cultures either intermittently or continuously.
Aerobiosis↗
Antiperoxidative enzymes in Retama and their seasonal variation.
The antiperoxidative enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase and catalase and the content of the antioxidants ascorbate and glutathione were followed in the legume Retama (Retama reatem) in the desert. Antiperoxidative enzymatic activities and antioxidants content were related to seasonal variations in irradiance and precipitation. Retama was found to possess a very efficient removal mechanism for hydrogen peroxide as was shown by the high catalase activity and the high affinity of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway enzymes to their substrates. The increase in irradiance during the spring (March to May) was accompanied by increasing antioxidative enzymatic activities and ascorbate content. A marked enhancement in catalase activity also accompanied the increased light intensity during the spring. Changes in the enzymatic activities of the ascorbate-glutathione pathway followed the increased ascorbate content. These results suggest that physiological adaptation of Retama involves efficient H2O2 removal mechanisms which respond to different seasonal and environmental stresses.
Ascorbate Peroxidases↗
Comparison between Bactec Nr. 660 and a conventional 12-tube blood culture system.
The detection power of the automated blood culture system Bactec NR 660, based on infrared detection of carbon dioxide in an agitated aerobic medium and a non-agitated anaerobic medium, was compared with that of our conventional 12-tube blood culture system. Of 1685 paired blood cultures, 258 (15.3%) were positive in one or both systems. Clinically relevant isolates were found in 11.5%. The dominating species were Escherichia coli(41%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus(14%) and Klebsiella spp.(8%). The Bactec system detected 178 (10.6%) and the 12-tube system 157 (9.3%) clinically relevant microorganisms after seven days' incubation. Significantly more clinically relevant isolates were detected by the Bactec system alone as compared with the conventional system alone (40 versus 19, p less than 0.01). The detection time was significantly shorter in the Bactec system for all isolates and for E. coli and S. aureus separately (p less than 0.01). 1.8% of the isolates in the Bactec system and 2.1% in the 12-tube system were considered clinically non-relevant contaminants.
Autoanalysis↗
Evaluation of Stuart's transport medium containing penicillinase. An in vitro study. Brief report.
An in vitro study was performed to evaluate the value of penicillinase in Stuart's transport medium. Swabs were taken from serum broth cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Proteus rettgeri, incubated with cefuroxime. Following 24 hours' storage in the transport medium, the recovery of P. rettgeri was significantly higher from Stuart's transport media containing penicillinase in a concentration of 100,000 units/ml, than from swabs stored in Stuart's medium without penicillinase. Although susceptible to cefuroxime, we did not find the same effect on S. aureus and E. coli, presumably because these strains had higher MIC values than the P. rettgeri strain tested.
Bacteria↗
Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia.
Progressive symmetric erythrokeratodermia is a rare disorder of keratinization manifested by hyperkeratotic plaques on an erythematous base. Familial cases have not been reported. The following is, to our knowledge, the first report of a case from America, as well as the first involving a black child.
Child, Preschool↗
[Dermatitis herpetiformis as a presenting sign of pulmonary malignancy].
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Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗