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M Nurmi

Publications and source records attributed to M Nurmi.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of calcitonin on the alcohol drinking of rats.

Previous work has shown that calcitonin inhibits eating by rats and that it affects several neurotransmitter systems suspected to play a role in alcohol consumption. The present study was an initial test of whether calcitonin does affect voluntary alcohol consumption by male Wistar rats with prolonged alcohol experience. Calcitonin (20 IU/kg) or saline was injected subcutaneously on 10 consecutive days when the rats (n = 20) had continual access to 10% (v/v) ethanol solution, and to food and water. Using a cross-over design, the effects of 40 IU/kg calcitonin vs. saline were then examined in a second 10-day treatment period. Similar patterns of effects were obtained with both calcitonin doses, but the patterns differed with alcohol, food, and water intake. Alcohol drinking showed biphasic changes with both doses, producing highly significant Treatment x Day interactions (p < 1E-10 and p = 6E-7): it was significantly reduced on the first day of calcitonin treatment and significantly increased on the last few days. Food intake was reduced on all calcitonin days although most markedly on the first. Water drinking was not altered on the first calcitonin day, but was greatly increased on the second, then gradually returned toward the baseline. In a second experiment, the animals were switched to 1 hr of alcohol access per day, and calcitonin (20 IU/kg) was administered periodically to one group 4 hr before the alcohol access. Alcohol drinking was significantly reduced in all cases when the calcitonin injection was preceded by at least 1 day without calcitonin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

Prostate-specific antigen in the follow-up of prostatic adenocarcinoma treated with external beam radiation.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been shown to be a more sensitive tumor marker than prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in prostatic adenocarcinoma: PSA was positive in 54 of our 117 patients (46%) and PAP was positive in 24 (21%). In order to compare the usefulness of these markers during and after radiotherapy serum samples from 24 patients treated with external beam irradiation were analyzed. PAP was only slightly positive in 1 patient (4%) after radiotherapy. His PSA level was highly elevated and he died of progressive disease. In the other 23 patients the cancer was in local control. However, the serum PSA level remained positive in 5 of these patients indicating vital cancer cells may still have been present. An alternative possibility is that metaplastic prostatic cells which secrete PSA were left after radiotherapy, as has been shown to be the case in prostatic hyperplasia. Before radiotherapy increased PSA levels were measured in 3 patients. In 2 of them the level declined to normal within 6 months after radiotherapy. The PAP levels were normal. It is concluded that PSA (positive in 25% of patients after radiotherapy) might be more sensitive than PAP (positive in 4%) in monitoring the effect of radiotherapy in prostatic cancer patients.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Intravesical epirubicin with and without verapamil for the prophylaxis of superficial bladder tumours.

Seventy-five patients with recurrent bladder carcinoma were randomized after electroresection to receive either epirubicin (E) or epirubicin + verapamil (E + V) instillation of the bladder at regular intervals for 2 years. Samples of the bladder wall, tumour tissue and peripheral blood were taken from 20 patients. The average follow-up period was 21 months. Fifty per cent of the patients in the E group and 37% in the E + V group developed recurrent tumours. Recurrence rates (RR) were 6.3 and 4.7, respectively. Before the instillation therapy the RR was 16.0. There was a highly significant reduction of RR during the instillation therapies; in group E p less than 0.005 and in group E + V p less than 0.001. The difference between the treatment groups was not statistically significant. Verapamil increased epirubicin concentrations in both the bladder wall and the tumour tissue, but did not affect concentrations in the peripheral blood. Side effects were few and did not lead to discontinuation of treatment.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1991

Radiologic findings in renal oncocytoma.

The imaging findings of 36 renal oncocytomas in 32 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Twenty-two patients underwent ultrasound (US), 16 CT, 25 angiography, 19 urography, and 6 fine-needle biopsy. At US 8 of the oncocytomas were isoechoic, 7 hyperechoic, and 7 hypoechoic. The structure was homogeneous in 59% and nonhomogeneous in 41%. At plain CT 12 oncocytomas were homogeneously hypodense, 3 isodense, and one hyperdense. Contrast enhancement was homogeneous in 10 and inhomogeneous in 4 cases. A stellate scar was detected in one case, and in one case a contrast study was not performed. At angiography the oncocytomas were hypervascular in 21, hypovascular in 3 cases, and one was not detected. Nineteen of the tumors were well delineated. A spokewheel arterial pattern was detected in 3 tumors. The cytologic diagnosis was benign renal oncocytoma in 4 cases and highly suggestive of oncocytoma in 2 cases. We conclude that the homogeneity of a renal tumor at US and at CT may suggest the possibility of oncocytoma. US-guided fine-needle biopsy is a useful diagnostic tool in patients who need a precise presurgical diagnosis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Prostate-specific antigen as a marker of adenocarcinoma of prostate.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) serum levels were measured in 117 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma, in 9 patients with prostatic hyperplasia and in 14 patients with other malignancies to compare the clinical usefulness of the PSA and PAP levels. PSA was elevated (PSA+) in 14 of 18 untreated patients (78%) with prostatic cancer. PAP was elevated (PAP+) only in 3 of these untreated cases (17%). Also in previously treated patients PSA was more often positive than PAP. PSA was positive in 40 of the 99 treated patients (40%), PAP was elevated only in 21 cases (21%). There was a significantly (P less than 0.001) higher tendency towards elevated PSA in the prostatic cancer patients: 32 (27%) patients with PSA+ and PAP- compared with only 2 cases (2%) with PAP+ and PSA-. The PSA+/PAP- patients were analyzed further. In seven of them the PSA level also returned to its normal level after orchiectomy or/and radiotherapy. In two patients the PSA levels indicated tumor progression earlier than PAP, their PAP levels did not rise until bone metastasizing was evident. There were also progressive disease in some patients evidenced only by increased PSA levels. In addition to cancer patients the PSA level was increased in three (30%) of the prostatic hyperplasia patients. It was also elevated in three patients with other malignancies. However, these three patients also had prostatic hyperplasia and the increase in the PSA level is considered more likely to be due to that.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Urethral recurrence after cystoprostatectomy for bladder carcinoma.

Eighty-nine male patients underwent cystoprostatectomy for bladder carcinoma. Prophylactic urethrectomy was performed only on 7 patients whose tumour extended to or beyond the bladder neck. During the follow-up period 9 of 82 patients (11%) developed a urethral recurrence. Eight out of these 9 patients had carcinoma in situ or multiple papillary tumours in the bladder. Of all those patients who had carcinoma in situ, either primary or concomitant with papillary tumour, 18% developed urethral recurrence. The corresponding figure for patients with multiple tumours in the bladder was 15%. Thus the presence of carcinoma in situ or multiple tumours in the bladder seem to be important risk factors for urethral recurrence after cystoprostatectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Single-stage salvage cystectomy: results and complications in 20 patients.

Twenty patients with bladder carcinoma underwent total cystectomy and one-stage urinary diversion after a definitive external radiotherapy. The indication for surgery was a persistent or locally recurrent tumor and/or intractable voiding symptoms. There was no operative mortality. Early or late complications occurred in 14 patients (70%) and in 7 of these cases a reoperation was necessary. The overall 5-year survival rate after the operation was 61%. The prognosis of the patients was dependent on the pathological stage of the tumor in cystectomy specimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Evaluation of upper and lower urinary tracts after Camey operation.

Ten male patients with bladder carcinoma underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and Camey bladder substitution. Six months after surgery 3 of 19 ureters were refluxing in cystography. IVP demonstrated slight dilatation of two and moderate dilatation of one renal unit. The median maximum capacity of the bladder substitutes was 400 ml and the median residual volume was 40 ml. In 7 cases high pressure waves were demonstrated in cystometry. Nine patients had normal continence during day but only three patients during night. In addition three patients were dry during night if they voided frequently but four had varying degrees of enuresis. The results are otherwise satisfactory but the night-time incontinence may be troublesome.

Cystectomy↗
PubMed1989

Rupture of the urinary bladder, a potentially serious condition.

During the years 1969 to 1983, 61 patients with rupture of the urinary bladder were treated at the Department of Surgery, University of Turku, Finland. The etiology of the injury was accident trauma in 48%, iatrogenic trauma in 28%, minor trauma in association with misuse of alcohol in 21% and other causes in 3% of the cases. In the first three groups the most reliable signs for diagnosing rupture were abdominal pain and tenderness, together with macroscopic or microscopic haematuria. In some cases cystography was of decisive importance in making the diagnosis. The prognosis for this condition, especially when it was associated with other injuries, was serious. Nine patients (14.8%) died and 35 patients (57.3%) had postoperative complications, for the most part infection-related. Fifty-nine patients underwent operative exploration and repair of the bladder, followed by urethral catheter drainage. Two patients were treated conservatively, with an indwelling urinary catheter only.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Reliability of CT in preoperative evaluation of bladder carcinoma.

Sixty patients with bladder carcinoma were examined by CT prior to radical cystectomy. CT indicated perivesical tumour growth or extension to neighbouring organs correctly in 68% of these cases. Overstaging was observed in 23% and understaging in 8% of the cases. Most of the difficulties concerned assessment of tumours in the anterior bladder wall and identification of the plane between the bladder and the seminal vesicle. In most instances CT provided no supplementary information to clinical staging, but was useful when obesity or previous irradiation impeded clinical staging.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the ureter. A case report.

We describe here a 65-year-old woman with a right-sided ureteral tumour that was treated by nephroureterectomy. The tumour appeared to be a signet-ring cell carcinoma obstructing the lumen and infiltrating the whole thickness of the ureteral wall. No other primary site could be found, and the tumour is believed to represent the first reported case of primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the ureter.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of 144 cases of ileal conduits in adults.

Ileal conduit urinary diversion was performed on 144 patients (138 malignant tumours, 6 benign conditions) according to the method of Bricker. Operative mortality was 4.2%. Early complications occurred in 33% and late complications in 28% of the patients. In 19% a reoperation was necessary for complications. Pre- and postoperative urographies were compared in 83 cases: there was deterioration of the upper urinary tracts in 26% of the right and 39% of the left renal units.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Antireflux ureteroileal anastomosis in ileal conduit urinary diversion and in ileocystoplasty following cystoprostatectomy.

Ureteroileal anastomosis, in which intraintestinal ureteral segment was implanted in a mucosal sulcus, was used in ileal conduit urinary diversion on 17 patients and in ileocystoplasty for total replacement of the bladder on 4 patients. Conduitography or cystography, performed 3 months after operation, demonstrated reflux in 1 out of 39 reimplanted ureters (2.6%). Six months after surgery one anastomosis was stenotic and was treated by percutaneous balloon dilatation. Four ureters were slightly dilated and a stone had developed in one ureter. The method seems to be effective and easy to perform.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Multilocular renal lesions--a diagnostic challenge.

We present six patients with benign cystic lesions of the kidneys and one with a cystic carcinoma with preoperative diagnostic difficulties. Despite the advent of modern imaging techniques and aspiration cytology there are no unequivocally reliable diagnostic signs of benignity in multilocular renal lesions. Therefore surgery is recommended as the therapy of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Renal artery embolization in the palliative treatment of renal adenocarcinoma.

Renal artery embolization without subsequent nephrectomy was used to treat renal adenocarcinoma in 25 patients. The tumour had metastasized in 15 cases, and was locally advanced in six cases and localized in four. The aim was palliation of local symptoms in 20 cases. It was achieved in 11 of 14 patients with gross haematuria and in three of six with severe local pain. No prolongation of survival time was evident, and all the patients died of renal adenocarcinoma within 38 months. Regression of metastases was not seen. In one patient, embolization with absolute ethanol was followed by infarction of the left colon and death.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

A giant unhomogenous leiomyoma simulating ovarian cancer. A case report.

We describe a case of a giant unhomogenous uterine leiomyoma that simulated ovarian cancer both clinically, roentgenologically (computerized tomography) and ultrasonically. As an incidental finding there was also a carcinoma in situ of the endometrium. The difficulties in the differential diagnosis of an abdomino-pelvic mass are discussed, and the significance of laparotomy also as a diagnostic method is emphasized.

Diagnosis, Differential↗