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Biomedical subjects

M Nyström

Publications and source records attributed to M Nyström.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Alcohol-use patterns in young university students in Finland.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain descriptive data on the alcohol-use patterns and the factors affecting them among Finnish first-year university students. DESIGN: Cross sectional survey with a self-administered questionnaire. SETTING: Finnish first-year university students. PARTICIPANTS: 3,836 students during the academic year 1989/90. The participation rate was 73.7% for female and 53.6% for male students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Frequency of drinking alcohol, heavy drinking, and drinking for intoxication, average alcohol consumption. RESULTS: The mean alcohol consumption for female students was 2.6 kg and for male students 6.5 kg of pure alcohol per year. 6.5% of the female students and 5.1 of the male students were abstainers. The heaviest drinking 10% consumed 42% of all consumed alcohol. 4.9% of the female students reported a consumption of at least 10 kg of pure alcohol per year and 11.7% of male students reported a consumption of at least 15 kg. The median for the frequency of drinking was every second week for the females and once a week for the males. Furthermore, drinking for intoxication was more frequent among the male than the female students. CONCLUSION: Male students have a higher alcohol consumption, drink more frequently, and are more often intoxicated than female students.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A longitudinal study of craniomandibular disorders in Finnish adolescents.

Longitudinal variations of subjective symptoms and clinical signs of craniomandibular disorders, orofacial parafunctions, and occlusal conditions were examined in 131 Finnish adolescents. Patients were interviewed and clinically examined at the ages of 14, 15, and 18 years. Signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disorders were common, although usually mild. Reported and recorded temporomandibular clicking sounds were the most frequent findings and increased with age. They showed, however, no predictable pattern, and only a few patients consistently reported clicking sounds or had them recorded. Although the frequency of craniomandibular disorders according to Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index was high at each examination, there also was great intraindividual fluctuation longitudinally; impairment and improvement occurred almost equally often, showing no predictable pattern. Only 3% of those tested consistently had an index value of more than I. Thus, even longer follow-up studies are needed to understand natural longitudinal variations and evaluate the need and demand for treatment of craniomandibular disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of dental arch dimensions in children from southern and northern Finland.

The purpose of this survey was to determine whether children in northern Finland had different dental arch dimensions from children in southern Finland. Dental casts of 9-year-old healthy children from Helsinki (southern Finland) and from Oulu and Sodankylä (northern Finland) were measured. Each group contained 41 subjects who had received no orthodontic treatment. The children from Sodankylä and Oulu had narrower dental arches and greater palatal heights than those from Helsinki. The lengths and perimeters of dental arches were significantly shorter in the children from Sodankylä than in those from Helsinki. We suggest these differences could have resulted from adaptation to different climatic conditions, affecting modes of breathing.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

Positive and negative consequences of alcohol drinking among young university students in Finland.

In a sample of 1663 female and 707 male Finnish university students in their first study year, the female students reported less negative and less positive consequences of alcohol drinking than their male counterparts. The female students also drank less, less frequently and less often for intoxication. However, the profile of negative and positive consequences of drinking was similar for both genders; 74.6% of the female students and 80.0% of the males had more positive than negative experiences from alcohol. Both the positive and negative consequences of drinking correlated positively to alcohol consumption and drinking for intoxication. About half of the students who had many positive consequences of drinking were not heavy drinkers and did not report many negative consequences. Depression, anxiety, stress or psychosomatic symptoms did not correlate with either with positive or negative consequences of drinking, nor with alcohol consumption. Drinking for anxiety, depression, stress or the reduction of tension appeared to be infrequent. Young Finnish university students mostly drink for the positive consequences of drinking.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum as a possible indicator of heavy drinking in young university students.

Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum was studied as a possible marker of heavy drinking in a sample of 187 female and 102 male 1st year university students from Finland. CDT was measured by a new radioimmunoassay (Pharmacia CDT RIA). Alcohol consumption was measured on a quantity-frequency scale. For female students CDT was 18.2 +/- 0.45 units/liter (mean +/- SEM) and for male students 13.3 +/- 0.48 units/liter. 9.6% of female students and 7.8% of male students had elevated CDT with a cut-off level of 26 units/liter for females and 20 units/liter for males. The correlation between CDT and reported alcohol consumption was 0.30 (p less than 0.001) for females and 0.25 (p = 0.014) for males. Those reporting a consumption of at least 10 kg of pure ethanol per year were considered as heavy drinkers (3.7% of females and 22.5% of males). In female students the average CDT of heavy drinkers did not differ significantly from that of social drinkers but in teetotalers CDT was significantly (p less than 0.03) lower than in female alcohol users. In male students the average CDT of heavy drinkers was higher than the average of social drinkers (p less than 0.1) and significantly higher than the average of teetotalers (p less than 0.001). In the detection of heavy drinking among male students elevated CDT had a specificity of 96.2% and a sensitivity of 21.7%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Sizes of dental arches and general body growth up to 6 years of age in children with isolated cleft palate.

Development of the dental arches and height and weight at the ages of 3 yr and 6 yr were studied longitudinally in 60 children with isolated cleft palate (CP) and in 50 noncleft (NONC) children. Retrospective comparisons were also made in the CP group with arch size at the age of 0.2 yr and 1.8 yr. Anterior width at 0.2 yr of age was associated with canine width at the age of 3 yr (r = 0.70) and 6 yr (r = 0.60). Change in maxillary posterior width from 3 yr to 6 yr of age was related to the extension of the cleft, so that in the group with total cleft this dimension diminished. Measured in standard deviation scores (SDS), the means of maxillary width at canines and primary second molars in CP children varied from -1.0 to -2.0 and mandibular dimensions from -0.6 to -1.4. Discrepancy in arch depth diminished with age. Body size differed less from normal than the size of the dental arches. At 3 yr of age the height was -0.4 SDS in CP boys and -0.5 SDS in CP girls, but at 6 yr of age only -0.1 SDS in both boys and girls. Correlations between body size and the size of the dental arches were generally low (r less than 0.20) both in CP and NONC children. The small size of the dental arches in CP children does not seem to be merely a reflection of the overall smaller size of CP children.

Body Constitution↗
PubMed1991

Serum beta-hexosaminidase in young university students.

In a sample of 203 first-year university students, serum beta-hexosaminidase (beta-HEX) was studied as a possible marker of heavy drinking. There are no previous studies on beta-HEX in a young nonalcoholic population. All students were healthy and without regular medication except the use of p-pills in 49 of the 123 female students. Alcohol consumption was measured on a frequency-volume scale. Serum beta-HEX did not correlate with reported drinking, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) nor alcohol problems. The mean beta-HEX of 26 teetotalers did not differ from that of the heaviest drinking group (n = 25). A new finding was a significant (p = 0.009) increase of serum beta-HEX in female students using oral contraceptives. We conclude that serum beta-HEX is a poor indicator of alcohol consumption in young university students and if elevated the use of p-pills must be considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Development of horizontal tooth wear in maxillary anterior teeth from five to 18 years of age.

Sizes of horizontal wear facets of maxillary anterior teeth were studied longitudinally from the primary dentition at age five to the young adult dentition at the age of 18 years. By a planimetric method, we calculated the wear areas on dental casts taken at the ages of five, ten, 14, and 18 years from the dentition of 39 healthy, orthodontically untreated subjects with good morphological occlusion. For young adults, we also studied the association between the amount of wear and reported parafunctions, maximal bite force, salivary buffer capacity, salivary flow rate, and some cephalometric variables. Size of wear facets on all anterior teeth increased with age. Significant correlations were found between the total wear areas of the six anterior primary teeth at five years of age and those of their permanent successors at age 14 (r = 0.44) and 18 (r = 0.39). For an individual, tooth wear at five years of age was, however, of low predictive value for tooth wear in young adulthood, whereas tooth wear at 14 years of age predicted it well (r = 0.89). Highest correlations between tooth wear and background factors at 18 years of age were found for maximal anterior bite force (r = 0.44) and for the size of the gonial angle (r = -0.31). Wear of anterior teeth was not associated with reported parafunctions in young adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of timing and method of cleft palate repair on dental arches at the age of three years.

The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of two different ages at the time of palatal closure and two surgical methods on the size of the dental arches at the age of 3 years in children, with CP, UCLP, and BCLP. In 88 children the one-stage palatal closure had been performed at the age of 1.8 years and in 92 children at the age of 1.1 years. In both groups palatal surgery had been performed with a V to Y push back procedure (Veau-Wardill-Killner) or with the Cronin modification. Dimensions of the maxillary arch in both groups at age 3 were smaller than in noncleft children, but the timing of palatal closure did not affect arch dimensions in children with CP, UCLP, or BCLP. Arch dimensions at 3 years of age were not related to the method used in palatal closure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

The period between exfoliation of primary teeth and the emergence of permanent successors.

The dates of natural exfoliation of primary teeth and of clinical eruption of their successors were recorded in 141 children, a total of 660 teeth. The aim of this investigation was to study the length of the period between these two developmental events. In the mandible, the mean length of the toothless period for the central incisor was 2 weeks and that for the lateral incisors and canines 6 weeks. In the maxilla, the corresponding period was 6 weeks for the central incisor and over 4 months for the lateral incisor and the canine. The mean length of the toothless period was shortest, 0-6 days, between the primary molars and the succeeding premolars. Individual variation was great. No difference was detected between the sexes. In some cases the length of the toothless period for the maxillary lateral incisors and for the canines in both jaws exceeded one year. This was associated with crowding, which caused the premature loss of primary teeth.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Sizes of dental arches and interdental space in 3-year-old children with and without cleft lip/palate.

The development of the dental arches in children with oral clefts differs from that in a normal population, due to the type and extension of the cleft, surgical procedure and timing, and decreased growth potential. The size of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and the amount of interdental space in 3-year-old, cleft-affected and non-cleft children was investigated. Fifty non-cleft (NONC) and 104 cleft-affected subjects including different cleft groups were compared. On average, cleft lip was corrected at the age of 0.6 years and cleft palate at 1.8 years of age. The mean of all width and depth dimensions in the cleft lip group were close to the NONC controls, whereas the dimensions of the cleft palate group were 8-9 per cent smaller in the maxilla and 5-7 per cent smaller in the mandible than were those in the NONC group. In the unilateral complete cleft group, the maxillary dimensions were 11-19 per cent smaller, but in the mandible only 0-4 per cent smaller than in the NONC group. In the bilateral complete cleft group, the maxillary arch was only 6 per cent shorter but 30 per cent narrower at the canines than in the NONC group. In the mandible the corresponding differences were 2 per cent and 6 per cent. Forty per cent of the cleft palate subjects had a crowded maxillary arch compared with 6 per cent of the NONC controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1989

Tooth development in children with cleft lip and palate: a longitudinal study from birth to adolescence.

Dental maturity was assessed in 131 children with cleft lip with or without cleft palate in two age groups from panoramic X-rays using the method of Demirjian. The subjects showed a mean delay of 6 months in the age group of 3-9 years (x = 6.4 years), which decreased to 2 months in the age group of 8-14 years (x = 11.0 years). Involvement of the palate made the delay longer than in children with cleft lip only. Geographical differences between parts of Finland were also found. To study tooth development longitudinally, the timing of the beginning of calcification of one maxillary central incisor was assessed from occlusal X-rays taken between the ages of 2 and 18 months in 107 of the above mentioned 131 subjects. Using rank-order correlations, the beginning of the calcification of the maxillary central incisor weakly predicted the subjects' tooth developmental status. The correlation of dental maturity between the ages of 6 and 11 years was, however, high.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Caries-related microbiological findings in a group of teenagers and their parents.

The levels of salivary Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli and caries experience were studied in 113 teenagers and 163 adults. The study population consisted of 82 mother-child and 73 father-child pairs. The number of decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) was eightfold higher in adults than in teenagers (56.4 +/- 22.8 vs. 7.3 +/- 6.7). The percentage distribution of the level of salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli was approximately the same in both groups. The mean number of DMFS increased with increasing levels of salivary S. mutans and lactobacilli, the correlation being highly significant both in teenagers and adults. There was a significant correlation of the DMFS indices in the mother-child pairs (r = 0.364), but the correlation was not significant in the father-child pairs (r = 0.138). The salivary level of S. mutans was higher in the children of mothers with high DMFS values compared to the children of mothers with low DMFS values.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Dental maturity standards in southern Finland.

Dental maturity was studied in 248 healthy children born in Helsinki from 1968-73 and in 105 healthy children living in Turku from 1971-85. In all, 1062 panoramic radiographs of these children aged from 2.5 to 17.2 years, were examined. Dental maturity was estimated by the three methods described by Demirjian et al. (1973) and Demirjian and Goldstein (1976). The aim of the study was to produce reliable dental maturity curves for use in relation to Finnish children. In addition to data for the seven-tooth model, curves and tables for two models utilizing four teeth are also given. It is shown that all of the models work well and predict dental age reliably.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Comparisons of dental maturity between the rural community of Kuhmo in northeastern Finland and the city of Helsinki.

The aim of the study was to check whether dental maturity charts made in southern Finland can be used without modifications in other parts of the country. For this reason the dental maturity of 90 children living in the sparsely populated areas of Kuhmo in northeastern Finland was compared with that of a larger sample of Helsinki children. Most of the Kuhmo children were 7.0-8.5 and 10.5-12.5 yr of age. The method of Demirjian and associates was used to estimate dental maturity. The means of dental maturity scores were greater in Kuhmo in most half-year groups in both sexes. The median dental maturity scores of Kuhmo children were between the 50th and 84th percentile curves of Helsinki children. A referent of the same age and sex was chosen for each Kuhmo child from the Helsinki children. The paired t-test was based on the difference in dental age. The dental age of the Kuhmo children was higher (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest differences in dental maturity within a fairly homogeneous population, which should be considered when national charts are used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dental age and asymmetry in the formation of mandibular teeth in twins concordant or discordant for oral clefts.

The aims of this investigation were: 1) to study the effects of zygosity and the type of cleft on dental age in pairs of twins concordant or discordant for oral clefts, 2) to compare dental age in the twins with that in a population of normal Finnish children, and 3) to study asymmetry in the formation of mandibular teeth with regard to zygosity and the type of cleft. Twenty-two pairs of twins (8 mono- and 14 dizygotic) and one set of monozygotic triplets concordant or discordant for cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), or both (CLP) were investigated. Four of eight mono- and 12 of 14 dizygotic pairs were discordant for clefts. An orthopantomogram of both twins was taken on the same day. In 7 of the 8 monozygotic (88%) and in 4 of the 14 dizygotic (29%) pairs, the dental age was the same in both twins. Of the 12 pairs discordant for clefts, the dental age of the twin with cleft was delayed in 5, advanced in 3, and the same in 4 compared with that of the twin without a cleft. The means of chronologic age and dental age were counted separately for the cleft subgroups and the non-cleft (NONC) group. The dental age was advanced in the CL twins and in the NONC twins, and was the same as chronologic age in the CP twins, but it was delayed in the CLP twins. Asymmetric formation of the 14 mandibular teeth (mostly the second premolars) was encountered in 3 of 8 CLP, in 3 of 18 CP, in 1 of 16 NONC, and in none of 5 CL children. The great similarity in tooth formation among the monozygotic twins indicates strong genetic control of dental maturation in twins concordant and also discordant for cleft.

Adolescent↗