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Biomedical subjects

M Ogino

Publications and source records attributed to M Ogino.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

X-ray diffraction studies on the structural changes of rigor muscles induced by binding of phosphate analogs in the presence of MgADP.

To clarify the structure of the ATP hydrolysis intermediates (ADP.Pi bound state) formed by actomyosin crossbridges, the effects of various phosphate analogs in the presence of MgADP on the structures of the thin and thick filaments in glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers in the rigor state have been investigated by X-ray diffraction with a short exposure time using synchrotron radiation. When MgADP and phosphate analogs such as metallofluorides (BeFx = 3,4 and AlF4) and vanadate (VO4(Vi)) were added to rigor fibers in the presence of the ATP-depletion backup system, the intensities of the actin-based layer lines were markedly weakened. The greatest effect (approximately 50% decrease in intensity) was observed in the presence of BeFx among the analogs examined. The intensity distribution of the 5.9 nm actin-based layer line shifted towards that observed in the Ca(2+)-activated fibers, while the first actin layer line at approximately 1/36.7 nm-1 retained a rigor-like profile with an intensity weakened by approximately 50%. The intensity of the equatorial 10 reflection increased while that of the 11 reflection changed little, resulting in only a small increase (approximately 1.7 fold) in the intensity ratio of the 10 to the 11 reflection. No resting-like pattern appeared upon the addition of MgADP and BeFx. These results indicate that a substantial fraction (approximately 40%) of the myosin heads dissociate from actin but the detached heads remain in the vicinity of the actin filaments when MgADP and BeFx bind. The states produced by binding phosphate analogs to a rigor muscle differ from the resting-like state produced by adding them to a contracting muscle (Takemori et al., J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 117 (1995) 603-608). Our conclusion put forward to explain the data is that one of the two heads of a crossbridge is detached and the other retains a rigor-like attachment.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1998

High-Resolution X-ray Diffraction of Muscle Using Undulator Radiation from the Tristan Main Ring at KEK.

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan.High-resolution X-ray diffraction studies on striated muscle fibres were performed using a hard X-ray undulator installed in the Tristan main ring at KEK, Tsukuba, Japan. The performance of the undulator, along with an example experiment which exploited the unique characteristics of undulator radiation, are reported. The vertical divergence angle of the first harmonic of the undulator was approximately 10 micro rad under 8 GeV multi-bunch operating conditions and the peak photon flux density was estimated to be approximately 3 x 10(16) photons s(-1) mrad(-2) (0.1% bandwidth)(-1) (10 mA)(-1). The well collimated X-ray beam from the undulator made it possible to resolve clearly, with high angular resolution ( approximately 700 nm), the closely spaced diffraction peaks on the meridional axis in the X-ray patterns arising from the thick filaments of a striated muscle under static conditions. By fitting the meridional intensity pattern, a model for the molecular arrangement of the constituent proteins in the thick filaments is proposed. These studies of muscle demonstrate the promise of undulator radiation from third-generation sources for high-resolution diffraction studies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Differing profiles of prostaglandin formation inhibition between selective prostaglandin H synthase-2 inhibitors and conventional NSAIDs in inflammatory and non-inflammatory sites of the rat.

The present study examined the inhibitory profiles of NS-398 and nimesulide against prostaglandin (PG) formation in inflammatory and non-inflammatory sites, and compared them with those of aspirin and indomethacin. In vitro, indomethacin inhibited PGH synthase (PGHS)-1 and PGHS-2 almost equally, while NS-398 and nimesulide inhibited only PGHS-2. NS-398 (1, 10 mg/kg) and nimesulide (3 mg/kg) slowed the rate of plasma exudation and thus the exudate accumulation in rat carrageenin-induced pleurisy. Aspirin (30, 100 mg/kg) and indomethacin (10 mg/kg) also reduced this rate. NS-398 and nimesulide reduced the PGE2 more potently than TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the exudate. However, aspirin and indomethacin did not exhibit this selectivity. The levels of PGE2 correlated significantly with the plasma exudation rate. Moreover, nimesulide (3 mg/kg) did not affect PGE2 formation in rat stomachs injected with 1 M NaCl solution, while indomethacin (10 mg/kg) reduced it. Thus, NS-398 and nimesulide exhibit different inhibitory profiles from aspirin and indomethacin against PG formation. These results suggest that PGE2 may be produced by PGHS-2 in the inflammatory site, and may play a more prominent role than PGI2 in plasma exudation.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1998

A cross-national study of self-evaluations and attributions in parenting: Argentina, Belgium, France, Israel, Italy, Japan, and the United States.

This study investigated and compared ideas about parenting in Argentine, Belgian, French, Israeli, Italian, Japanese, and U.S. mothers of 20-month-olds. Mothers evaluated their competence, satisfaction, investment, and role balance in parenting and rated attributions of successes and failures in 7 parenting tasks to their own ability, effort, or mood, to difficulty of the task, or to child behavior. Few cross-cultural similarities emerged; rather, systematic culture effects for both self-evaluations and attributions were common, such as varying degrees of competence and satisfaction in parenting, and these effects are interpreted in terms of specific cultural proclivities and emphases. Child gender was not an influential factor. Parents' self-evaluations and attributions help to explain how and why parents parent and provide further insight into the broader cultural contexts of children's development.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Expression of VLA-4 on peripheral mononuclear cells in patients on chronic haemodialysis with carpal tunnel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a major complication in long-term haemodialysis patients and is thought to be a form of haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis. CTS may be due to the deposition of amyloid as well as local inflammatory process in the carpal tunnel. Although macrophage-like cells infiltrating the tenosynovium of carpal tunnel are known to express mRNA for adhesion molecules, the level of expression of adhesion molecules on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with CTS is unknown. METHODS: We compared the expression of very late activation antigen (VLA-4) on PBMC by flow cytometry in 14 patients on haemodialysis (6-21 years) with CTS, nine on haemodialysis (1-6 years) but without CTS and six patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD, 1-5 years) without CTS. RESULTS: The expression of VLA-4 on peripheral lymphocytes was not different among the groups. However, the FACScan fluorescence histogram of VLA-4 expression on peripheral monocytes showed a bimodal pattern in the CTS group, and the rate of the high intensity portion of the expressed VLA-4 on monocytes was significantly higher in CTS than other groups (P<0.05). The observed differences were not based on differences in the type of the dialysis membrane. We also examined the adhesion of PBMC to fibronectin-coated plates. The number of adherent PBMC was significantly higher in patients with CTS than in other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that increased expression of VLA-4 on peripheral monocytes and augmented adhesion capacity of PBMC to fibronectin may be involved in the development of CTS in haemodialysis patients.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1998

Molecular cloning and expression of an amine sulfotransferase cDNA: a new gene family of cytosolic sulfotransferases in mammals.

A cDNA of amine sulfotransferase-RB1 (AST-RB1), which efficiently catalyzes 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (PTHP) sulfation, has been isolated by immunoscreening of a rabbit liver cDNA library. The cDNA consisted of 1,117 base pairs and encoded a protein of 301 amino acids with a molecular weight of 35,876. The deduced amino acid sequence matched at six positions those of peptide fragments obtained from purified AST-RB1 protein. The sequence had less than 38% identity at the amino acid level with cytosolic sulfotransferases in mammals, although high degrees of similarity were observed with regions conserved throughout mammalian sulfotransferases. These results indicate that AST-RB1, arbitrarily named sulfotransferase 3A1 (ST3A1), constitutes a new and third gene family of cytosolic sulfotransferases in mammals. ST3A1 expressed in Escherichia coli as a fused protein catalyzed sulfation of amines such as PTHP, aniline, 4-chloroaniline, 2-naphthylamine, and desipramine, but barely O-sulfation of typical aryl and hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase substrates. These data unequivocally demonstrate the existence of a cytosolic sulfotransferase showing a high selectivity for amine substrates, and indicate that multiple forms of sulfotransferase mediate sulfation of xenobiotics in mammalian livers.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Molecular cloning, expression, and enzymatic characterization of rabbit hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase AST-RB2.

Cytosolic sulfotransferases, which consist of at least three gene families, play a major role in activation and detoxification of both endogenous and exogenous chemicals. We recently purified a rabbit sulfotransferase, AST-RB2, showing high activities to both hydroxysteroids and amines. To characterize this enzyme, a rabbit cDNA library was screened using anti-AST-RB2 antibodies. The isolated cDNA was judged to encode AST-RB2 (ST2A8) based on the amino acid sequences of peptide fragments obtained from purified AST-RB2. The cDNA showed high similarity to other mammalian hydroxysteroid sulfotransferases (ST2) at the amino acid level (58-68%), but low similarity to aryl sulfotransferases (ST1) (less than 37%). The protein expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed sulfation of typical ST2 substrates. Therefore, ST2A8 was judged to belong to the ST2 family from both its primary structure and substrate specificity. The ST2A8 protein expressed in E. coli clearly differed from rat ST2A1 and ST2A2 on its localization (cytosol/insoluble fraction ratio). ST2A8 had no activity to lithocholate, but showed the highest catalysis on dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone among the four forms (ST2A1, ST2A2, ST2A3, and ST2A8), indicating a clear difference between ST2A forms in substrate specificity to endogenous chemicals.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of serological diagnosis of Borna disease virus infection using recombinant proteins in experimentally infected rats.

We produced two recombinant Borna disease virus (BDV) proteins, p40 and p24, by using a baculovirus vector as a diagnostic antigen. Antigenicities of these recombinant proteins were evaluated by immune rabbit sera. Recombinant p40 was a more sensitive antigen than p24 for the detection of antibodies in infected rats. Rats inoculated with BDV within 24 hr after birth showed higher detection rates of viral RNA and viral proteins from the brain than rats inoculated at 4 weeks-old. Depending on the age of infection and the time postinfection, the detection of BDV RNA, protein, or anti-BDV antibody did not always correlate in individuals. We suggest both serological and molecular biological methods are needed in the diagnosis of BDV infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A single-tube RT-PCR method for the detection of Borna disease viral genomic RNA.

For detecting Borna disease virus (BDV) genomic stranded RNA, single-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (St RT-PCR) was developed to equal the sensitivity of RT-nested PCR but with reduced risk of contamination. BDV-genomic stranded RNA was synthesized in vitro using plasmid cDNA of BDV p24 region as a template and RNA was also extracted from BDV-persistently infected MDCK (MDCK/BDV) cells. Both RNAs were amplified by St RT-PCR in which a single round of RT and a single round of PCR were performed in the same tube. Ten copies of synthesized RNA could be amplified by St RT-PCR, indicating that St RT-PCR method is as sensitive as the ordinary RT-nested PCR method. Furthermore, this method was applied to quantify the exact copy number of genomic RNA in MDCK/BDV cells. Signals were obtained from the samples containing more than 1 pg total cellular RNA. From the results, approximately 100 copies of BDV genomic RNA exist in one MDCK/BDV cell. BDV genomic RNA from the in vivo RNA samples using St RT-PCR, indicating this method is applicable for the epidemiological study of BDV without contamination.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Effect of metabolic substrate on BMIPP metabolism in canine myocardium.

UNLABELLED: The lipid tracer 1 5-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) is clinically useful, and its basic metabolism is being analyzed. Because the pharmacokinetics of this lipid tracer may be affected by blood concentrations of fatty acid or glucose, this study evaluated the effects of excess levels of lipid or glucose on BMIPP uptake and metabolism. METHODS: A technique using an open-chest dog model was used. Blood sampling was performed from the left anterior descending coronary artery and great cardiac vein after an injection of 123I-BMIPP either with a glucose infusion (n = 6) or a lipid infusion (n = 5). High performance liquid chromatography and double-tracer kinetic analyses clarified the extraction, retention, backdiffusion and further metabolism of BMIPP. These results were compared with data from control dogs (n = 6). RESULTS: In this experiment, a 10-fold increase over the normal lipid blood concentration and twofold increase over the normal blood glucose concentration were evaluated with either intralipid or glucose infusion, respectively. In the lipid infusion studies, the extraction significantly decreased compared with the control values (74% +/- 12% to 58% +/- 8%; p < 0.05), and the washout increased from 50% +/- 13% to 68% +/- 16% (p < 0.05). The BMIPP backdiffusion increased (p < 0.05), and the levels of the further metabolites decreased (p < 0.05), while the retention level remained constant (normal, 89% +/- 9%; lipid infusion, 91% +/- 3%; ns). In the glucose infusion studies, the BMIPP extraction, retention and washout showed no statistical differences compared to controls; however, these parameters showed the same tendencies as those in the lipid infusion group. In addition, the BMIPP backdiffusion increased significantly (control, 25.1% +/- 8%; glucose infusion, 48.7% +/- 25.6%; p < 0.05) as it did after the lipid infusion. CONCLUSION: BMIPP metabolism and uptake are affected by excess concentrations of lipid and glucose in the blood. However, the retention of BMIPP was not affected by either type of infusion. The BMIPP backdiffusion and the further metabolite comprising 10% of the tracer extracted were affected both by the lipid and glucose infusions. These results indicate that an excess fat concentration and glucose affect BMIPP uptake, especially the extraction of BMIPP and BMIPP backdiffusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Histomorphometric evaluation of the thin hydroxyapatite layer formed through anodization followed by hydrothermal treatment.

By the previously described method of electrochemical and hydrothermal reaction, a thin hydroxyapatite (HA) layer of 1 microm thickness was formed on machined, grit-blasted, and titanium plasma-sprayed implants, the surfaces of which were equipped with a gap zone of 0.15 mm in depth. These implants, together with HA and titanium plasma-sprayed implants as control materials, were placed in dog mandibles for 4 weeks. Histomorphometrical comparison was performed to examine the effects of the thin HA layer and the surface topography on bone formation. The roughened implants, especially the grit-blasted implants, were surrounded with thin bone newly formed along the rough surfaces and showed higher bone apposition than the smooth implants. The gap zone of the HA plasma-sprayed implant was repaired with new bone that had vertically extended from the surrounding bone. The thin HA layer had as much osteoconduction as a plasma-sprayed HA coating but showed significantly different bone response. The results suggest that bone formation on an HA film is affected by degradation in living tissue that is related to the crystallinity and the chemical composition of the HA film itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Calcium and silicon from bioactive glass concerned with formation of nodules in periodontal-ligament fibroblasts in vitro.

Previously, the authors reported that bioactive glass promoted formation of nodules in cultured periodontal-ligament fibroblasts and high concentrations of calcium and silicon were detected in the culture medium. Herein, the effects of bioactive glass, calcium alone and calcium and silicon for formation of nodules on the periodontal-ligament fibroblasts are examined. The cells were cultured with bioactive glass, without bioactive glass, calcium and silicon, with calcium alone and with calcium and silicon. The cell growth, alkaline-phosphatase activity, amount of pro-collagen type I and the number of nodules were measured periodically until the 21st day. The cell growth rate with calcium and silicon was the highest, however the rate with bioactive glass and calcium alone were similar to that without them. The alkaline-phosphatase activity and the amount of pro-collagen showed peaks at the 11th day. At the peak, the alkaline-phosphatase activity with bioactive glass or calcium and silicon, and the pro-collagen with bioactive glass was higher than without them. The number of nodules with bioactive glass, calcium alone or calcium and silicon was greater than without them. These findings suggested that the combination of calcium and silicon released from bioactive glass was concerned with the formation of nodules on the periodontal-ligament cells.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1997

Kidney transplantation and liaison psychiatry, part II: A case of dissociative identity disorder.

The authors examined the case of an adolescent patient with dissociative identity disorder secondary to psychological shock of a transplant rejection response. Psychiatric symptoms consisted of three components: visual hallucinations and delusions as a psychological defense against the anxiety of a transplant rejection; appearance of three personalities including proper self, the dead child (donor), and a prophet with strong predicting power; and a twilight state. These psychiatric symptoms may have been related to two psychological factors: immature personality characteristics formed during hemodialysis, and post-traumatic stress caused by a chronic rejection reaction from the patient's first transplant.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus].

We report a rare case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A 36-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of nephrotic syndrome and renal insufficiency due to lupus nephritis. After steroid and immunosuppressant treatment for lupus nephritis, she began to complain of floaters and visual disturbance. She was diagnosed as having CMV retinitis based upon the depressed immune status and the clinical appearance of fundus. As soon as CMV retinitis was diagnosed, antiviral treatment with intravenous ganciclovir was instituted and maintained for 7 months. She was treated successfully and almost no progression or relapse of CMV retinitis was documented without ganciclovir maintenance treatment during a 2 year follow-up period. It is suggested that CMV retinitis can occur in patients with SLE treated with steroid and immunosuppressant, indicating the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for CMV retinitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Potent NK1 receptor antagonists: synthesis and antagonistic activity of various heterocycles with an N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-methylcarbamoyl substituent.

Various N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-methylcarbamoyl heterocycles (1, 2 and 3) modified at rings A and B in the isoquinolone (1a) and pyrido[3,4-b]pyridine (2a) nuclei were prepared and evaluated for NK1 receptor antagonistic activities. The structure-activity relationship studies on this series, along with conformational analysis, showed that (i) for ring A, 6-membered heterocycles are preferable to 5-membered heterocycles (a ca. 300-fold difference in potency), (ii) the 6-membered ring seems to function as an anchor by fixing the pendant phenyl group in a desirable orientation for receptor binding, and (iii) since compounds with aromatic rings (2) and those with aliphatic rings (3) as ring B both show good potency, this ring does not seem to be essential for receptor recognition. Among the compounds synthesized, the tetrahydropyridine derivatives 3a, 3b and 3f exhibited excellent inhibitory effects both in vitro and in vivo, with potent activity upon oral administration (ED50 = 0.20-0.27 mg/kg) (capsaicin-induced plasma extravasation in guinea pig trachea).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Relationships between anti-ganglioside antibodies and clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

We studied relationships between anti-ganglioside antibodies and the clinical characteristics of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) using multivariate analysis. Serum anti-ganglioside antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 42 GBS patients and 47 controls. Relationships between antibodies and 15 clinical characteristics were analyzed using a logistic model. Anti-GM1 antibodies were significantly infrequent in patients with objective sensory disturbance (immunoglobulin G (IgG), p < 0.05, odds ratio = 0.094; immunoglobulin M (IgM), p < 0.01, odds ratio = 0.032) and frequent in patients with prodromal diarrhea (IgG, p < 0.05, odds ratio = 5.759; IgM, p < 0.05, odds ratio = 16.28). The combination of anti-GM1 and anti-GD1b antibodies was frequent in patients with prodromal diarrhea (IgG, p < 0.01, odds ratio = 9.667; IgM, p < 0.01, odds ratio = 14.50). IgG anti-GQ1b antibodies were extremely frequent in patients with ophthalmoplegia (p < 0.01, odds ratio = 102.3), and infrequent in patients with objective sensory disturbance (p < 0.05, odds ratio = 0.023).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Unique action of an immunosuppressive agent, deoxyspergualin, on hematopoiesis in mice.

Deoxyspergualin (DSG) is an immunosuppresive agent of proven effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of transplant rejection; its most frequent side effect is reversible bone marrow suppression. To clarify the mechanisms of bone marrow suppression induced by DSG, we monitored the numbers of peripheral blood and marrow stem cells in C3H/HeN mice receiving 14 days of DSG injections at a highly immunosuppressive dose of 10 mg/kg/day. In the peripheral blood cells, DSG induced severe anemia and mild leukopenia because of a decrease in granulocyte counts, although these phenomena were reversible. During DSG administration, nucleated cell counts in the femur also markedly decreased, whereas the absolute numbers of various stem cells and progenitor cells, except for erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E), remained normal or increased; CD34- or c-kit-positive and lineage-negative cell levels markedly increased on the day DSG administration ceased. These findings indicate that DSG-induced anemia and leukopenia are not initiated by a generalized killing of these stem cells, but rather by a transient suppression of their ability to mature. Significantly, the severe anemia induced by DSG resembles pure red cell aplasia in humans, because there were marked decreases in peripheral reticulocytes, marrow CFU-E, and erythroblasts, with no decrease in renal erythropoietin mRNA expression. Furthermore, DSG-induced anemia was completely ameliorated by treatment with human recombinant erythropoietin.

Animals↗