Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Ohkido.
A 36-year-old man who worked at a chemical factory manifested contact dermatitis due to hydrazine derivatives. Thirty workers out of 130 in this factory were suspected of contracting contact dermatitis on exposed areas. Aminoguanidine hydrochloride, a blender for chicken feed, and the precursor and intermediate products of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a herbicide, were found to be allergens for this contact dermatitis.
A 75-year-old woman had lichenoid and bullous lesions in the sun-exposed areas. She had a history of cerebral embolism and received chlorpromazine (CPZ) until consultation at our clinic. Patch tests with CPZ were negative, but photopatch tests were positive at relatively high concentrations of CPZ and ultraviolet light radiation sites of 310, 340 and 370 nm. Rapid improvement of the lesions occurred upon discontinuation of CPZ and the avoidance of exposure to sunlight. From these results, the patient was considered to show lichenoid eruptions due to CPZ phototoxicity rather than photoallergy.
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HLA-A, B, C, D, and DR antigens in 40 Japanese patients with psoriasis vulgaris were analysed using the antisera obtained from the Seventh International Histocompatibility Workshop. The most deviant HLA antigens in psoriasis were found to be HLA-Cw6 and DRw7. by observing the HLA-A, B, C and DR antigens en bloc in psoriasis, it is shown that the statistically significantly associated haplotype antigens were HLA-A1, B13, Cw6 and DRw7, and A1, B37, Cw6 and DRw6 respectively. No HLA-Dw11 (LD17) antigen was associated with the disease.
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Purine phosphoribosyltransferase activities in normal and experimental hyperkeratotic epidermis of guinea pig skin were demonstrated quantitatively by a new microassay method. The ratio of HGPRTase with hypoxanthine as a substrate to APRTase activity in normal and hyperkeratotic epidermis was found to be 0.94 and 0.60, respectively. The HGPRTase and APRTase activities expressed as micromoles per gram wet weight per min. were increased in experimental hyperkeratotic epidermis and it is suggested that the salvage pathway for purine nucleotide biosynthesis is activated in experimental hyperkeratotic epidermis. The pH optimum of these enzymes and their stability in the frozen state were also demonstrated.
The possible association between peculiar HLA antigens ant atopic dermatitis associated allergic rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma was investigated. (1) Atopic dermatitis (no deviation in HLA), complicating allergic rhinitis (HLA-BW40), and bronchial asthma (HLA-B12) are associated by different HLA antigens. (2) The diseases are associated through the same antigen (HLA-BW15), if the concept of disease resistant antigen is accepted. (3) No association is found between HLA antigens and serum IgE levels in patients.
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Using two methods (continuous monotherapy and intermittent therapy) for the treatment of psoriasis with cyclosporine, we observed the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of each treatment method for more than 36 months to evaluate the clinical usefulness of both methods. Thirty-seven cases were analyzed and the following results were obtained: 1) The PASI score evaluated at each visit was maintained between 5 and 10 by both treatment methods and the improvement rate was more than 70%, while there was no difference in the daily dose between the two treatment methods; 2) The period required to achieve remission tended to be prolonged by intermittent therapy, while no change was observed with continuous monotherapy; 3) The period up to relapse tended to become shorter with both treatment methods but this tendency was more marked with intermittent therapy; 4) E-PAP(evaluation for prognosis with averaged PASI) was lower in the continuous monotherapy group and the patients were more satisfied; 5) The incidence of adverse reactions was similar to that reported in previous studies, with no difference between the two treatment methods in this regard; 6) A significant increase in BUN levels was observed in elderly patients; 7) There were only three cases in which the drug was discontinued due to exacerbation and adverse reactions. Based on the above findings, continuous monotherapy seems to be of greater clinical usefulness than intermittent therapy.
The immunogenetical relationship among atopic diseases was investigated from the point of human major histocompatibility antigen. The relationship between IgE level and HLA antigen was also discussed. (1) Atopic dermatitis had no high frequency in HLA antigens. HLA-B12 in bronchial asthma and HLA-BW40 in allergic rhinitis were frequently found in the population study. (2) No HLA-BW15 was observed in these three diseases. The term called 'disease-resistant antigen' was proposed in this paper. (3) We considered that IgE level is not controled by HLA antigen.
BACKGROUND: For a pancreatic body tumor, distal pancreatectomy (DP) has been a standard operation. Segmental resection (SR) of the pancreas has been introduced as a less invasive procedure in consideration of preservation of the pancreatic functions and postoperative quality of life. Surgical stress and exocrine and endocrine functions of the residual pancreas were compared between DP and SR. METHODS: Clinical findings including serum levels of C reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood sugar, a 120 min value of the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, and N-benzol-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid excretion value (a pancreatic exocrine function test) were compared between 47 patients with DP and 10 with SR performed for benign pancreatic diseases. RESULTS: Operation time was longer in SR (356 min) than in DP (272 min; P = 0.0123). Operative blood loss and peri-operative blood transfusion were not different between the two groups. Serum levels of CRP increased after the operation, reaching the peak on postoperative day 2 or 3, and decreased thereafter The peak of serum CRP level was similar between the two groups (13.4+/-1.8 mg/dl in SR and 14.8+/-1.1 mg/dl in DP). Postoperative hospital stay in 10 patients with SR (65 days) was significantly longer than that in 47 with DP (33 days; P = 0.0001). When postoperative complications were compared between the two groups, the incidence of pancreatic fistula was significantly higher in SR (4/10 [40%]) than in DP (4/46 [9%]; P = 0.0103). Abdominal abscess was seen in 30% of SR and in 11% of DP. Postoperative intra-abdominal hemorrhage was seen only in one patient with SR After DP, glucose tolerance deteriorated at short-term in nine of 24 patients examined and at long-term in two of five patients examined. Only one patient showed improvement of glucose intolerance at short-term after the operation. On the other hand, SR showed no alteration of the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions in eight patients examined. CONCLUSIONS: SR is superior to DP from the view-point of preservation of the pancreatic functions, although SR has a longer operation time, a longer hospital stay and a higher incidence of postoperative complications.