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Biomedical subjects

M R Sapin

Publications and source records attributed to M R Sapin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Regional graft vs host reaction to H-Y antigen (immunological mechanisms)].

Structural changes in the regional popliteal lymph nodes have been studied in C57Bl/6 male mice at the peak of the reaction "graft-versus-host" to H-Y antigen. Morphological and morphometrical investigations have been carried out in three groups of males (10 animals in each group). The first group includes intact animals (the first control group). To the males of the second group (the second control group) lymphoid cells are inoculated from intact C57Bl/6 females. To the males of the third group (experimental group) lymphoid cells are inoculated from H-Y antigen immunized C57Bl/6 females (anti-H-Y effector lymphocytes). The popliteal lymph nodes of the male mice from the third group twice increase in their size comparing to those in the control (the first and the second groups). Miotic activity increases in them 4.5 times, amount of cellular blast forms in medullary cords--4 times and 10 times--in the light zone of the cortical substance. Ratio of macrophages and eosinophils in structural components of the lymph nodes studied changes; this is, evidently, connected with massive destructive progresses, that take place in the lymph nodes of the animals from the third group. The results of the morphological investigations are in agreement with the hypothesis suggested, explaining the mechanism of development of the regional reaction "graft-versus-host" to H-Y antigen, basing on idiotype-antiidiotype interaction (the idiotypic network in the immune system).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Lymphoid structures in the wall of the human esophagus during postnatal ontogenesis].

Lymphoid aggregates in the wall of the human oesophagus have been studied in corpses of 107 persons died a sudden death and who had not any disease in the digestive organs and in the immune system (total plane preparations, slices stained with hematoxylin--eosin, azure-2-eosin and after van Gieson). The lymphoid aggregates are arranged as longitudinal chains. Their number increases from birth towards the second childhood, and then decreases towards the old age. In the upper oesophageal parts these aggregates are more numerous than in the lower ones. The lymphoid aggregates look like convexoconvex lenses. Their size is maximal during the second childhood, the longitudinal dimensions are nearly two times as great as their thickness. With time, the sizes of the formations become small. The arrangement density of the lymphoid cells in the subepithelial layer of the mucous membrane is maximal in newborns, and then it decreases up to the old age. The lymphoid aggregates are situated in the oesophageal wall, mainly, near the ducts of the oesophageal glands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Structural changes in popliteal lymph nodes in the graft vs. host reaction to H-Y antigen in male C57BL/6-strain mice].

Regional popliteal lymph nodes in intact, control and experimental (I, II, III groups, respectively) have been studied by means of the morphometric method in male C57Bl/6 line mice at the pick of the reaction produced by injection of spleen cells and mesenteric lymph nodes obtained from syngenic females and repeatedly immunized to H-Y antigen (10 animals in each group). Injection of the cell suspensions from the immunized and intact females of the C57Bl/6 mice result nearly in two-fold increasing mass of the regional popliteal node at the expense of enlarged size of all its zones. Changes in cytoarchitectonics of the node structural components result from redistribution of certain cellular elements. The essential changes in the cell composition of the lymph nodes in the II and III male groups are accompanied with an increasing part of the stromal reticular cells. Simultaneously, content of small lymphocytes decreases significantly. In the III group of mice there is a sharp increase in the content of young forms of the lymphoid line cells in all structural components of the node, as well as in eosinophilic granulocytes in medullary cords. In the dark cortical zone of the nodes (III group) there occur tissue basophils (mast cells), that, together with increasing number of acidophilic granulocytes and appearance of neutrophilic cells, demonstrates that there is an inflammatory reaction in the organ studied as a response to the lymphocytic suspension injected. In the experimental group of the animals a complete disappearance of plasma cells is noted in the node cortex, but some increase of their part takes place in the medullary cords.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Morphofunctional condition of kidney after disruption of its lymphatic drainage].

Dimentions of the renal corpuscle, proximal and distal convoluted tubules have been studied in the dog kidney, normal and the morphofunctional state of the organ after cutting and ligation of its different lymphatic vessels (4 series of experiments in 158 dogs). The observations have been performed in 0.5, 1, 3, 10-160 days of the experiments. Histological, histochemical and morphometrical methods have been applied; the residual nitrogen in blood has been determined. During early stages, disturbances in the pathways of lymph outflow result in development of edema and albumin saturation of interstitium. granular distrophy of convoluted tubules epithelium in the kidneys. In 40-160 days stromal diffuse sclerosis of the medullary substance develops. The changes described and deterioration of the nitrogen-excretory function of the organ are especially pronounced after the disturbance in the pathways of lymph outflow are combined with a simultaneous extirpation of the contralateral kidney. Under these conditions the processes of the renal compensatory hypertrophy slow down. The morphofunctional changes after the disturbance in the pathways of lymph outflow from the compensatory hypertrophied kidney are the least pronounced.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Structure of the spleen of Papio hamadryas during ontogenesis].

By means of morphometrical and histochemical methods serial topographic sections of the spleen have been studied in 23 Papio hamadryas of five age groups: fetuses, newborns, 1.5-2 years of age, mature and old animals. The peculiarities of morphogenesis and age histology of the monkey spleen have been followed and their similarity with changes of the organ in the human ontogenesis has been compared. Owing to the analysis of the structural components and the cellular composition relations, it is possible to conclude that in the fetuses the histological structure of the spleen is not completed, the maximal cytopoetic activity of the organ is observed in 1.5-2-year-old animals and involutionary changes begin in mature period. Possible functional peculiarities of the spleen are considered during various age periods.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

[Segmented lymph nodes in man].

Segmentary lumbar, posterior pancreato-duodenal and inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes have been investigated macro- and microscopically. The segmentary lymph nodes reach 12 X 45 X 45 mm, 10 X 25 X 100 mm in size. Most often these nodes are found among the posterior pancreato-duodenal lymph nodes (92%). They represent a conglomerate of smaller lymph nodes growing together and having their own capsule, parenchyma, sinuses, afferent and deferent lymph vessels and are united into one large node.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

[Topographo-anatomic basis for the reconstruction of lymphatic passages and the reinnervation of transplanted kidneys].

Topographic anatomy of the deferent lymphatic vessels and the regional lymph nodes of the kidneys have been studied in 35 dogs. Basing on the topographoanatomical investigations performed the authors suggest a rational technique for restoring the lymph outflow combined with the reinnervation of the renal transplant. They suggest to take the right kidney together with the dorsocaval lymph nodes, and the left--with the left lateroaortal lymph nodes simultaneously cutting out the fascial-fatty graft with the nerves situating over the ventral surface of the renal hilar vessels. The lymph outflow is suggested to be restorted by means of anastomosis between the regional lymph nodes of the renal transplant and the iliac node, or the nearest vein, and to innervate the transplant--by means of stitching the fascial-fatty grafts of the anostomized blood vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Microscopic anatomy of the palatine tonsils of adult humans].

Structure of the palatine tonsils has been studied in 77 mature, elderly and old persons (from 21 up to 90 years of age) who had no any diseases of the mouth cavity, nose and throat by the time of their death. Correlation of the lymphoid and connective tissue in the palatine tonsil parenchyma in the mature and old ages is not equal. Cross section area of the lymphoid tissue, lymphoid nodules including, beginning from the first mature age, is gradually decreasing, while the area occupied by the connective tissue is increasing. In persons of the elderly and old ages the number of the nodules with a light center and without it decreases. The area occupied with internodular lymphoid tissue reduces.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Morpho-functional status of the kidney after a disturbance of lymph drainage.

The size of the renal body in convoluted parts of proximal and distal nephrons has been studied in normal dogs and after section and ligation of the efferent lymphatic vessels in 4 series of experiments (167 dogs). Observations have been made 12 h, 3 and 10-160 d after the operation. Histological, histochemical and morphometric methods have been applied; the level of residual nitrogen has been estimated. In early days of the experiment, the disturbance in lymph drainage has been found to result in edema and albuminous saturation of the connective tissue stroma, granular distrophy of epithelium in the convoluted tubules of the kidney. After 40-160 d of the experiment, diffuse sclerosis of the connective tissue stroma of the medullar substance and of pyramids develops. Alterations and disorders in the organ's function on nitrogen discharge are especially pronounced when lymph drainage is disturbed in one kidney, and the other kidney is removed. In such a case, the processes of compensatory hypertrophy are delayed. Morpho-functional alterations are less pronounced after lymph drainage disorders in the compensatory hypertrophic kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Anatomy and topography of the regional lymph nodes of the liver and gallbladder].

Regional lymph nodes of the liver and gallbladder were examined in the autopsies of 80 adults (aged 17-96) in whom deaths were caused by factors not associated with lymph or gastrointestinal tract lesions. Lymphatic vessels of the liver and gallbladder are discharged into the lymph nodes of ten groups in abdominal cavity and four groups--in thoracic cavity. Also, they are discharged into thoracic duct. All lymphatic vessels of the liver and gallbladder are discharged into hepatic and pancreato-duodenal nodes only. The size of regional lymph nodes of the liver and gallbladder varies within 1-75 mm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Morphology of the submandibular lymph nodes of white rats adapting to alpine conditions].

A field experiment has been performed in white noninbred rats in order to study morphometrically structural reconstructions and cellular composition characteristics in the submandibular lymph nodes on the 1st, 3d, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th and 50th days after lifting them to the altitude of 3,375 m above sea-level. The data obtained demonstrate a stable increase in small lymphocytes contents during the days of the observations; they are accompanied with an increasing specific area of the folliculi and a decreasing area of the cortical plateau. An essential decrease in the plasmic cells and dividing cells contents noted during the whole experiment is regarded to demonstrate an inhibition of the organism's immune reactivity at hypoxic hypoxia. Certain time periods are revealed which are accompanied, during the adaptation period to the high-mountain conditions, with general reactions of definite cell types and the lymph node structures: the 1st-7th days; the 14th-30th days; the 45th day and more. According to the character of the cell reactions in the experiment performed, it is possible to arrange the main structures of the submandibular lymph nodes in the following order: folliculi, cortical plateau, sinuses, medullary cords.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

[Topography of the large nodus lymphaticus pancreaticoduodenalis].

While investigating the regional lymph nodes of the liver of 72 elder men and women we found a large nymph node--75 X 32 mm, belonging to the group of Nodi lymphatici pancreatico-duodenales superiores posteriores. The bigger part of the lymph node lies behind the head of pancreas, the upper pole of the lymph node in 79.2% of cases is situated above the head of pancreas behind ductus choledochus. The left part of the lymph node in 33.3% of cases is situated on the upper surface of a. celiaca.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Local characteristics of sinuses of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the adult].

A morphometric investigation of the sinuses has been performed using longitudinal, stained after van Gieson sections of peripheral and central mesenteric lymph nodes taken from 27 corpses of mature men. All the sinuses in the human mesenteric lymph nodes have a specific form and size which are defined by certain peculiarities in the structure of their capsule and trabecules, by topography of cortical and medullary substance. In the marginal sinus, owing to certain topographo-anatomical and morphometric differences, the cortical and medullary portions are separated, the width of the lumen in the latter being greater than that of the cortical. In the medullary substance, intermedullary and trabecular sinuses are traced, their terminal parts being wider than the initial ones. The peripheral mesenteric lymph nodes (the nodes of the 1st step of the lymph flow) are characterized by presence of a complex labyrinth of medullary intermediate sinuses limited predominantly with medullary cords. In the central mesenteric lymph nodes (the nodes of the 2d--3d step of the lymph flow) the sinuses are situated closer to the trabecules (chylaric) and to the chylaric thickening, characterized with more direct connections with the marginal and portal sinuses.

Adult↗