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Biomedical subjects

M Raichand

Publications and source records attributed to M Raichand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Diagnosis and therapeutic surgery of the uvea--Part II: Results.

Fifty-five patients underwent eye wall biopsy (11) or eye wall resection (44). Eye wall resection was performed for suspected melanoma in 42 cases and large von Hippel angiomas in an additional two patients. Two of the 35 individuals with choroidal melanoma died, representing a 5.7% mortality rate over a mean follow-up period of more than five years. Visual acuity, ocular morbidity, and tumor-associated deaths in this series are compared with results using other treatment modalities for choroidal melanoma.

Angiomatosis↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis and therapeutic surgery of the uvea--Part I: Surgical technique.

Surgical techniques of iridocyclectomy, iridochoroidectomy, eye wall resection, eye wall biopsy, and ab interno retinochoridectomy are described. Surgical approaches to uveal neoplasms offer a new alternative for management of these disorders. Uveal and retinal biopsy expand our knowledge of pathological processes involved in tapetoretinal degeneration and uveitides. Additionally, both eye wall biopsy and resection provide tissue to confirm tumor diagnosis and malignancy.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

Electron microscopic study of toxicity of intravitreal injections of gentamicin in primates.

Seven eyes of four young adult cynomolgus monkeys were injected intravitreally with 0.4 mg of gentamicin. One eye was enucleated after 1 day, and two eyes were enucleated after 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month. The control eye received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 mL of saline and was enucleated after 1 week. All the eyes underwent electroretinography and ophthalmoscopy before and after treatment. No differences were detected by these techniques or by light and electron microscopy between the experimental eyes and the control.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ten years experience with eye wall resection for uveal malignant melanomas.

Thirty-four patients underwent eye wall resection for choroidal malignant melanoma over a period of more than ten years. Of these, 11 eyes were later enucleated for complications. Average mean follow-up has been more than 5.3 years. Postoperative visual acuity ranged from light perception to 20/30. Two patients developed liver metastasis 4 years following eye wall resection and later died. However, no local metastasis has been observed. Two patients died from unrelated causes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Histopathologic studies on transscleral argon-krypton photocoagulation with an exolaser probe.

We performed argon and krypton laser photocoagulation of the retina and ciliary body on rabbit and monkey eyes using an exolaser probe. Clinically, transscleral retinal lesions produced a white circumscribed reaction. Histologically, we observed necrosis of the retina and choroid. Chronic lesions showed disorganization of the retina and formation of chorioretinal scars. Transciliary body laser coagulation damaged the ciliary body and its processes. The intraocular pressure was reduced in rabbits for one week and in monkeys for two weeks after 360 degrees transciliary laser coagulation. Scleral involvement was a common finding in transscleral laser coagulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Resection of uveal melanocytoma: clinicopathological correlation.

Four patients had pigmented lesions in the anterior uveal tract and choroid which presented clinically as malignant melanomas. All the lesions were successfully removed by local excision. Histopathological studies showed the tumours to be melanocytomas, indicating that enucleation or irradiation would have been contraindicated. The 3 patients with iris and ciliary body melanocytomas continue to maintain corrected visual acuities of 20/30 or better. In the patient with choroidal melanocytoma central visual acuity was compromised owing to cystoid macular oedema. All 3 melanocytomas involving the anterior segment were located inferiorly. Biomicroscopically, they were chocolate coloured (not black) and resembled malignant melanomas of the same location. The choroidal melanocytoma also resembled a malignant melanoma by ophthalmoscopic and angiographic criteria, and did not have the jet black or homogeneous pigmentation that characterises most melanocytomas of the disc.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effects of argon and krypton laser on experimentally detached retinas.

Krypton and argon laser photocoagulation on the foveas and blood vessels of experimentally detached monkey retinas were studied clinicopathologically. In this manner heat transmission from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to the overlying sensory retina was avoided. Krypton lesions bypassed the sensory retina on every occasion to produce major photocoagulative effects at the level of the RPE and choroid. Argon laser wavelengths damaged the overlying retina in the foveal areas as well as in perivascular structures. Although the krypton laser appears preferable for treatment of macular diseases, proper parameters should be used to avoid serious complications.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Anti-inflammatory action of dexamethasone in vitrectomy infusion fluid.

Vitrectomy and lensectomy were performed in rabbits with infusion fluid containing dexamethasone. No ocular toxicity was observed in eyes that received dexamethasone up to a concentration of 400 micrograms/ml. Utilizing sensitive radioimmunoassay techniques after surgery, we observed significant reduction in ocular albumin levels in eyes treated with dexamethasone when compared with control eyes in which dexamethasone was not used. However, there was no significant difference in immunoglobulin levels between eyes from both groups.

Albumins↗
PubMed1981

Full-thickness eye-wall biopsy: long-term results in 9 patients.

Nine patients who had an eye-wall biopsy were evaluated for long-term results. The follow-up time ranged from 2 1/2 months to 7 years. Six patients were followed up for more than 2 years. Few operative and postoperative complications were observed. Except for 1 patient with reticulum cell sarcoma, all eyes retained preoperative visual acuity. Tractional retinal detachment occurred only in 1 patient, who had vitreous bands around the biopsy site and did not undergo a simultaneous vitrectomy during the biopsy operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Secondary pupillary membranes treated by the pars plana/pars plicata approach: long-term results of 108 cases.

One hundred and eight pupillary membranes treated with the vitrophage through a pars plicata or pars plana approach were evaluated for long-term results. The average follow-up was 3.86 years, with a range of 1 to 7 years. No major operative complications were encountered. Anatomical success was achieved in all cases. Vision improved in 67.5% of eyes. In 4 cases (3.7%) postoperative visual acuity was worse, because of glaucoma secondary to previous blunt ocular trauma. Six cases showed delay rhegmatogenous retinal detachment postoperatively. These could not be attributed to the surgical procedure per se.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Netilmicin: new aminoglycoside effective against bacterial endophthalmitis.

Bacterial endophthalmitis is difficult to treat because antibiotics administered systemically, subconjuctivally or topically cannot be delivered in bactericidal amounts to the infected tissues. Netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside, is active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus and most Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coll, Klebsiella and Enterobacter, that have been resistant to other aminoglycosides. In rabbits an intravitreal injection of 250 mu g/0.1 ml rapidly provided a bactericidal concentration (greater than 10 mu g/ml) in the vitreous, and this level was maintained for 100 hours. This dose was not toxic to ocular tissues, unlike higher doses (1000 to 2000 mu g). Intravenous, subconjunctival and topical administration yielded only low concentrations of the drug in the vitreous, although subconjunctival injection yield significant concentrations in the aqueous for 4 hours. Experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis was quickly eradicated by a single intravitreal dose of netilmicin without detectable sequelae in 9 to 10 eyes studied. A solution of netilmicin infused during vitrectomy and lensectomy prevented infection.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Fundus photocoagulation with the argon and krypton lasers: a comparative study.

Photocoagulation of the monkey fundus with an argon-krypton laser photocoagulator was performed. Lesions produced by argon and krypton wavelengths were compared at various power settings, spot sizes, and exposure durations. At low energy levels argon laser lesions appeared clinically stronger than those produced by the krypton mode. Lesions in the foveal area produced with the argon laser demonstrated more extensive microscopic damage to the inner retinal layers than did those produced with the krypton laser. Histologically, both modalities affected the outer layers of the retina. However, the krypton wavelength affected more of the choriocapillaries and the larger choroidal vessels than the argon wavelengths. Conversely, argon laser coagulation of the retinal vessels damaged the perivascular tissue in the nerve fiber layer more than the krypton laser did. Rupture of Bruch's membrane and choroidal hemorrhage occurred frequently with the krypton laser at low energy levels when a small spot size and a short coagulation time were used. Both complications were less likely to occur with argon burns at similar dosage parameters. By choosing larger spot sizes and longer coagulation times for the krypton laser, these complications were prevented.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prevention and management of traumatic endophthalmitis.

Twelve cases of traumatic culture-proven endophthalmitis were treated with intraocular antibiotics or in combination with vitrectomy. In 11 cases, the eyes were saved and in 10 the visual acuity was equal to or better than 20/200.

Adolescent↗