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Biomedical subjects

M Raichand

Publications and source records attributed to M Raichand.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Management of endophthalmitis with pars plana vitrectomy.

Pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics is an effective technique in the treatment of culture-proved endophthalmitis. Best results are obtained when the therapy is instituted early in the course of infection, preferably during the first 36 hours of the onset of symptoms, and when the infective organism is of low virulence. In our 20 cases of culture-proved endophthalmitis 17 eyes (85%) were saved and had some degree of useful vision. Thirteen (65%) eyes had a visual acuity of 20/400 or better. Three eyes (15%) were lost.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Vitrectomy in the management of intraocular foreign bodies and their complications.

Twenty-six eyes with intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) and/or their sequelae were treated by pars plana vitrectomy and associated surgery. One-step removal of the IOFB in combination with pars plana vitrectomy resulted in early visual rehabilitation and minimal complications. Of 11 eyes with IOFB treated by primary vitrectomy at the time of IOFB removal 20/50 or better visual acuity was obtained in 10 (91%). Four of these eyes had retinal injury, 3 of which were successfully repaired without subsequent complication and with retention of good visual function. In 3 eyes IOFBs were not removed owing to chronic retinal encapsulation. These eyes continue to retain good visual acuity, and ERG studies show no evidence of retinal toxicity. Of 12 eyes in which vitrectomy was performed for sequelae of IOFB only 5 (41%) showed visual improvement better than 20/50. Only in 2 of 7 eyes with tractional retinal detachment could the retina be reattached. In cases of retinal injury primary vitrectomy, cryocoagulation, and scleral buckling are suggested for prevention of late traction retinal detachment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Modification of rabbit corneal curvature with use of carbon dioxide laser burns.

Carbon dioxide laser burns of varied intensity, location, and pattern were produced on rabbit corneas. Evaluation of the parameters required to produce an optimal corneal lesion showed that lesions made with 8 W caused perforation of rabbit corneas. Various laser burn patterns were studied for their effect on the rabbit corneal curvature. This was followed by comparison of effect of laser burns on corneal curvature with that of untreated contralateral eyes. The effects of the burns on the corneal curvative were measured for 12 weeks with use of a standard keratometer in the 90 degree and 180 degrees axes. No significant changes in the corneal curvature were noted in the experimental versus the control eyes. Carbon dioxide laser burns were not effective in modifying corneal curvature in this study.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Anti-inflammatory action of topical indomethacin.

Topically applied indomethacin before and after pars plana lensectomy-vitrectomy in an experimental rabbit model reduces postoperative inflammation, as demonstrated by a statistically significant inhibition of protein elevation in the ocular fluid.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Surgical management of senile scleromalacia.

Senile scleral plaques may progress to senile scleromalacia. A patient is described who presented with a scleral defect which appeared dangerously close to perforation. Surgical management of this patient with an autologous scleral graft is discussed.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1979

Full-thickness eye wall resection of choroidal neoplasms.

Sclerochorioretinal (full-thickness eye wall) resection was performed in 19 eyes with choroidal neoplasms. Thirteen of these eyes have retained useful vision, ranging from 20/25 to counting fingers. Six eyes had intraoperative and postoperative complications that have led to enucleation. During follow-up, ranging from 1 1/2 years to 6 years, none of these patients had had local or systemic metastasis. Full-thickness eye wall resection, in suitable cases, provides an alternative method of managing choroidal neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Xenon arc panretinal photocoagulation for central retinal vein occlusion: a randomised prospective study.

Thirty-three patients with central vein occlusion were evaluated for the effects of scatter xenon arc panretinal photocoagulation. Thirty-four eyes (2 eyes of 1 patient) were randomly divided into a treatment (15 eyes) and a nontreatment group (19 eyes). The average follow-up per eye has been 29 months. The visual prognosis was not significantly better in either group. There was no difference in the development of fundus neovascularisation between groups. None of the patients in the treated group developed rubeosis or neovascular glaucoma. Two patients in the nontreatment group initially had rubeosis and 3 developed it after entry. All 5 involved eyes developed neovascular glaucoma. A significantly greater amount of central retinal capillary drop-out was present in the untreated eyes that developed rubeosis than those untreated eyes which did not. The eyes in the treated group had a similar range of capillary drop-out area, but none of these eyes developed rubeosis or neovascular glaucoma. Panretinal photocoagulation prevented the development of rubeosis and neovascular glaucoma in susceptible eyes.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Management of subluxated and dislocated lenses with the vitrophage.

Thirty-two eyes with subluxated and disclosed lenses were surgically managed by means of the vitrophage. The best results were obtained for those cases in which subluxation or dislocation of lenses into the vitreous was not associated with other complications such as glaucoma, perforating injuries, and retinal detachment. No major intraoperative or postoperative problems were seen in uncomplicated cases during a follow-up period ranging from 5 to 45 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Sickled erythrocytes, hyphema, and secondary glaucoma: II. Injected sickle cell erythrocytes into human, monkey, and guinea pig anterior chambers: the induction of sickling and secondary glaucoma.

Injection of sickle cell erythrocytes (SS, SC, Sthal, and AS) into the anterior chambers of living human, monkey, and guinea pig eyes resulted in conversion of erythrocytes to the sickled configuration. Immune responses did not appear to play an important role in influencing this phenomenon. The number of cells sickled was directly related to the concentration of hemoglobin S. In human and monkey eyes, the severity of elevated IOP appeared to be related to the type of cells injected and their concentration of hemoglobin S. Even the ordinarily benign genotype of sickle cell trait demonstrated sickling in the anterior chamber and elevation of the IOP.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Sickled erythrocytes, hyphema, and secondary glaucoma: III. Effects of sicle cell and normal human blood samples in rabbit anterior chambers.

When injected into rabbit anterior chambers, human sickle cell erythrocytes cause more intense and prolonged effects than do nonsickling erythrocytes. The consequences of injected sickle cell trait erythrocytes are not less severe than those of injected SC, SS, and Sthal erythrocytes. Regardless of hemoglobin composition, blood with a higher hematocrit value causes more severe complications than blood with a lower hematocrit value.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1979

Massive retinal gliosis simulating choroidal melanoma.

A pigmented fundus lesion in a 47-year-old woman gave a positive 32P test result and angiography showed a separate tumor circulation suggesting a diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. Examination after local resection of the tumor revealed massive retinal gliosis, a rare condition not normally considered in the differential diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. We review the clincial and histologic features that differentiate massive retinal gliosis from choroidal melanoma and astrocytic hamartoma.

Choroid Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

Four hundred consecutive pars plana vitrectomies with the vitrophage.

We performed 400 consecutive pars plana vitrectomies, using the vitrophage. Most patients (68%) showed some degree of visual improvement; only 8% had a decline in visual acuity postoperatively. The major operative complications were controllable bleeding from iris vessels and intravitreal stalks (19%) and retinal tears (2%). No retinal dialysis was noted. The major, early postoperative complications were related to corneal decompensation in 38% of the cases; this persisted beyond two weeks in only 7%. Increased intraocular pressure occurred in 19% and postoperative rubeosis iridis developed in 10% of the diabetic patients. Complications related to rebleeding occurred in 18% of the diabetic patients within the first two weeks, and an additional 9% had late rebleeding. Less frequent complications included one case of endophthalmitis, late retinal detachment in 5%, and phthisis bulbi in 2% of all cases. All complications were considerably more frequent and severe in the diabetic population.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1978

Peptostreptococcal endophthalmitis with a relapsing course.

A posttraumatic exogenous endophthalmitis developed that was due to Peptostreptococcus. This Gram-positive anaerobe was isolated in pure culture from vitreous. The endophthalmitis showed a bacteriologic and clinical relapse despite conventional routes of antimicrobial treatment. A second clinical relapse occurred despite apparent vitreal sterilization with intravitreal antibiotics. The response to vitrectomy was impressive, and postoperatively the patient's visual acuity improved to 20/20.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Metastatic Peptostreptococcus intermedius endophthalmitis after a dental procedure.

A 46-year-old man developed symptoms of a chronic progressive uveitis in his right eye approximately one week after a dental procedure. The patient's intraocular inflammation was not diminished by massive treatment with topical and systemic corticosteroid therapy or intravenously administered adrenocorticotropic hormone. The inflammatory process progressed to an overt endophthalmitis during a period of three weeks and the eye eventually required evisceration. A pure culture of Peptostreptococcus intermedius was isolated from the eye. The most likely source of this organism was hematologic transport following a dental procedure.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1978

Experimental aspects and their clinical application.

After laboratory evaluation of nontoxic doses of intravitreal antibiotics, 26 cases of bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis were treated by intravitreal antibiotic or vitrectomy. In 46% of all cases, visual acuity was better than 20/100, whereas 27% had light perception to 20/300 visual acuity, 4% had no light perception, and 23% of the cases were enucleated or eviscerated. Best results have been achieved when the treatment began within 36 hours after symptomatic onset of infection and when the organism involved was not to virulent. We advocate intravitreal antibiotics immediately after intracameral and vitreous tap for culture, to be followed by vitrectomy 24 hours later if the culture is positive. In bacterial endophthalamitis when the vitreous is severely involved and in cases of fungal endophthalmitis, we advocate vitrectomy plus intravitreal antibiotics as the primary procedure.

Animals↗