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Biomedical subjects

M Rotter

Publications and source records attributed to M Rotter.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Identification of Gram negative rods and evaluation of their antibiotic sensitivity: comparison of the BIOTEST MHK/ID-system with the API 20E-system and the agar diffusion test].

BIOTEST MHK/ID is a new system for the identification of gramnegative fermentative and non fermentative rods and for the simultaneous determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against 15 antimicrobial drugs. Its identification system was compared with the API 20E kit. When the computer generated identification manuals for each of the systems were used 99.5% of the 190 strains tested were identified. Of these identifications 98.4% were identical. Comparing the results of altogether 16 biochemical reactions 92.3% (table 4) were conformable. Considering each single test low agreement was found with the results of the Citrate-, Urea-, Voges-Proskauer- and Arginindehydrolase-tests (76.8, 79.5, 85.3 and 86.8% agreement, respectively). The BIOTEST MHK/ID system yielded more positive reactions. But despite of these differences there was no influence on the accuracy in identifying the species. Thus, both systems must be considered equally suited to identify gramnegative rods. The results of both BIOTEST MHK/ID system (MIC-values) and the agardiffusion test (inhibition zone sizes) were transferred into the interpretative criteria "sensitive", "intermediate" and "resistant" (table 1) and compared for each strain. The overall-agreement amounted to 93.0% (table 7). With the MIC-test, however, more (7.2%) strains were found "intermediate" than with the agardiffusion test (3.1%, table 8).

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Vaginal bacterial flora of patients with operated endometrial carcinoma prior to and following intracavitary vaginal irradiation (Ir-192, afterloading)].

In a prospective bacteriological and clinical study the vaginal bacterial flora of 35 patients with endometrial carcinoma, who underwent surgery 4 to 6 weeks earlier, was investigated prior to and following intracavitary vaginal irradiation with 10 Gy in 0,75 cm(Ir-192, afterloading device, Buchler). Bacteriological swabs were taken prior to and following ther insertion of a tube applicator. Anaerobic transport-media were used an cultures were performed aerobically and anaerobically. The mean number of aerobic species per patient increased slightly from 3.26 to 3.60 (n.s), anaerobic species remained constant (1.36 before and 1.30 after irradiation). Also the frequency of isolation of most aerobic and of all anaerobic species was statistically not altered following irradiation. Staphylococcus epidermidis decreased from 51.4% to 22.8% significantly (2 p less than 0.05), Micrococci increased from 0.0% to 11.4% (2 p less than 0.05) and aerobic sporeformers form 0.0% to 34.3% (2 p less than 0.01). Among the anaerobes Pepto- and Peptostreptococci were isolated prior to and following intracavitary irradiation in 11 to 14%, Bacteroides-species in 11 to 20%. Our bacteriological results suggest, that intracavitary irradiation in the therapeutically usual doses has no sterilizing effect on the vaginal flora. This flora plays an important role in infection following gynecologic radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Penicillin-resistance as indicator of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus towards cephalosporines and structure-related substances (author's transl)].

81 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (41 methicillin-resistant and 40 -sensitive ones) were tested against older and newer cephalosporines in both broth-dilution and agardiffusion-tests using Mueller-Hinton (MH)-broth and MH-agar respectively in order to establish the degree of parallel-resistance. The substances used were cephalothin, cefazolin, cephalexin, cefamandol, cefuroxim, cefoxitin, cefotaxim and cefsulodin. Furthermore, for reasons of comparison the relatively new substance "Oxabetalaktam" was included in the investigation. As shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1 all methicillin-resistant strains required at the average at least 10 times the concentrations of cephalosporine (excepting cefsulodin) which was necessary to inhibit methicillin-sensitive strains. Again excepting cefsulodin, for each cephalosporine there was a clear bimodal distribution indicating a clear separation of both populations of strains: methicillin-sensitive and -resistant ones. Cephalothin cannot be used as test substance in agardiffusion-tests with staphylococci as there is no correlation between MIC and the inhibition zone size (Fig. 2). This is not necessary, anyway, since all methicillin-resistant strains must be regarded as resistant against virtually all cephalosporines available on the market (with the possible exception of cefamandol). By contrast, all methicillin-sensitive strains may be attacked successfully by concentrations of cephalosporines that are thought to be also effective in vivo. Since in agardiffusion-tests methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus are recognizable as easily as are otherwise merely penicillinase-producing ones (5) by using a paper disk loaded with 6 microgram benzyl-penicillin and since infections due to other grampositive organisms than staphylococci are no indication for treatment with cephalosporines there is no need to test any other betalactam-antibiotic than benzyl-penicillin with gram-positive organisms.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1981

[Endometrial bacteriology in puerperal infections (author's transl)].

From the third to the sixth day postpartum transcervical endometrial swabs were taken from 51 women with the clinical signs of endometritis, like fever over 38 degree C, uterine tenderness and purulent lochia using prereduced anaerobic transport-media. The specimens were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. 27 women had an endometritis following vaginal delivery, 24 following caesarian section. Following vaginal delivery aerobic bacteria were isolated in 85.2% of the cases and anaerobic bacteria in 62.9%, post caesarian section in 75.1% aerobic and in 83.3% anaerobic bacteria. A mixed aerobic/anaerobic infection was found in 48.1% following vaginal delivery and in 58.4% post caesarian section. The aerobes most frequently recovered were Staphylococcus epidermidis, E. coli, Enterocococci and Streptococci, the prevalent anaerobes were the grampositive anaerobic cocci, Peptostreptococcus and Peptococcus, and Bacteroides species. Our results suggest that anaerobic bacterial play an important role in the endometritis post partum and that frequently a polymicrobial aerobic/anaerobic infection is present. Therapeutically, anaerobes should be taken into consideration especially for the treatment of severer infections following caesarian section. In such cases the 5-Nitroimidazoles, such as Metronidazole or antibiotics effective against anaerobes as Clindamycin or Cefoxitin should be administered.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1981

[Prerequisites for enhancement of the efficacy of fosfomycin by glucose-6-phosphate in treatment of experimentally infected animals (author's transl)].

In chemotherapy of otherwise fatally infected mice (intraperitoneally) the effective dose50 (ED50) of fosfomycin (2 single doses, subcutaneous application 1 and 6 h post infect.) was decreased significantly by supplementing the antibiotic solution with 100 mg glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) per kg animal and per injection if also the MIC of the infecting strain (Klebsiella oxytoca and K. aerogenes II) was lowered by addition of G-6-P (25 mg/l) to the nutrient medium (Table 1 and 2). With strains not exhibiting any influence on the MIC no such effect was observed (Table 1). From this it is concluded that the enhancement of antimicrobial activity of fosfomycin in vivo is based on the same mechanism as in vitro. This mechanism is the initiation of a second route of transportation into the bacterial cell (7), the hexose-6-phosphate transport system that apparently is inducible not only in vitro but also in vivo. Blood levels of G-6-P sufficient or above to induce this system in vitro (5 mg/l) were being held with doses of 100 mg/kg body weight in dogs during 70 to 120 min (Fig. 3) and 45 to 70 min (Fig. 4) when applied subcutaneously or intravenously respectively. These periods of contact area adequate to induce a considerable decrease of the MIC. With the strain used (K. oxytoca) the MIC of 128 mg/l was lowered by contact with G-6-P during 60 or 120 min to 16 or 8 mg/l respectively (Fig. 5). For full induction of the hexose-6-phosphate system resulting in a MIC of 2 mg/l however, 8 h were necessary. From the above findings it is concluded that clinical studies are necessary. As G-6-P is a (short-lived) physiological product of cell metabolism and nontoxic such studies are justifiable in cases where therapeutic use of fosfomycin can be regarded as an indication.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Antibacterial efficacy of some gargles in vivo (author's transl)].

Commercially available gargles containing (hexetidin 0.1%, dequaliniumchloride 0.01%, benzydamin 0.15%) or not containing (OdolTM 0.5%) antibacterials as well as hydrogen-peroxide (3% ml/ml) and aqua dest. as a control tested for their antibacterial efficacy in vivo by applying them for 30 s. Standardized mouth- and throat-washings of 15 volunteers were examined for their aerobic viable counts before as well as 5 and 60 min after gargling. The 5-minutes values (tab. 1) indicated only hexetidin to reduce the oro-pharyngeal flora significantly though not very profoundly by 0.95 orders of magnitude. Usage of the other gargles caused only log reductions of 0.16 to 0.39, aqua dest. such of 0.23. Sixty minutes after treatment (tab 2.) there was still a small but significant reduction of 0.61 log units demonstrable with hexetidin and the viable counts after treatment with hydrogen-peroxide were 0.31 log units below the baseline. The log reductions as assessed with the other gargles ranged 0.0 to 0.18. It is concluded that the favourable therapeutic effects observed clinically with many "antiseptic" gargles with infections of the upper respiratory tract are not based on the antibacterial efficacy of such preparations.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed1980

[Cases of gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter fetus jejuni in Vienna].

Campylobacter fetus jejuni is a gram-negative spiral or comma-shaped rod, belonging to the family of Spirillaceae. It is now recognised as a cause of human gastroenteritis with fever. Recently, many reports have been published about sporadic cases as well as epidemic outbreaks. A symptomless carrier-state is also known. The mode of transmission is not yet fully understood. Direct, faecal-oral and indirect transmission especially via food contaminated with faeces are suspected. Recently, we isolated C. fetus jejuni from 4 out of 193 fecal samples stemming from patients with gastroenteritis. Cultures from 247 samples originating from patients without any enteritic symptoms yielded growth of this bacterium only once. All cultures were performed on selective media according to Skirrow. A short description of the course of illness is given for each case. As a consequence of its wide-spread occurrence and with respect to the relatively high frequency of its isolation, which is comparable to that of Salmonellae, this pathogen should be searched for in all faecal specimens of patients suffering from gastroenteritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[A spate of listeriosis in newborn infants in Vienna (author's transl)].

Twelve years after the last bacteriologically verified case of human listeriosis was reported in Austria, 3 cases of neonatal listeriosis have been observed in Vienna within the space of a few months. In 2 patients the disease was definitely septicaemic, whilst the third suffered from predominantly pneumonic manifestations. As the clinical picture is not uniform, neonatal listeriosis may be difficult to recognize. Therefore, the consulted physician ought always to consider this disease, when he is confronted with obscure infections in newborn infants. The most important and, indeed, only diagnostic investigation to prove suspected listeriosis is bacteriological culture. Serological findings do not offer a conclusive diagnosis in cases of this disease.

Austria↗
PubMed1980

[A simple method for differentiating methicillin-resistant, penicillinase-positive and -negative staphylococci by agardiffusion test (author's transl)].

Coagulase-positive staphylococci (41 methicillin-resistant strains, 28 penicillinase-positive and 12 penicillinase-negative strains) were tested against most types of penicillines commercially available on the Austrian market using both broth-dilution test (incubated during 48 hours at 35 degrees C) and agardiffusion tests (incubated during 24 hours at 30, 35 and 37 degrees C) employing Mueller-Hinton-broth and -agar, respectively, in order to find out the most convenient way of detecting methicillin-resistant strains. Consecutively, the conclusions drawn from these experiments were verified for tests on Isosensitest-agar (Oxoid). It was demonstrated that methicillin-resistant strains could be detected easily with discs of methicillin and oxacillin at 30 degrees C (Fig. 1). At 35 degrees C this was nearly as easily possible for methicillin but oxacillin discs had to be used at amounts of 1 microgram instead of 5 microgram. Excepting penicillin G-discs with the other penicillines differing numbers of methicillin-resistant strains would have been missed at 37 degrees C (Fig. 1, 2). Only with discs containing 6 microgram penicillin G methicillin-resistant strains were unequivocally identifiable in the agardiffusion test at all 3 incubation-temperatures (Fig. 3), the largest inhibition zone diameter being 12 mm. Penicillinase-positive but methicillin-sensitive strains always produced larger inhibition zones up to 30 mm. From these strains again penicillinase-negative strains were equally well distinguishable by much larger inhibition zones. So, the conclusion was drawn that on Mueller-Hinton agar one disc loaded with 6 microgram of penicillin G allows proper distinction not only of methicillin-resistant and -sensitive but also of penicillinase-positive and -negative strains of staphylococci. On Isosensitest-agar this is true for an incubation-temperature of 35 but not 37 degrees C (Tab. 1).

Culture Media↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison of API-10s and Minitek with conventional biochemical tests (author's transl)].

2 biochemical test-kits, API-10S and MINITEK, and conventional biochemical tests were used in parallel for testing 292 strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The same 10 biochemical tests were performed in all three systems. In addition the Voges-Proskauer reaction was tested in the conventional and the Minitek-system. The individual biochemical testreactions and diagnoses were compared. An overall average of tests indicated an agreement of 92.6% (Tab. 2). Urease-activity and citrate-utilisation showed the lowest agreement (70.5 and 74.3% respectively). 93.4% of the diagnose obtained with API- and 96.2% of those with MINITEK were identical to the diagnosis obtained by the conventional method. The Voges-Proskauer reaction was found to be more reliable for correct identification than the citrate-utilisation which - inspite of its very low agreement (Tab. 3) - has not influenced the diagnoses.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1980

[Improvement of the therapeutic efficacy of fosfomycin by addition of glucose-6-phosphate in the treatment of intraperitoneally infected mice (author's transl)].

The increase of antimicrobial activity of Fosfomycin by glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) has often been demonstrated by in vitro studies. However, this effect was never sufficiently established in vivo. Our study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the addition of G-6-P to Fosfomycin in white mice (strain G.P. of N.I.H.), which were intraperitoneally infected with a strain of S. typhimurium (10(3) c.f.u/0.5 ml i.p.). One and six hours after the infection, 0.1 ml consisting of increasing doses of G-6-P (0, 5, 25, 50, 250 and 500 micrograms/g) and decreasing doses of Fosfomycin (15.6, 7.8, 3.9, 1.95, 0.98 and 0.49 micrograms/g) were applied i.m., using 10 animals for each combination. Tables 1 and 2 show the results of this therapy with regard to the reduction of the ED50 of Fosfomycin. It can be seen that the addition of 25 micrograms G-6-P/g body-weight significantly reduces the ED50 within the first days (Tab. 1), while doses of 50 and more micrograms G-6-P/g significantly reduce the ED50 during the whole investigation period (Tab. 2). These results justify the proposal to use a combination of Fosfomycin and G-6-P in clinical studies for the treatment of human infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Orthograde intestinal irrigation as a preoperative intestinal preparation. Reduction of the intestinal flora using antibiotics].

Whole gut irrigation is a now a well-established method of preoperative bowel preparation. Additional reduction of bacterial content is desirable. The influence of neomycin/bacitracin and clindamycin as well as the combination, as admixture to the whole gut irrigation, on the flora of the large intestine, was therefore investigated in a prospective controlled study. While neomycin/bacitracin caused only a reduction of aerobic, and clindamycin of the anaerobic bacteriae, the combination resulted in a nearly total eradication of detectable bacterial content at the time of operation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗