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M Rotter

Publications and source records attributed to M Rotter.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

[A simple method for differentiating methicillin-resistant, penicillinase-positive and -negative staphylococci by agardiffusion test (author's transl)].

Coagulase-positive staphylococci (41 methicillin-resistant strains, 28 penicillinase-positive and 12 penicillinase-negative strains) were tested against most types of penicillines commercially available on the Austrian market using both broth-dilution test (incubated during 48 hours at 35 degrees C) and agardiffusion tests (incubated during 24 hours at 30, 35 and 37 degrees C) employing Mueller-Hinton-broth and -agar, respectively, in order to find out the most convenient way of detecting methicillin-resistant strains. Consecutively, the conclusions drawn from these experiments were verified for tests on Isosensitest-agar (Oxoid). It was demonstrated that methicillin-resistant strains could be detected easily with discs of methicillin and oxacillin at 30 degrees C (Fig. 1). At 35 degrees C this was nearly as easily possible for methicillin but oxacillin discs had to be used at amounts of 1 microgram instead of 5 microgram. Excepting penicillin G-discs with the other penicillines differing numbers of methicillin-resistant strains would have been missed at 37 degrees C (Fig. 1, 2). Only with discs containing 6 microgram penicillin G methicillin-resistant strains were unequivocally identifiable in the agardiffusion test at all 3 incubation-temperatures (Fig. 3), the largest inhibition zone diameter being 12 mm. Penicillinase-positive but methicillin-sensitive strains always produced larger inhibition zones up to 30 mm. From these strains again penicillinase-negative strains were equally well distinguishable by much larger inhibition zones. So, the conclusion was drawn that on Mueller-Hinton agar one disc loaded with 6 microgram of penicillin G allows proper distinction not only of methicillin-resistant and -sensitive but also of penicillinase-positive and -negative strains of staphylococci. On Isosensitest-agar this is true for an incubation-temperature of 35 but not 37 degrees C (Tab. 1).

Culture Media↗
PubMed1980

[Comparison of API-10s and Minitek with conventional biochemical tests (author's transl)].

2 biochemical test-kits, API-10S and MINITEK, and conventional biochemical tests were used in parallel for testing 292 strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The same 10 biochemical tests were performed in all three systems. In addition the Voges-Proskauer reaction was tested in the conventional and the Minitek-system. The individual biochemical testreactions and diagnoses were compared. An overall average of tests indicated an agreement of 92.6% (Tab. 2). Urease-activity and citrate-utilisation showed the lowest agreement (70.5 and 74.3% respectively). 93.4% of the diagnose obtained with API- and 96.2% of those with MINITEK were identical to the diagnosis obtained by the conventional method. The Voges-Proskauer reaction was found to be more reliable for correct identification than the citrate-utilisation which - inspite of its very low agreement (Tab. 3) - has not influenced the diagnoses.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1980

[Improvement of the therapeutic efficacy of fosfomycin by addition of glucose-6-phosphate in the treatment of intraperitoneally infected mice (author's transl)].

The increase of antimicrobial activity of Fosfomycin by glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) has often been demonstrated by in vitro studies. However, this effect was never sufficiently established in vivo. Our study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of the addition of G-6-P to Fosfomycin in white mice (strain G.P. of N.I.H.), which were intraperitoneally infected with a strain of S. typhimurium (10(3) c.f.u/0.5 ml i.p.). One and six hours after the infection, 0.1 ml consisting of increasing doses of G-6-P (0, 5, 25, 50, 250 and 500 micrograms/g) and decreasing doses of Fosfomycin (15.6, 7.8, 3.9, 1.95, 0.98 and 0.49 micrograms/g) were applied i.m., using 10 animals for each combination. Tables 1 and 2 show the results of this therapy with regard to the reduction of the ED50 of Fosfomycin. It can be seen that the addition of 25 micrograms G-6-P/g body-weight significantly reduces the ED50 within the first days (Tab. 1), while doses of 50 and more micrograms G-6-P/g significantly reduce the ED50 during the whole investigation period (Tab. 2). These results justify the proposal to use a combination of Fosfomycin and G-6-P in clinical studies for the treatment of human infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Orthograde intestinal irrigation as a preoperative intestinal preparation. Reduction of the intestinal flora using antibiotics].

Whole gut irrigation is a now a well-established method of preoperative bowel preparation. Additional reduction of bacterial content is desirable. The influence of neomycin/bacitracin and clindamycin as well as the combination, as admixture to the whole gut irrigation, on the flora of the large intestine, was therefore investigated in a prospective controlled study. While neomycin/bacitracin caused only a reduction of aerobic, and clindamycin of the anaerobic bacteriae, the combination resulted in a nearly total eradication of detectable bacterial content at the time of operation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

[Yersinia enterocolitica--a still infrequently isolated pathogen in Austria (author's transl)].

Yersinia enterocolitica--recognized as a distinct taxonomic entity in 1964--belongs to the family of enterobacteriaceae. It has been isolated with increasing frequency from human and animal sources as well as from food and non-chlorinated water. Yersinia enterocolitica can produce enteritis in man, accompanied or followed in adults by erythema nodosum, arthralgia and/or acute arthritis. Rarely, septicaemia with a high mortality rate has been encountered. A cold-temperature enrichment method was used to examine 1135 faecal specimens; 11 were positive for Yersinia enterocolitica. Symptoms of enteritis were reported by all 8 patients whose faeces contained the bacterium; a brief description is given of the course of illness in each patient. Biochemical and serological properties of the isolates are discussed with special reference to some unusual results obtained with the commerical API-20 E system for identification of enterobacteriaceae when incubated overnight at 35 degrees C.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Has the rate of resistant staphylococci increased recently? (author's transl)].

In clinical material sent to the Clinic for Chemotherapy and the Institute of Hygiene of Vienna University between 1973 and 1978, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 0.9-2.3% and 4.2-11.9% respectively. The rate of resistance of the clinic material to oxacillin increased from 0.8 to 16.0%, to cephalothin from 3.3 to 30.5%, to gentamicin from 0.0 to 43.3%, and to erythromycin from 0.8 to 40.2%. In material sent to the Institute of Hygiene the rate of resistance to oxacillin was stable at 13.8%, and to cephalothin remained fairly constant at 2.4%. On the other hand, the rate of resistance to gentamicin increased from 0.5 to 48.5%, and to erythromycin from 19.8 to 56.9%. The reasons for these alarming increases in resistance and the conclusions which should be drawn are discussed.

Austria↗
PubMed1978

[Whole gut irrigation for large bowel preparation (author's transl)].

In a controlled trial whole gut irrigation (w.g.i.) was compared with elemental diet for 4 days as large bowel preparation. Cleansing effect, caloric intake and preparation time were significantly better in the first group (w.g.i.). In addition w.g.i. was routinely used studying 42 patients in an open trial which showed also a reliable cleansing effect and good practicability. At present the experience refers to a total of 163 preparations by means of w.g.i. In a further study the efficacy of w.g.i. for removal of blood from the intestinal tract in patients with bleeding esophageal varices was investigated. In 8 out of 11 cases a complete removal of the blood masses was obtained, 3 of these patients showed an improvement of the preexisting coma-stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Investigations on bloodcultures with three culture media containing Na-polyanetholsulfonate (aerobic iso- and hypertonic and anaerobic isotonic (author's transl)].

By using parallel culture techniques 330 blood specimens steming from patients of an intensive care unit were cultured simultanously in 3 media containing 0.05% Na-Poly-anetholsulfonate. Otherwise having an identical composition the media differed in the following respects : the isotonic medium A and the - by additional content of 10% sucrose - hypertonic medium B were used for aerobic culture. The anaerobic and isotonic medium C contained 2% Proteose-peptone, additionally. Without regards to the isolation of strictly anaerobic bacteria a total of 114 positive bloodcultures was obtained (tab. 1). The use of medium A resulted in 81 positive bloodcultures, that of medium B and C in 93 and 50, respectively (tab. 2). With the combined use of media A + B 103 positive bloodcultures would have been detected, with B + C 102, but with A + C 92 only (tab. 2). Of all 3 media the hypertonic medium B promotes bacterial growth most efficiently, but 13 strains grown in A did not grow in B (tab. 3), a fact that leads to the conclusion that isotonic as well as hypertonic aerobic media are employed in parallel advantageously. The effect of the hypertonic medium was expressed most distinctly with the isolation of grampositive bacteria (tab. 4). As during the period of this investigation the intensive care unit was afflicted by an outbreak of Serratia marcescens the predominance of this species among the other isolated microbes (tab. 5) is not surprising. While no difference of detection-time was observed between A and B, microbial growth in medium C seemed to be slower (fig). It was concluded that the use of 3 media, aerobic isotonic and hypertonic as well as anaerobic isotonic should be employed whenever possible.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of portocaval shunt and arterialization of the liver on antibodies to Escherichia coli in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)].

The effect of a portocaval shunt with and without portal arterialization of the liver on serum immunoglobulin concentrations and on the incidence of antibodies to 8 different serotypes of Escherichia coli was studied in 29 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Compared with healthy controls, the serum concentrations of IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly elevated in cirrhotic patients. No difference in immunoglobulin concentrations could be observed between shunted and arterialized cirrhotics. The incidence of E. coli antibodies was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, showing a further increase in patients with portocaval shunt operations. Portal arterialization of the liver after portocaval shunting did prevent this additional increase, presumably by restoring the antigen clearing capacity of the cirrhotic liver, thus avoiding an additional stimulation of the antigen response after the portocaval shunt. The quantitative contribution of E. coli antibodies to the hyperimmunoglobulinemia of patients with cirrhosis of the liver seems to be of little significance. The results of this study underline the significance of the portal hepatic blood flow for the function of the reticulo-endothelial system of the liver.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

[Evaluation of procedures for hygienic disinfection of hands: comparison of two methods, for artificially contaminating hands and use of an automatic colony-counter (author's transl)].

Testing procedures for the Hygienic Disinfection of hands, two kinds of artificial contamination have been compared: Application of one drop of bacterial suspension onto each fingertip as described in the DGHM-"Richtlinien" and immersion of hands as described in our previous papers. When using our method, fingertips released higher numbers of testbacteria. Since pre- as well as post-values were elevated, disinfection-tests applying one of each contamination method resulted in log10 reductions which did not differ significantly. Using an automated scanning colony counter we were able to save 2/3 of time otherwise required for manual counts. Up to 10(2) colonies per plate manual counts were practically identical with the counters results, whereas with higher colony-numbers the counter showed an increasing tendency to under-estimate the numbers of colonies. Since colonies of skin-staphylococci are not recognised by the automated counter, we cultured our rinsing-fluids on nutrient agar containing 0.05% of sodium-desoxycholate in order to inhibit the autochthonous skin flora. This supplement influenced the colony counts of our test-bacterium to a very minor degree only, the reduction factors were not at all altered.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1978

[Increasing incidence of Serratia marcescens bacteraemia in intensive care patients (author's transl)].

The incidence of serratia marcescens in an intensive care unit was investigated in course of several years. After a trial of Cephalosporin-Gentamycin prophylaxis, infection and death due to serratia rose dramatically. The significance of decreased resistance to infection, hygiene regimes as well as mode of administration of antibiotics is related to selection of this rare microorganism causing septicemia.

Adolescent↗