Generation and differentiation potential of retrovirus-immortalized mature murine B cells.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
M S Lin
Publications and source records attributed to M S Lin.
B cell differentiation: I. Development and functional analysis of murine B cells immortalized by a recombinant retrovirus.
B lymphoblast cells were immortalized by infection with a v-myc and v-raf/mil containing recombinant retrovirus. The immortalized B cells do not require exogenous growth factors or mitogens for growth. These cells express characteristic mature B cell phenotypic markers including IgM and IgD. Northern blot analysis detected mu and delta mRNA, and Southern blot analysis revealed rearrangements of Ig genes but not TCR genes in these cells. The immortalized B cells were found to respond to B cell mitogens by proliferation and IgM secretion, and to respond to IL-4 by an increase in la expression. Furthermore, they were found to differentiate to secrete IgM and to switch to IgG1 production following interaction with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B- activated Th2 cells. These cell lines are thus valuable tools for analyzing the molecular events involved in B lymphocyte growth and differentiation.
Animals↗
Combination of low-dose epidural morphine and intramuscular diclofenac sodium in postcesarean analgesia.
Epidural morphine is used for postcesarean analgesia, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are frequently administered to relieve uterine cramps after vaginal delivery. To assess the efficacy of a combination of low-dose epidural morphine and intramuscular diclofenac sodium in postcesarean analgesia, a double-blind, randomized study was conducted. Epidural anesthesia was given to 120 parturients who were randomly allocated into four treatment groups: group A received normal saline solution, 10 mL epidurally and 3 mL intramuscularly (IM); group B received 10 mL of epidural saline solution and 75 mg (3 mL) of diclofenac IM; group C received 2 mg of morphine in 10 mL of epidural saline solution and 3 mL of saline solution IM; and group D received 2 mg of morphine in 10 mL of epidural saline solution and 75 mg of diclofenac IM. Epidural injections were given after delivery of the placenta, and IM injections were given on arrival in the recovery room. Verbal analogue pain scores were recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 h after epidural injection. Subjective scores of overall pain relief were also recorded at 24 h. Results showed that scores of overall pain relief were significantly better in group D compared with group A, B, or C (P less than 0.05). Groups A and B required more supplemental meperidine than groups C and D. None of the subjects in group D requested supplemental analgesia. Compared with the other three groups, group D experienced a better analgesic effect for both wound pain and uterine cramping pain from 4 to 18 h (P less than 0.05). Incidence of nausea or vomiting, or both, and pruritus occurred more frequently in groups C and D compared with group A or B (P less than 0.05). No bradypnea was observed during the study period. Diclofenac alone was not effective in postcesarean analgesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Ultrasonography of chest diseases: analysis of 154 cases.
Sonographic characteristics of various chest diseases in 154 cases were analysed according to margin of the lesion, internal echogenecity, posterior echo enhancement, air bronchogram etc. We intended to present the basic sonographic patterns of common chest diseases. The study included 10 normal cases, 10 cases with lung abscesses, 31 cases of pneumonia, 24 cases of tumors, 11 cases of obstructive atelectasis, 8 cases of pleuropericarcadial effusions, 10 cases of minimal effusions, 6 cases with pleural thickening, 32 cases of massive pleural effusion with simple compression atelectasis and 12 cases of pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion. Sonographically, normal lung showed hyperechoic zone beneath the chest wall. Identification of arc or ring-shaped wall favored lung abscess. Air bronchogram could only be found in pneumonia. Mass showed various internal echogenecity. The internal echogenecity in obstructive atelectasis was very homogeneous which could not be found in tumor. Pleural thickening showed linear hyperechogenecity beneath the chest wall. In minimal effusion, the line of the diaphragm could be easily identified. Pleuropericardial effusion could be easily diagnosed by chest sonography. The line of the pericarcadium could be clearly identified. The internal echogenecity of massive effusion were various. The internal echogenecity of simple compression atelectasis showed very homogeneous hyperdense internal echogenecity. The internal echogenecity of lung parenchyma in pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion was similar to that of pneumonia. Obstructive atelectasis, mass, consolidation and encapsulated effusion could be differentiated by chest sonography without much difficulty. Sonography could aid chest radiography by giving more morphologic information and was cheaper than computed tomography.
Adult↗
Flow cytometric DNA analysis of pleural effusions.
A total of 71 cases of pleural effusion in patients with and without cancer were analyzed by conventional cytology and flow cytometry (FCM) in order to detect cells with an abnormal DNA content (aneuploidy). For cytologic examination, the samples were prepared using standard techniques. Sample for FCM analysis were centrifuged and exposed to hypotonic solution containing detergent and propidium iodide. Thirty-eight patients had pleural effusion due to benign disease, whilst 33 patients had primary lung cancer. All 38 patients with benign pleural effusions showed FCM diploidy. There were 17 aneuploidy (52%) and 16 diploidy (48%) in the 33 patients with lung cancer by FCM analysis. Four of these 33 effusions were cytologically negative, however, FCM showed aneuploidy in 2 of these 4 patients. Based on these results, FCM analysis combined with conventional cytopathology yielded 100% specificity, 94% sensitivity and 100% predictive value of positive result. There were no false-positive results but 2 false-negative results. These findings suggest that FCM is a rapid and useful technique in the analysis of pleural effusion and can be a very useful adjunct to conventional cytopathology.
DNA↗
The predictability of matched ventilation perfusion scan in pulmonary embolism.
In retrospect, we reviewed 17 cases of proven pulmonary emboli at Taichung VGH. These patients were then divided into two groups, the matched and the mismatched V/Q scan. Patients with lung consolidation, along with their chest films, were studied and characterized. In the matched V/Q group (5 cases), perfusion defects were comparable with lung consolidation in both size and location. In the V/Q mismatched group, perfusion defects were larger than lung consolidation (either single or multiple foci). A matched V/Q scan in patients with a pulmonary embolism, may result from lung consolidation induced by a pulmonary infarction, localized edema, or hemorrhage. A matched V/Q scan with localized lung consolidation in a suspicious case could not rule out pulmonary embolism, and further evaluation is mandatory.
Aged↗
Application of staining of nucleolar organizer regions in cytological smears of the bronchus.
An argyrophil technique for the staining nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) was applied to cytological preparations obtained from bronchoscopic brushing materials. The number of AgNOR has been thought to be related to cellular activation. To differentiate malignant cells from non-malignant atypical cells, this study was carried out in 20 cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung (mean AgNOR: 18.34), 12 cases of pulmonary inflammatory diseases (mean AgNOR: 6.54) and 10 normal bronchial epithelial specimens for control (mean AgNOR: 2.07). On the basis of AgNOR number, we could differentiate between the three groups. The differences observed were statistically highly significant (p less than 0.0001). Moreover, the nucleolar organizer regions (NOR) in cancer cells were found the more irregularly distributed and more variable in sized than those in atypical and normal bronchial columnar cells. We suggest that the AgNOR technique will find increasing application as a complementary test in diagnostic cytopathology.
Adenocarcinoma↗
I-131 NP-59 adrenal cortical scintigraphy in suspected primary aldosteronism.
Dexamethasone suppression [Iodine-131] 6-Beta-Iodomethy1-19- Norcholesterol (I-131 NP-59) adrenal cortical scintigraphy was performed in 35 patients with suspected primary aldosteronsim, between May 1983 and June 1990. Based on clinical, biochemical, radiographic and pathologic data, the diagnostic accuracy of primary aldosteronism from I-131 NP-59 adrenal cortical scintigraphy was evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive accuracy and negative predictive accuracy was 78.9%, 100%, 100% and 80% respectively. We conclude that I-131 NP-59 adrenal cortical scintigraphy is an accurate and noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of suspected primary aldosteronism.
Adosterol↗
Monozygotic twins of discordant sex both with 45,X/46,X,idic(Y) mosaicism.
A female twin with short stature, unusual facial appearance, widely spaced nipples, and coarctation of the aorta was found to have a peripheral blood lymphocyte karyotype of 45,X(43%)/46,X,idic(Y)(p11). Her twin brother, also short with similar facial appearance, had the same mosaicism (40% 45,X). Cultured skin fibroblast studies showed discrepant karyotypes of 45,X (100%) in the girl and 45,X (78%)/46,X,idic(Y)(p11) in the boy. The mother and the father had normal chromosomes. Comparison of 27 biochemical markers yielded a likelihood of monozygosity of 0.9977. This report documents the occurrence of discordant phenotypic sex in monozygotic twins, involving gonadal dysgenesis with an abnormal dicentric Y, which presumably occurred de novo, followed by anaphase lag probably before the occurrence of twinning. Unequal distribution of the two resultant cell lines in various tissues of each twin could account for the development of the very different phenotypes, apparently normal boy and Ullrich-Turner girl.
Dermatoglyphics↗
Quantitative 99Tcm-HMPAO white blood cells and 67Ga scanning in rheumatoid arthritis.
This investigation assessed 99Tcm-HMPAO white blood cell (Tc-WBC) and 67Ga knee uptake indices before and after 90Y treatment in patients with intractable rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and correlated the uptake indices with the clinical score. Sixteen knee joints with RA were treated with intra-articular injection of 185 MBq of 90Y-silicate colloid (Amersham) flushed with 50 mg of hydrocortisone. Clinical score, quantitative 67Ga and Tc-WBC knee uptake indices were obtained before and three weeks after treatment. Our results showed that 9/16 (56%) had a good response and 7/16 (44%) had a poor response to 90Y injection. There was poor correlation between clinical improvement and changes in 67Ga and Tc-WBC knee uptake indices (r = 0.46 and 0.14, respectively). The correlation coefficient between changes in 67Ga and Tc-WBC knee uptake indices was 0.29.
Adult↗
Sudden onset of severe dyspnea with no wheezing in a 35-year-old asthmatic patient.
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Adult↗
Lack of effect of labetalol on platelet aggregation in hypertensive patients.
To evaluate the ex-vivo effects of labetalol, at effective vasodepressor doses, on platelet aggregation in hypertension, 30 hypertensive patients were randomized to either a labetalol or control group in a ratio of two to one. For the labetalol group, the dosage was titrated from 400 mg to 600 mg per day to achieve a fall of 10 mmHg in mean arterial pressure (MAP). No drug was used in the control group. The study lasted for 4 to 8 weeks. At the beginning and end of the study, platelet aggregation to collagen, adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine were measured according to Born's method. In contrast to the significant reduction in MAP, platelet aggregation was not altered by labetalol compared with the control group. Our data do not support the hypothesis that labetalol, at effective vasodepressor doses, inhibits platelet aggregation in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients.
Adult↗
Anaerobic growth and oxygen toxicity of Rhizopus cultures isolated from starters made by solid state fermentation.
To explore the relationship between Rhizopus growth and its microaerophilic characteristics the present study was undertaken. A survey of 18 Rhizopus cultures growing in anaerobic or microaerobic condition found that 11 of the cultures grew quite well under microaerobic condition, but all the cultures grew poorly under absolutely anaerobic condition. Among the 18, 8 showed definitely banded mycelial growth below the surface of the medium in the tube. Six of 18 cultures--RT-1-8, RT-43, RT-46, A-1, C-1, and E-1--grew with much aerial hyphae when they were cultivated on media supplemented with different detoxifying agents under aerobic condition. These six strains are comparatively sensitive to oxygen toxicity (H2O2 or O2- or OH.) under aerobic condition, as many microaerophilic bacteria are. There were nine strains whose aerial hyphal growth was greatly enhanced by the presence of Aspergillus niger catalase. However, the growth of the majority of the cultures was not influenced by supplements of bovine liver catalase or bovine liver superoxide dismutase. In conclusion, some Rhizopus cultures from the starters exhibited both microaerophilic and aerobic growth. The phenomena of growth in low O2 condition, and the subsurface growth of mycelia in tubes, may provide a clue to exploitation of the microaerophile-like characteristics in some starter molds.
Anaerobiosis↗
[Comparison of nasal mucociliary clearance before and after operation in chronic sinusitis].
Nasal mucociliary clearance is a first line of defence mechanism of the respiratory system against inhaled particles. It transports particles depositing into the nasal passages to the pharynx to be swallowed or expectorated, thus protecting the respiratory system from injury. Clearance function is affected by many factors such as the chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. A group of 13 healthy volunteers (controls) and a group of 17 patients suffering from chronic sinusitis was investigated in the Department of Otolaryngology of Taichung Veterans General Hospital between June and October of 1990. A radioisotope method was used to measure the velocity of nasal mucociliary transport in the participants. This involved the use of radioisotope Tc99m combined with albumin particles and measurements were made in one nasal chamber at a time. The sinusitis patients were then surgically treated and they all improved. In all 25 tests were made in the control group and the mean velocity of their mucociliary transport was found to be 4.56mm/min. In the patients 28 measurements were made and their mean velocity was found to be 2. 67mm/min before the operation and 4.03mm/min after the operation. The difference between pre- and post-operative velocities was statistically significant as was the difference between the pre-operative velocities of the patients and those of the controls. The difference between controls and patients after the operation was not significant.
Adolescent↗
Comparison of pulmonary tuberculosis in younger and elderly patients.
Pulmonary tuberculosis remains a significant clinical and public health problem in the elderly population. To describe age-related differences in disease manifestations, a comparison of the clinical features, predisposing factors, diagnostic approaches and radiographic findings in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis among 52 young and 62 elderly patients was performed. The elderly patients had a higher number of underlying disease than younger patients (p less than 0.05). Prior to admission, symptoms occurring with equal frequency in both younger and elderly patients included coughing, malaise, and weight loss. Elderly patients had significantly higher incidences of negative reactions to the PPD test (p less than 0.05). Radiographic findings revealed that upper lung field infiltrates were still common in both groups, but the elderly had more severe lung field involvement (two or more lobes affected), and more frequent pleural reactions than younger patients (p less than 0.05). Since there were non-specific clinical features, false negative skin test and complex radiographic manifestations, tuberculosis was frequently not suspected in the differential diagnosis, especially among elderly patients with multiple medical problems. We suggest that physicians need to have a high level of suspicion and awareness of varied manifestations for tuberculosis, especially elderly patients.
Adult↗
[Acetabular roof reconstruction with femoral head bone-graft for severe acetabular deficiency in total hip replacement].
From July 1984 to September 1989 at Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 14 patients (15 hips) received femoral head bone-grafting by modified Harris method as a part of their total hip replacement for acetabular bony deficiencies. They were followed up for an average of 31.7 months (range from 7 to 66 months). The clinical results were classified as excellent (58.3%) and good (41.7%) by Harris hip scoring system. All the grafts presented as "solid incorporation" with the pelvic wall and only one of the grafts was assessed to be "definite resorption" (volume reduction greater than 50%) by radiologic study. The "biologic viability" of these grafts were proved to be positive by scintigraphy in three-dimensional technique (SPECT). According to our limited experience and primary follow-up studies, we found that good clinical results depend on ideal positioning of the acetabular component in the true acetabulum and femoral head bone-grafting is an ideal procedure for the reconstruction of severe acetabular dysplasia in total hip arthroplasty.
Acetabulum↗
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy and electroacupuncture.
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is a painful and progressively debilitating condition. Untreated, it leads to changes in the patient's lifestyle that are consistent with chronic pain syndrome. This general overview of contributing factors, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of RSD presents three consecutive cases for which electroacupuncture (EA) proved to be an effective treatment for RSD pain. Possible underlying neuroanatomical mechanisms of RSD are addressed and the scientific basis for EA is considered briefly.
Adult↗
Lack of diurnal effect on vancomycin disposition in infected patients.
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Adolescent↗