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Biomedical subjects

M Schratter

Publications and source records attributed to M Schratter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[The foramen sternale: a minor anomaly--great relevance].

PURPOSE: Evaluation of the incidence of a midline sternal foramen, as a developmental anomaly, in order to avoid fatal complications following sternal puncture of sternal acupuncture treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 chest computed tomograms were evaluated in reference to the incidence of this anomaly and its various features. RESULTS: The variety of CT aspects ranged from very incomplete types with only sandglass-like retraction of sternal cortex, to a complete foraminal defect. The incidence of midline sternal foramen in a feature bearing a risk of complication, is approximately 6%. CONCLUSION: We conclude that--if sternal acupuncture is planned in the region of corpus--previous radiographs should be done to rule out this anomaly. Furthermore, we strongly recommend the acupuncture technique of the "Wiener Schule", which prescribes a safe superficial-oblique approach to the sternum.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1994

[Sonographic diagnosis of secondary blastomas of the thyroid gland].

The value of sonography for examining the thyroid has long been recognised. Secondary tumours are rarely demonstrated surgically. We examined retrospectively 14 patients with histologically proven secondary tumours which had been investigated by us tumours which had been investigated by us preoperatively. We were unable to determine any differential features between primary and secondary thyroid tumours. One can point out only that the development of thyroid tumours in the presence of a known primary may be due to metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Conventional roentgen diagnosis of the salivary glands. Still of clinical value or "traditional care"-].

This paper reviews the examination technique, normal findings, and pathological findings in conventional radiographic diagnosis of the salivary glands. The clinical importance of plain radiographs and sialography today despite the availability of modern imaging modalities is discussed. Of the ultrasound equipment is adequate and the examiner has enough experience in small-parts ultrasonography, application of conventional X-ray methods should be limited to confirmation of ultrasonographic suspicion of sialolithiasis or tumor-erosion of adjacent bone, especially the mandible (plain films), further imaging of extra- and intraglandular salivary duct abnormalities in chronic inflammatory salivary gland disease, and demonstrating salivary gland involvement in special entities, such as sialadenosis (pseudo)cystica in Sjögren-syndrome by sialography.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

High-resolution computed tomography of the lungs in irradiated breast cancer patients.

Fifty-five breast cancer patients underwent high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the lungs before, 8-12 weeks, 6, 9 and 12 months after adjuvant radiotherapy. During the follow-up time, 17 of them (30%) were found to develop minimal parenchymal alterations in the irradiated lung volume by HRCT evidence. The parenchymal alterations were classified by five scores. Scores 1-4 described chronic radiologic changes, score 5 acute radiologic changes. Three patients presented with acute radiologic changes (alveolar filling) within the first 3 months after radiotherapy. Two did not show any abnormalities at later follow-ups. Chronic radiologic fibrosis (15 patients) was not seen before the sixth month post irradiation except in 2 cases. There was no correlation between acute changes and chronic fibrosis. None of these changes were seen at a lung dose of less than 40 Gy. The appearance of interstitial pulmonary lesions secondary to breast irradiation was comparable to that of other interstitial diseases of the lungs. Chest radiographs were normal in all patients. None of the 55 patients presented with clinical symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Endoscopic ultrasonography versus computed tomography in the differential diagnosis of perianorectal complications in Crohn's disease.

In this prospective study the performance of transrectal or transvaginal endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was compared with that of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of perirectal fistulae, abscesses and diffuse inflammatory changes in the lower pelvis in 25 patients with Crohn's disease. Results were verified by surgery in eight patients and by correlation with findings on endoscopy, barium radiography and fistulography, and the clinical course in all other patients. EUS was superior to CT in diagnosing fistulae (14 vs 4 correct diagnoses) and inflammatory infiltration of the lower pelvic muscles (11 vs 2 correct diagnoses). The methods were equivalent in diagnosing perianorectal abscesses. CT was superior in the detection of inflammatory changes in the pararectal fasciae and fatty tissue which could not be detected by EUS. It is concluded that EUS should be used as the primary method for diagnosing perianorectal changes in patients with Crohn's disease especially in the case of fistulae and abscesses, having the added advantage of lack of radiation for the patient.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

[Native radiologic staging of osteoporosis--CT densitometry of lumbar vertebral spongiosa. A correlation study].

Lumbar spine radiographs in 47 patients with manifest or clinically suspected osteoporosis were evaluated, using a staging system, and correlated to quantitative computed tomography (QCT) of lumbar vertebrae. The accuracy of osteoporosis assessment, obtained with plain film analysis, was 60%, the sensitivity 67%, the specificity 56%. Statistical correlation showed high standard deviation of each of the QCT-mean values according to the respective stage groups, and altogether poor linear correlation between increasing morphological stages of osteoporosis and decreasing QCT-values. As our results show plain film differentiation of normal from reduced trabecular bone mineral content is unreliable, even by use of a staging system. The diagnostic value of spine radiographs therefore remains limited to demonstration of advanced osteoporotic changes.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1993

Endosonographic features of the lower pelvic region in Crohn's disease.

Anorectal complications in long-term Crohn's disease are frequent and evaluation of inflammatory changes in the lower pelvic region is difficult. Abnormalities are fistulas and abscesses which can be demonstrated rapidly and easily by endosonographic measures. Further topographical localization of the abnormalities is possible. Over a period of 2 yr, 55 patients with anorectal complications were examined. Using endosonography, 46 fistulas were found in 36 patients. Forty patients presented inflammatory changes. Abscesses were demonstrated in four cases. Our findings were verified by surgery, fistulography, and correlation with clinical course of illness. Limiting factor of the examination procedure proved to be painful and strictures in male patients, whereas in female patients the alternative of performing the examination via vagina was given. Our results demonstrate that endosonography is an excellent screening method for detecting and evaluating fistulas and abscesses in Crohn patients. Omitting radiation exposure is a further advantage of endosonography.

Abscess↗
PubMed1992

[Color-coded Doppler sonography of the thyroid: an advance in carcinoma diagnosis?].

There are several papers suggesting that colour-coded Doppler sonography is a useful diagnostic tool for the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions of the thyroid gland. This hypothesis (hypervascularization of malignant nodules) is reconsidered by preoperative examination of 65 patients by using colour-coded Doppler sonography and scintigraphy. Among these patients 21 carcinomas and 2 malignant lymphomas of the thyroid gland were found histologically. Colour-coded Doppler sonography was true positive in 10 cases, true negative in 28 cases, false positive in 14 cases and false negative in 13 cases. Our conclusion is that colour-coded Doppler sonography cannot be used unconditionally for the detection of carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Age-associated changes of the triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist: evaluation of the diagnostic performance of MR imaging.

To define the appearance of degenerative changes of the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) of the wrist on magnetic resonance (MR) images, the TFCs in one wrist of each of 30 healthy subjects in three age groups (20-35, 36-50, and greater than 50 years) and six TFCs from fresh cadavers were examined by means of coronal T1-weighted spin-echo sequences. Histologic findings were compared with findings on MR images in the cadaveric TFCs. It was proved that patches or lines of signal hyperintensity within the cadaveric TFCs were caused by degenerative changes and tears. Similar changes of the TFCs on MR images of the healthy subjects may have been caused by degeneration. In the healthy subjects, degenerative changes of the TFC, usually well defined on MR images, occurred at a very early age. The TFC appears to undergo stages of degeneration comparable to those of the menisci of the knee, but differentiation between traumatic and degenerative tears may be difficult.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Transrectal sonographic (TRUS) prostatic volumetry in assessing tumor response to radiation].

The aim of this study was to document the grading-related response of carcinoma of the prostate to radiotherapy, especially in views of the fact that the PSA values of hormonal therapy are not evaluable if hormonal therapy is done prior to radiotherapy or in patients with high likelihood of metastatic spread. Controls were done on 55 patients before, during and after primary external radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate with volumetric analysis of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) of the prostate. There were significant differences between G1 and G2 tumors on the one hand and G3 tumors on the other hand. The latter had a much larger volume to start with and their volume reduced more rapidly after therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Therapeutic measures in subluxation and dislocation of the patella].

The pathology of patella dislocation is divided into different groups: primary, secondary, recurrent dislocation and patella subluxation. In the diagnosis, in addition to clinical and X-ray investigations a certain computerized tomography extended on the SEG examination. A new examination of the EG tomographs had increased the diagnostic facilities. Our therapeutical program is based on physical therapy. After failure of physiotherapy to achieve satisfactory results the operation technique according to Slocum and Larson is performed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Contrast-enhanced MRI for the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma: comparison with CT and histopathologic staging--preliminary results.

Nineteen patients with potentially operable bronchial carcinoma were included in a prospective study to assess the staging capabilities of plain and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in comparison with computed tomography (CT) and to compare the results to post-operative histopathological staging (HS). The evaluation focused on the following T-staging criteria: (i) direct invasion of the pleura; (ii) neoplastic invasion of the mediastinum; (iii) differentiation of the primary tumour from alterations of the surrounding lung parenchyma such as inflammation or atelectasis; and (iv) intrathoracic lymph node involvement by tumour. MRI and CT produced similar results for pleural invasion (sensitivity of 0.4 and 0.75 respectively and a specificity of 0.86 and 0.93 respectively). Mediastinal invasion was overdiagnosed in four patients (no false negatives), whereas CT had only one false positive result (two false negatives). Our results showed CT to be superior to MRI for the preoperative evaluation of patients suffering from bronchogenic carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Computed tomography in acute mediastinitis].

Acute mediastinitis (AM) has become a rare disease since the introduction of antibiotics but still has an unchanged high mortality-rate if the diagnosis is not readily established, and adequate therapy is performed. Clinical signs of AM are often uncharacteristic, plain chest films do not allow a reliable diagnosis because of lack of sensitivity as well as specificity. In a retrospective study the CT-results of 23 patients clinically suspect for AM were evaluated in order to determine the diagnostic value of CT-findings were compared to operation, percutaneous drainage procedures and clinical course. In 15 patients the diagnosis of AM was established correctly by CT, 8 patients were reported normal. Diffuse infiltration of mediastinal fatty tissue was found in 3 patients, mediastinal fluid collections were demonstrated in 12 (infected hematomas = 4, abscess formation = 8). The extension of inflammatory changes could be exactly assessed by CT in all patients.

Abscess↗
PubMed1991

[Computerized tomography in instability of the femoropatellar joint].

Compared with normal X-ray examination, a CT scan can give more information about patellar alignment, especially close to full extension of the knee-joint. We compared the normal knee-joints of 10 volunteers with the knee-joints of 15 patients (19 recurrent luxations, 5 habitual subluxations). We were able to distinguish between instabilities with and without changes seen on the X-ray pictures, making it possible to develop a systematic concept of treatment. In the case of recurrent dislocation with radiologically visible instability, surgical repair is the treatment of choice, while for habitual subluxation without radiologically visible instability the primary treatment of choice is conservative therapy with physiotherapy and muscle training. This is successful in most cases. If physiotherapy fails surgical repair is the next step in treatment. This dynamic type of investigation (the patella is stabilized by tension of the quadriceps femoris muscle) makes an objective judgement of the result of therapy possible.

Adult↗