PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Schratter

Publications and source records attributed to M Schratter.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[The value of transrectal sonography in assessing radiogenic rectal changes].

The clinical value of TRS in diagnosis and staging of radiogenic rectal disorders is discussed. TRS was performed on 120 patients with tumours of lower pelvis who were treated by radiotherapy. They were divided in this trial into 2 groups. Group I (n = 113, with a mean interval to radiotherapy of 2 years) including patients who were under a routine control. Group II (n = 7, with a mean interval to radiotherapy of 13 years) including patients with strong local pain of the radiotherapy zone. The sonographic changes were divided into 4 grades (0-III) and verified histologically in group II patients by means of biopsy. A control group (n = 35) was also examined by TRS. The patients of this group were not treated radiotherapeutically. We concluded in our study that TRS in radiogenic rectal disorders, give us a very precise grading of the tumours which in turn, is of great importance in the further therapeutic procedure and in the evaluation of tumour recidives and second malignomas of the rectal wall.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Linear versus circular polarization of head coils: comparison on phantoms and in the clinic].

Two different head coils--one with linear polarization and the other with circular polarization--were compared under the same measurement conditions. Comparison was done on a phantom with water-filled and gadolinium-filled pin-holes, as well as on anatomical MR images of 23 volunteers. In three volunteers the whole brain was examined while, in the remaining 20 volunteers the sella region or cerebellopontine angle region was examined. Criteria for comparison were signal-to-noise ratio, background noise, and detail resolution (phantom), as well as subjective criteria--image sharpness, anatomical, contrast, and recognition of anatomical details--, evaluated on anatomical MR images by four radiologists independently of each other. The results show a significant improvement of signal-to-noise ratio, lower background noise and therefore marked improvement of images sharpness, and moderate improvement in the recognition of anatomical details using the circular polarized head coil; as for as detail resolution and anatomical contrast were concerned, however, no significant difference was seen between the two coils. Major advantages of the circular, polarized head coil in clinical application are shorter measurement times (reduced number of acquisitions), as well as thinner slices without loss of signal-to-noise ratio.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

[Spondylitis: the clinical picture and follow-up assessment by magnetic resonance tomography].

MRI of proven spondylitis was performed in 39 patients. Acute spondylitis appeared hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. Following intravenous application of Gd-DTPA, enhancement of the marrow and disk was seen. With progressive healing increasing signal was seen on T1-weighted images. This was caused by the presence of focal fat marrow representing the first sign of therapy response. Corresponding to the clinical healing process T1-signal increased due to fatty marrow, while the T2-signal decreased as well as the enhancement following Gd-DTPA application. Therefore, MR imaging can be recommended as the method of choice for early diagnosis of spondylitis and assessment of therapy response.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[MRT in the follow-up of the healing process of spongy bone transplants--initial experiences].

We present our first experience with MR in bone grafts in 23 patients. Graft implantation followed curettage of benign bone lesions. The locations were, rather exclusively, the long tubular bones. T1-and T2-weighted spin echo-sequences including intravenous application of Gadolinium-DTPA were performed (Magnetom 63, 1,5 T). A total of 29 examinations (1 follow-up control in 6 pat.) was divided into 5 groups, with regard to different stages after surgery, which varied from 1 week to more than 3 years postoperatively. The MR results were related to the respective groups. The results show typical stages of bone graft incorporation, but also greater individual variations in the duration of incorporation. Our first results, however, represent only "snapshots" of different patients at different stages after bone graft surgery. Therefore some important questions are still unanswered but may perhaps be explained with the help of subsequent prospective studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[MRT using Gd-DTPA in the diagnosis of tumor and pseudotumor intracardiac masses].

Magnetic resonance examinations were performed in 15 patients suffering from echocardiographically detected intracardiac masses. All patients were examined with a 1.5 T superconducting machine, using spin echo technique, including Gd-DTPA, and gradient echo sequences. The MR findings were confirmed partially by histology and angiography, otherwise by good correlation to clinical findings. MR results were divided into three groups: 1. tumour, 2. thrombosis, 3. pseudotumorous mass, and corresponded well with the final diagnosis: in 8 patients tumour, in 5 patients thrombosis, and in two patients pseudotumorous masses, including one hydatid cyst and one case of lipomatosis. Tumours showed in contrast to thrombosis marked enhancement after gadolinium injection, whereas the hydatid cyst and the lipomatosis demonstrated characteristic signal behaviour. Problems existed in differentiation mass vs slow flow, in the detection of very small masses, and in the assessment of wall-fixation and motion of a mass during cardiac cycle. The results demonstrate that MRI with Gd-DTPA can give important additional information in the differential diagnosis of echocardiographically detected intracardiac masses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[CT-guided percutaneous biopsy in orthopedics. Indications--planning--technic--personal experiences, with special reference to the spine].

Computed tomography, though few previous reports have dealt with this aspect of it, is an excellent aid when percutaneous skeletal biopsies have to be taken, especially in critical skeletal regions. Our own series consists of 48 CT-guided musculoskeletal biopsy procedures, mainly concerning the spine and pelvis. We used biopsy needles with calibers between 22 G and 14 G; specifically, the sure-cut needle was used in most cases. There were no complications. The results were conclusive in 29 cases, semiconclusive in 10 cases, and inconclusive in 9 cases. The advantages of CT guidance are most obvious in the case of lesions of the axial skeleton and pelvis: it allows precise planning of an adequate biopsy approach, better location of small cortex leaks for intraosseous entry of the puncture needle, and more sensitive selection of the best place for tissue sampling. Therefore, with CT guidance intraosseous lesions are more accessible, even to less highly invasive instruments. The risk of complications is low, and the accuracy similar to that obtained with fluoroscopic guidance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Gestagen receptor-positive, solid-cystic acinar-cell tumor of the pancreas].

In a 16-year-old girl with left upper abdominal pain of two months' duration fine-needle biopsy (guided by computed tomography) revealed a solid-cystic acinar-cell tumour of the pancreas. The tail of the pancreas was resected and the spleen removed. On inspection, the tumour--about 9 cm in diameter--was encapsulated and consisted of soft, brownish, partly haemorrhagic tissue. Histologically and immunohistochemically the diagnosis of an acinar-cell tumour was confirmed. Analysis of steroid hormone receptors revealed a high progestogen content. Since the operation the patient has remained symptom-free without any sign of tumour recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of pelvic fractures: synoptic views of the pelvis versus CT].

An attempt has been made, using 21 patients with pelvic fractures, to determine the circumstances in which plain films provide adequate information and when additional information can be obtained by CT. It was found that in all cases of acetabular fractures the diagnosis could be suspected on plain films, but that it proved impossible to demonstrate accurately the position of fragments, the degree of dislocation or the presence of intra-articular bone fragments. These problems could be solved by using CT. In patients with injury to the sacro-iliac joints or of the sacrum, the extent of the injury and the degree of pelvic instability was better shown by CT. All other bony lesions, such as fractures of the ilium, pubis, ischium or the symphysis could be diagnosed adequately by simple radiographs.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1988

Sonography and computed tomography in deep cervical lipomas and lipomatosis of the neck.

Nineteen deep cervical lipomas and five patients with cervical lipomatosis were examined with computed tomography (CT) and Sonography. By means of CT, which is the imaging method of choice for both diseases, it is possible to differentiate between circumscribed lipomas and infiltrating intramuscular lipomas. In addition, an exact localization in parenchymatous organs is possible. Cervical lipomatosis is also clearly delineated. Sonography is the first imaging method in cervical swelling or lesions; therefore, knowledge of the sonomorphology of fatty tumors is mandatory. Cervical lipomas have a fairly typical sonomorphology, but it is not as pathognomonic as the density values are by means of CT. In cervical lipomatosis, an adequate pretherapeutic assessment of the depth of infiltration is not possible sonographically. Only the cervical vessels can be clearly differentiated in this condition.

Head and Neck Neoplasms↗
PubMed1988

[Radiodiagnosis of temporal bone anomalies].

The X-ray findings in temporal bone anomalies are reviewed. Radiological procedure and examination technique are presented, as are symptoms of important anomalies. The methods available are plain film X-ray of temporal bone, multi-directional tomography, and high-resolution CT. Although some of the abnormalities are visible even in plain films, consistent use of conventional tomography or CT is necessary for correct diagnosis. This procedure is indicated not only when an abnormality is clinically obvious, but also in all cases of unexplained hearing loss without evidence of acquired disease. The advantage of CT over conventional tomography is that soft tissue anomalies, such as primary cholesteatoma or tumor simulating vascular abnormalities, can be demonstrated. In these cases CT is obligatory.

Cochlea↗
PubMed1987

[Pulmonary cancerization in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis].

A case of early onset type of juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis (JLP) is reported, where pulmonary involvement developed in typical aspiration site evidenced by tuberculosis of the right lung, and which stimulated after years a squamous epithelial carcinoma. After comparison of this case with similar cases reported in the literature, the clinical feature of cancerization in JLP is discussed in the context of recent virological, immunohistochemical and pathohistological findings. The infectious nature of this disease and the reparative character of the pathologically accelerated proliferation of the papilloma epithelium are stressed, which latter is thus particularly susceptible to additional noxae: irradiation, cigarette smoke, infection and necrosis. These noxae are considered to be the ultimate cause of cancerization in JLP, especially long-standing necrosis. These noxae are considered to be the ultimate cause of cancerization in JLP, especially long-standing necrotisation of lung structures in pulmonary involvement. Surgical treatment of JLP, eradication being unconceivable, should therefore be rather conservative, and any therapeutic attendance should take utmost care to avoid intrapulmonary seeding.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Sonographic vascular analysis in segmental aplasia-hypoplasia of the inferior vena cava].

The absence or hypoplasia of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation is a rare entity, sometimes associated with congenital heart disease, situs inversus or polysplenia syndrome. Ultrasonography as an easy, non-invasive procedure enables reliable diagnosis of this anomaly replacing inferior cavography. Ultrasonic scans performed in various directions allow a more subtle analysis of vessels and location of azygos continuation. We present an analysis of the sonographic feature in this anomaly, as studied in 2 patients. The diagnosis of this usually incidental finding (chest X-ray) can be of major clinical importance e.g. if special surgical procedures such as ligature of the azygos vein are considered.

Azygos Vein↗
PubMed1986

[Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses].

Carcinomas of the paranasal sinuses are usually advanced when diagnosed and present a therapeutic challenge. During the period between February 1970 and June 1981 44 patients were treated. 22 received postoperative irradiation, seven in combination with chemotherapy. 18 patients were treated with radiation alone, eleven with concomitant chemotherapy. Four patients received preoperative irradiation, three in combination with chemotherapy. The three-year survival is 43% and the five-year survival 33%. For those 26 patients who were irradiated pre- or postoperatively with or without concomitant chemotherapy the five-year survival is 45%. We believe the patient will be afforded the greatest opportunity for cure with the combined efforts of the radiotherapist and the surgeon. The combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy did not provide better results but increased acute and chronic toxicity of the therapy.

Adult↗