Biomedical subjects

M Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinoda.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Studies on chemical protectors against radiation. XXXI. Protection effects of Aloe arborescens on skin injury induced by X-irradiation].

Protective effects of Aloe arborescens (AA) on mouse skin injury induced by soft X-irradiation were examined. The mechanisms on radiation protection by measuring scavenge activity of activated oxygen, protective effects of nucleic acid, induction of antioxidative protein and so on were further investigated. Consequently a significant protective effect of skin injury was observed in AA S6-3-b. As the mechanisms of radiation protection in AA, the following matters were found. AA S6-3-b showed scavenge activity of hydroxyl radicals generated by Haber-Weiss reaction. AA S6-3-b suppressed the changes of activity in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase at 7d after soft X-irradiation. Metallothionein was induced in the skin and liver against normal mice at 24 h after administration of AA S6-3-b.

Aloe↗

PubMed1990

[Studies on chemical protectors against radiation. XXXII. Protective effects of methanol extracts of various Taiwan crude drugs on radiation injuries].

This study is to investigate radioprotective effects of 23 Taiwan crude drugs on X-ray induced bone marrow death and skin injury in mice. Each methanol extract of these Taiwan crude drugs was injected intraperitoneally into ICR male mice at 6 weeks of age before irradiation. Mice were whole-body irradiated with a soft X-ray generator. Radiation factors of the two screening tests used were as follows: 70 kVp, 10 mA, 10 mm acrylate filter, 70R/min, 2100R for survival test, and 30 kVp, 10 mA, 190R/min, 1100R for protective test on skin injury. As a result of these studies, the survival effect was recognized in Solani Incani Herba and Orthosiphi Aristati Herba. On the other hand, Mimosae Herba, Canarii Radix, Bombacis Radix, Arecae Fructus, Hedyotidis Diffusae Herba and Cynomorii Caulis were shown to have significant protective potency on skin injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Protective effects of various methanol extracts of crude drugs on experimental hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats].

The protective effects of 67 methanol extracts of crude drugs on rat hepatic injury by carbon tetrachloride (CC14) were examined. In terms of the release of intrahepatic enzymes and bilirubin into the blood, 11 methanol extracts decreased these factors significantly. Among them methanol extracts of Caryophylli Flos, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Myricae Cortex and Forsythiae Fructus were newly found to have protective effects against acute hepatic injury induced by CCl4. And then these 11 extracts which protected hepatic injury by CCl4 were investigated for their membrane stabilizing and inhibitory effects of lipid peroxidation. The extract of Bupleuri Radix only decreased the hemolysis induced by hypotonic pressure. Nine kinds of extracts without those of Desmodii Herba and Bupleuri Radix suppressed the lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4 in rat hepatic microsomes. In addition, Scutellariae Radix, Caryophylli Flos and Myricae Cortex were shown to have inhibitory effects of non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation in rat hepatic mitochondria. This study reports that the methanol extracts of Caryophylli Flos, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Myricae Cortex and Forsythiae Fructus protect the hepatic injury by CC14 and these protective effects are connected with the inhibitory effects of the lipid peroxidation in hepatic microsomes.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Studies on chemical protectors against radiation. XXVIII. Protective effect of nucleic acid constitutional compounds on radiation damages induced by X-irradiation].

The effects of various nucleic acid constitutional compounds, base, nucleoside and nucleotide on lethality and skin injury induced by soft X-irradiation were studied. The survival effect was determined by use of survival days after irradiation of lethal dose of 70 kVp, 2100R and the protective effect on skin injury was determined by use of degrees on skin injury after 30 kVp, 1100R soft X-irradiation. As a result of these studies, the survival effect was observed by single injection of inosine at 120, 60 and 5 min before irradiation and three times injection after irradiation. And the other nucleic acid constitutional compounds had no effect on survival. Protective effect of skin injury was observed by single injection of adenosine, guanosine, inosine, 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP), 5'-guanosine monophosphate (5'-GMP) and 5'-inosine monophosphate (5'-IMP) before irradiation. Protective effect of skin injury by three time injection before irradiation were revealed in adenosine, inosine, 5'-AMP and 5'-IMP. For the investigation of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals scavenge activities, the relationship between radical scavenge activities and protective effect of radiation by using various nucleosides was not observed.

Adenosine↗

PubMed1990

[Studies on chemical protectors against radiation. XXIX. Protective effects of methanol extracts of various Chinese traditional medicines on skin injury induced by X-irradiation].

In order to investigate useful protective medicines for the relief of skin injury induced by irradiation, 60 methanol extracts of Chinese traditional medicines were used in the test of protective potency on skin injury. ICR male mice at 6 weeks of age were whole-body irradiated with 1100R by using a soft X-ray generator (30 kVp, 10 mA, 190 R/min). Each methanol extract of these medicines was injected intraperitoneally into mice before or after irradiation. The degrees of skin injury were determined by a score system of skin reaction within the observation period from 21st to 40th day after irradiation. Protective potency of each medicine on skin injury was calculated from the maximum mean scores of administrated group and un-administrated group. As a result of these studies, the protective potency was detected in Unsei-in, Kumibinro-to, Keisi-syakuyaku-chimo-to, Keigai-rengyo-to, Gosyuyu-to, Koso-san, Saiko-seikan-to, Syo-kankyo-to, Syo-saiko-to, Syoma-kakkon-to, Sen-kan-meimoku-to, Zokumei-to, Sokei-kakketu-to, Bokuryo-in, Mao-to and Rikkunsi-to by intraperitoneal injection before irradiation. Of these effective medicines, only Unsei-in and Mao-to are shown to have a significant protective effect by intraperitoneal injection after irradiation.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Protective effects of antioxidants on experimental liver injuries].

Protective effects of 14 kinds of antioxidant on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were investigated in terms of serum enzyme activities and bilirubin concentration. Consequently, the significant protective effects were found in sesamol, ellagic acid, cysteamine and cysteine. These antioxidants clearly decreased the lipid peroxide in the liver tissue. The protective effects on CCl4-induced liver injury in vivo were independent of the inhibitory activities on lipid peroxidation in hepatic mitochondria fraction in vitro.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Survival rate of bladder tumors--an analysis of 2304 patients with bladder tumors in the Tokai Urological Cancer Registry].

During the 7 years from 1980 to 1986, 2860 cases of bladder tumors were registered in the Tokai Urological Cancer Registry. Among the 2860 cases, 2304 cases were selected from the registered cases for the present study. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rates were 73.8% (61.9%) of all patients; 48.9% (42.4%) in those with malignant neoplasma of urinary bladder excluding transitional cell carcinoma; 48.8% (41/3%) in those with mixed tumor. In patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year relative (actual survival rates were 93.7% (78.8%) for G1, 87.2% (74.1%) for G2 and 47.3% (38.9%) for G3. As to staging, the 5-year survival rates were 101.9% (88.0%), 87.6% (75.3%), 57.9% (47.8%), 33.7% (28.2%) and 6.1% (5.0%) in patients with stage of Ta, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The tumors with muscle infiltration and high grade malignancy obviously deteriorated patients' survival. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rate for patients treated with TUR was 98.1% (82.2%). As to grading, the 5-year survival rates were 102.2% (86.6%) for G1, 104.3% (88.3%) for G2 and 56.9% (48.3%) for G3. The 5-year survival rates of those with Ta, T1 and T2 were 103.9% (89.7%), 96.0% (82.6) and 61.1% (49.1%), respectively. The 5-year relative (actual) survival rate for patients undergoing total cystectomy was 62.4% (52.3%). In those patients, the 5-year survival rates were 96.7% (80.9%) for G1, 63.6% (55.7%) for G2 and 55.4% (47.1%) for G3. As to staging, the 5-year survival rates were 102.3% (90.6%), 77.8% (68.2%), 56.3% (47.9%), 41.8% (34.9%) and 15.2% (13.1%) in patients with stage of Ta, T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The 3 and 5-year relative (actual) survival rates in patients with advanced bladder tumors were 5.3% (4.8%) and 0.87% (0.73%), respectively.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Suppression of messenger ribonucleic acid for glutathione peroxidase in chemically induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma and its biological significance.

Deviations of the enzyme activity, immunoreactivity and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PO) in 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene- induced hepatocellular carcinoma of the rat were investigated. Enzyme activities of GSH-PO were significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinomas than those in the normal control rat liver. Immunohistochemically, GSH-PO was strongly localized in normal hepatocytes, but was only faintly stained in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Heterogeneous staining patterns of GSH-PO were observed among individual cancer cells. In Northern blot analysis, GSH-PO mRNA in the cancer tissue was decreased to two thirds of the level in normal hepatocytes. It was suggested that suppressed expression of GSH-PO in carcinogen-induced hepatocellular carcinomas occurred at the level of mRNA transcription.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Introduction of normal chromosome 3p modulates the tumorigenicity of a human renal cell carcinoma cell line YCR.

It has been suggested that loss and/or mutational inactivation of a gene or genes on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p) may play a crucial role in the development of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). If it is correct, the normal allele may carry suppressor activity for a tumor-associated phenotype(s). In order to test the hypothesis, we introduced a single chromosome containing 3p into a human renal cell carcinoma cell line YCR via microcell fusion, and examined tumorigenicity in nude mice and in vitro growth-properties. The following chromosomes derived from normal human fibroblasts were transferred to YCR or 6-thioguanine-resistant YCR cells: t(X;3) consisting of Xpter greater than Xq26::3p12 greater than 3pter, X, pSV2neo-tagged chromosome 11, and 3/t consisting of pSV2neo-tagged 3p and unknown segments. The introduction of t(X;3) or 3/t resulted in suppression of tumorigenicity or modulation of tumor-growth rate, whereas transfer of other chromosomes, i.e., X and 11, had no effect on tumorigenicity or tumor-growth rate of the cells. In vitro growth properties, i.e., cell-growth in medium containing 1% or 10% serum, growth in soft-agar and saturation density, were not correlated with the tumor-growth. In addition, the tumor-growth rate of 6-thioguanine-resistant segregants which have lost the t(X;3) became similar to that of the parental YCR cells. Thus, the introduction of 3p modulated at least the tumor-growth, indicating the presence on the 3p of a putative tumor-suppressor gene(s) for human RCC.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Purification and characterization of pig adrenal 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Two distinct molecules of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha-HSD) from pig adrenal cytosol have been purified to homogeneity and characterized. Purification was achieved by ammonium sulphate precipitation followed by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. 20 alpha-HSD activity was separated into two fractions including 20 alpha-HSD-I and 20 alpha-HSD-II, and these were further purified by affinity chromatography on 2',5'ADP-Sepharose, reactive red 120-agarose and some conventional column chromatography. Both enzymes catalyzed the reduction of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to 17 alpha, 20 alpha-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one in the presence of NADPH as the preferred cofactor. The apparent Km and Vmax values against 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were 26.2 microM and 1.3 nmol/min/mg for 20 alpha-HSD-I, and 118 microM and 19.4 nmol/min/mg for 20 alpha-HSD-II, respectively. Furthermore, remarkable differences between 20 alpha-HSD-I and 20 alpha-HSD-II were demonstrated under the influence of ionic strength, heat treatment and divalent cations. The molecular weight was estimated to be 39 kDa for 20 alpha-HSD-I and 40 kDa for 20 alpha-HSD-II by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 30 kDa for both enzymes by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. These were glycoproteins. There was a large difference in their isoelectric points (8.5 for 20 alpha-HSD-I and 5.5 for 20 alpha-HSD-II). The peptide mapping of the two distinct enzymes was greatly different although there was a slight difference in the amino acid composition.

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1989

Vaginal metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of renal pelvis in horseshoe kidney.

We describe a case of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a horseshoe kidney with vaginal tumor as the first manifestation of remote metastasis. While the occurrence of adenocarcinoma in a horseshoe kidney appears to be no higher than in nonfused kidneys, the incidence of transitional cell carcinoma among neoplasms in horseshoe kidneys is higher. Vaginal metastasis from transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is considered extremely rare. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported of transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis in a horseshoe kidney with metastasis to the vagina. The patient was successfully treated with surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗

PubMed1989

Androgen-induced production of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and colony-inhibitory factor (CIF) in the submandibular gland in female mice.

Both testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) significantly increased colony-stimulating factor (CSF) as well as colony-inhibitory factor (CIF) in the submandibular gland (SMG) in female mice. The CIF activity was completely inactivated by heating at 60 degrees C for 15 min, while the CSF activity was stable against the heat treatment. It was found that the CSFs obtained from the androgen-treated female mice and from normal male mice behaved identically in chromatography on hydroxylapatite and Ultro-gel AcA 34 columns. The potency of DHT to increase CSF activity was about 10 times greater than that of T.

Androgens↗

PubMed1989

20 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase of neonatal pig testis: cofactor requirement and stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form.

The cofactor requirement of purified 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from cytosol fraction of neonatal pig testis, in the reduction of 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was investigated. The enzyme required beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (beta-NADPH) as the preferred cofactor, with an apparent Km value of 17 microM. Furthermore, alpha-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form (alpha-NADPH), beta-3'-NADPH and beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (beta-NADH) were also utilized as hydrogen donors in the reduction at relatively high concentration with apparent Km values of 85.2 microM, 179.2 microM and 1.00 mM, respectively. The optimum pH was 5.5 when beta-NADPH was used as the cofactor, while it was 6.0 when beta-NADH was used. The hydrogen transfer from the beta-NADPH to the product, 17 alpha,20 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one catalyzed by 20 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was stereospecific, and the 4-pro-S-hydrogen of the nicotinamide moiety was transferred to the product.

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1989

Inhibitory effect and interaction of stanozolol with pig testicular cytochrome P-450 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase).

The inhibitory effect of an anabolic steroid, stanozolol, on testicular microsomal cytochrome P-450 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17,20-lyase) (P-450(17 alpha/lyase] and the nature of the interaction were compared with those of other anabolic steroids, furazabol and mestanolone. Stanozolol markedly inhibited delta 16-C19-steroid synthesizing activity, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase activities, which were mediated by oxygenase activities of testicular microsomal cytochrome P-450(17 alpha/lyase). In addition, stanozolol was a competitive inhibitor of 17 alpha-hydroxylase (Ki = 6.31 microM) and C17,20-lyase (Ki = 1.30 microM) activities in the reconstituted enzyme system. The interaction of cytochrome P-450&17 alpha/lyase) with stanozolol induced a type I difference spectrum (peak at 387 nm and trough at 418 nm) with a dissociation constant (Ks) of 1.47 microM.

Androstanols↗

PubMed1989

[Studies on chemical protectors against radiation. XXVII. Survival effects of methanol extracts of various Chinese traditional medicines on radiation injury].

The survival effect of mice irradiated with a lethal dose of X-ray was studied by use of 60 kinds of Chinese traditional medicines. Methanol extracts of these medicines were prepared, and then each extract injected intraperitoneally into male mice before or after whole-body irradiation. As a result of these studies, the survival effects with Ogi-kentyu-to, Simotu-to, Sessyo-in, Zokumei-to and Boi-ogi-to were observed by intraperitoneal injection before irradiation. Of these effective methanol extracts, only Zokumei-to was shown to have a significant survival effect by intraperitoneal injection after irradiation.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Studies on chemical protectors against radiation. XXVI. Protective effect of various extracts on crude drugs on skin injury induced by X-irradiation].

The protective potency against skin injury on mice induced by X-irradiation was studied by use of 72 extracts of crude drugs. The protective potency was determined according to the degrees on skin injury after irradiation of 1100R, 30 k Vp soft X-ray. As a result of these study, 16 kinds of crude drugs such as Rosae Fructus, Aloe arborescens (Herba), Citri Leiocarpae Exocarpium, Schizonepetae Spica, Evodiae Fructus, Bupleuri Radix, Corni Fructus, Perillae Herba, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Menthae Herba, Trapae Fructus, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma, Ephedrae Herba, Acer nikoense (Cortex), Forsythiae Fructus, revealed protective potencies on skin injury.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Choleretic effects of methanol extracts obtained from various Chinese traditional medicine].

Choleretic effects of 60 kinds of Chinese traditional medicine frequently used in clinical practice were investigated. Consequently, significant effects of choleretics were found in the methanol extracts of Ko-so-san, Intinko-to, Saiko-seikan-to, Hange-koboku-to, Antyu-san, Syo-kankyo-to, Keisi-syakuyaku-timo-to, Senkan-meimoku-to, Bohu-tusyo-san, Juzen-taiho-to, Jumi-haidoku-to Kami-syoyo-san and Hange-syasin-to. Water extracts of these Chinese traditional medicine had no such effect. Alteration of excretion of various biliary components after administration of the methanol extracts with the choleretic effect was examined, and with all medicines, bile acid excretion decreased and sodium and potassium excretions increased. Therefore, a medicine inducing choleresis involves some selective increases in the bile acid-independent fraction of bile flow. And after administration of methanol extracts of Keisi-syakuyaku-timo-to and Bohu-tusyo-san, lithogenic index, an index of saturation level of cholesterol, decreased significantly. Therefore, with these medicines, a dissolving effect on cholesterol gallstone is expected.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[Low-dose dopamine treatment of patients in nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma].

In the acute neurosurgical setting, nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma (NHC) is thought to be caused by cerebral dehydration therapy and administration of steroids, glycerol, or mannitol. The mortality of this complication is reportedly very high, and is due to acute renal and/or cardiac failure. The authors evaluated the effect of low-dose dopamine (LDD; 1 to 5 micrograms/kg/min) administration in 10 patients with this syndrome. LDD was given to five patients. In these cases, hypovolemia was treated under central venous pressure monitoring with an iso-osmolar hyponatremic lactate solution given in a volume greater than the urine output. After the hypovolemia was corrected, the fluid was administered in a volume equal to the urine output until the serum osmolarity was normalized. In the five patients not given LDD, a large quantity of hypotonic solution was rapidly administered. In all patients treated with LDD, the urinary sodium increased and the urinary output stabilized. Consequently, the excess urea-nitrogen and serum sodium were quite easily washed out. The total net intake volume for the normalization of serum osmolarity was small and the duration of treatment was much shorter than that of patients not treated with LDD. The LDD regimen was not associated with complications, such as aggravation of cerebral edema, renal failure, or cardiac failure. On the other hand, three of the five patients not given LDD died of acute renal and/or cardiac failure without normalization of laboratory data. It is emphasized that this therapy, which results in beta-effect of catecholamine, sodium diuresis, and increased renal blood flow, is a practical means of managing acute neurosurgical cases complicated by NHC.

Adult↗