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Biomedical subjects

M Shinoda

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinoda.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Change in the vaginal smear cycle following conventionalization and monocontamination of germ-free rats with Enterobacter cloacae].

The relationship between the microbial organism infection and the vaginal smear cycle was investigated using 12 germfree Wistar Imamichi rats at 50 days of age. Germfree rats exhibited continuous vaginal cornification which occasionally interrupted by the appearance of nucleated epithelial cells. However, leukocytes which are characteristic of the metestrus and diestrus stage in conventional rats were not observed in the vaginal smear of these animals. At 70 days of age, 8 animals were taken out from the germfree isolator and conventionalized. In other 4 animals, the vaginal lumen was contaminated with Enterobacter cloacae in the isolator. Within 3 days after the treatments, leukocytes appeared in the vaginal smear of all animals in both groups. Thereafter, these animals continued the regular 4 days vaginal cycle to 90 days of age, at which the observation was terminated. The above results suggested that the appearance of leukocytes in the vaginal smear in the rat is closely related to the bacterial colonization in the lumen, together with the action of the progesterone secreted from the ovary.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Migration inhibitory action of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on progenitor cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage growing in culture in the presence of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1).

Addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to the culture of mouse myeloid stem cells (CFUc) increased the incidence of compact colonies and decreased that of dispersed ones in the presence of colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) which had not such an effect by itself even in high concentrations. Although colony morphology was thus changed, nearly all colonies were composed of monocytes. The incidence of compact colonies increased with the increase of LPS concentration but plateaued at about 50%. Bone marrow cells of LPS-tolerant mice responded to LPS in vitro to a slightly decreased extent. The activity of LPS was decreased by alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the LPS molecule and inhibited by polymixin B, but not by indomethacin, alpha-L-fucose, nor by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. Other immunopotentiating substances, such as OK-432, Lentinan, and Levamisole, had no effect on the colony morphology. Both muramyl dipeptide and poly(I).poly(C) were also ineffective. Furthermore, the action of LPS was not abolished by the use of heat-inactivated serum in the culture. LPS was no longer stimulative for the induction of lysosomal enzymes in the CSF-stimulated culture, although it greatly enhanced the enzyme induction in the unstimulated culture. These results indicate that the cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage develop the capacity for migration before they become responsive to LPS, and that the LPS-responding monocytic cells can proliferate even in a state of confluence induced by LPS.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Granulopoietic inhibitors excreted in the urine of a patient with uterine cancer and marked leukocytosis.

An inhibitor of colony stimulating factor (CSF) was found in normal human urine and in the urine of a patient with uterine cancer and leukocytosis. The amount of inhibitor excreted in the patient's urine was inversely related to the amount of CSF excreted. Since the patient's urine contained the inhibitor in large amounts, it was used for further characterization of the inhibitor. The inhibitor was separated from CSF by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and precipitated by ammonium sulfate and 30-80% saturation. The result of centrifugation of the inhibitor in a NaBr solution of d = 1.21 and extraction of its solution by chloroform suggested that it is not a lipoprotein. Furthermore, it was inactivated by heating at 60 degree C. Isoelectrofocusing resolved in into two peaks of pI 6.7-8.4 (pI-7 inhibitor) and pI 4.7-5.4 (pI-5 inhibitor), both of which showed an apparent molecular weight of 80,000-90,000 upon Sephadex G-100 chromatography. Dose-response relation for CSF in the presence of the inhibitor(s) showed that the action of the inhibitor(s) was not due to specific inactivation of CSF. Both pI-05 and pI-7 inhibitor fractions showed mitogenic activity to mouse spleen cells in culture, and only slightly inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake in the PHA or LPS stimulated spleen lymphocytes. The result suggests that the granulopoietic inhibitor(s) obtained above is not a non-specifically cytotoxic substance(s).

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[A study on heart weight and electrocardiogram of germfree, ex-germfree and conventional ICR mice (author's transl)].

The heart weight of germfree mice has been reported to be lighter than that of conventional mice. The difference in heart function between these mice, however, has not been well investigated. In the present study, we recorded ECGs of germfree, ex-germfree and conventional mice anesthetized with pentobarbitone sodium and weighed the hearts of these animals. On ECGs, there was no significant difference between germfree and conventional mice except QT and PP intervals, which were shorter in male germfree mice than those in male conventional mice. It was found that the heart weight of germfree mice was significantly lighter than that of conventional mice in both sexes. It was concluded that although the heart weight between germfree and conventional mice was different, the heart function evaluated using the ECG was not.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

X-ray-induced production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by mouse spleen cells in culture.

Spleen cells were collected from normal mice and cultured in a medium containing 20% calf serum. Addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the culture significantly increased the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and a maximum induction was attained in 5 days. Irradiation of the spleen cells with 300 to 3,000R X-rays also enhanced the production of GM-CSF, but there was a latent period of about 5 days before the factor appeared in the culture medium. The observed difference between LPS and X-rays in the timing of inducing GM-CSF production in the spleen cell culture was consistent with the difference in timing of the increase of spleen cell proliferation observed in animals after the administration of LPS or during recovery from damages by X-irradiation. It was observed furthermore that the X-ray-induced GM-CSF differed from the LPS-induced GM-CSF in its molecular properties; the X-ray-induced factor was represented by an acidic (pI = 3.0) 70,000-dalton species, while the LPS-induced factor was much smaller in size (M.W. 20,000) and less acidic (pI = 5.4). These results suggest that different mechanisms of GM-CSF production operate in the spleen in response to either LPS or X-rays.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of various therapeutic agents on leukocytes in vivo and in vitro: competition between the cytotoxic drugs and colony stimulating factors (CSF) in the action on the proliferation of myeloid stem cells (CFU-C).

The effect of a single or repeated intraperitoneal injection(s) of various therapeutic agents on peripheral leukocyte count in mice was studied. The results revealed a great deal of initial variation of leukocyte number in the animals and also variants in the capability of the animals to restore the decreased leukocyte level. On the other hand, a simple reproducible and highly sensitive method for the evaluation of the toxic effect of the chemicals on leukopoiesis has been provided by culturing mouse bone marrow cells in a semi-solid agar medium in the presence of purified colony stimulating factor (CSF). There was three groups of chemicals in regard to the effect on the proliferation of the myeloid cells (CFU-C) in culture: (1) Anti-cancer drugs such as mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil were inhibitory to CFU-C at 10(-8) - 10(-7)M. (2) Many drugs such as erythromycin, cephalosporin etc. showed apparent toxicity in 10(-5) - 10(-4)M. (3) Drugs like penicillin, streptomycin, cysteine etc. showed no significant toxicity at concentrations higher than 10(-4)M. It was noted that the inhibition of CFU-C proliferation either by mitomycin C (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) or by erythromycin(an inhibitor of protein synthesis) occurred in a manner competitive to the added CSF activity. The results suggest that CSF is capable of specifically protecting the myeloid stem cells from the toxic action of the chemicals.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Reproductive ability of germfree ICR female mice (author's transl)].

Reproductive ability of germfree and conventional female ICR mice was examined. Litter size and number of fetuses of germfree ICR mice kept in Facility A were smaller than those of Jcl: ICR mice. No difference was seen in oestrous cycle, pregnant rate, gestation period, weaning rate and number of corpora lutea between germfree and conventional mice. The small litter size of germfree mice seemed to be associated with early embryonic death before implantation. On the other hand, litter size of ex-germfree mice did not increase after conventionalization in Facility B.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[The weights of genital organs in germfree and conventional ICR mice administered with hCG, estradiol benzoate, progesterone and testosterone propionate (author's transl)].

Female germfree (Gf) and conventional (Cv) ICR mice aged 21-25 days were administered with hCG (50IU/head/day for 2 days). Six hours after the last administration, uterine weights of Gf and Cv mice were 175.8 mg% and 238.7 mg% respectively, the difference between Gf and Cv animals was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Ovariectomized Gf and Cv mice aged 80-150 days were successively administered with estradiol benzoate (0.02 mg/head/day for 5 days). Six hours after the last administration, uterine weights of Gf and Cv mice were 358.8 mg% and 462.7 mg% respectively, being statistically significant between Gf and Cv animals (p less than 0.01). After administration of estradiol benzoate (0.02 mg/head/day for 2 days), 1.0 mg/head/day of progesterone for 3 days were given ovariectomized Gf and Cv mice aged 80-150 days. Six hours after the last administration, uterus of Gf and Cv mice were weight 337.6 mg% and 423.5 mg% respectively, the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Castrated Gf and Cv mice aged 80-150 days were administered with 1.0 mg of testosterone propionate (head/day for 5 days). Six hours after the last administration, weights of seminal vesicle and coagulating gland of Gf and Cv mice were 376.0 mg% and 611.8 mg% respectively, the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.01).

Animals↗