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M Slosárek

Publications and source records attributed to M Slosárek.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Mycobacterial infections in patients with AIDS in a low HIV prevalence area.

The Czech Republic is characterized here as both a low HIV prevalence area (1.64 registered positivity per 10(5) population and 45 AIDS patients notified in the 1986-93 period) and a low tuberculosis prevalence area (mortality rate 0.8, incidence of bacillary pulmonary cases 11.3 per 10(5) population and risk of infection 0.04 in 1990). From 1986 to 1993 a total of 10 cases of mycobacterial infections complicating AIDS or ARC disease were registered in the Czech Republic in 9 male patients aged from 29 to 55, 8 homosexuals, and one woman aged 48. Classical pulmonary tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis was diagnosed in one male patient and was controlled by antituberculosis chemotherapy. The remaining mycobacterial infections were caused by the following opportunistic mycobacterial pathogens. (a) M. avium in five individuals, four of them died of a disseminated disease; (b) M. kansasii--in two patients, one died of a disseminated infection; (c) M. xenopi--involved in a fatal generalized CMV, and cryptococcal and mycobacterial infection; (d) M. fortuitum caused a generalized disease in a case of exhaustive multifocal encephalopathy. Authors conclude that under conditions of low prevalence of both HIV and tuberculosis infection the risk to AIDS patients of contracting classical tuberculosis is low. A relatively frequent occurrence of non-tuberculosis mycobacterial disease in AIDS patients afflicted with the impaired immunity is explained by transmission of opportunistic mycobacteria from the environment.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1994

Water as a possible factor of transmission in mycobacterial infections.

Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium xenopi are the most frequent species occurring in water in the Czech Republic. In the endemic area of M. kansasii in heavy industry and mining areas of North Moravia various mycobacterial species were detected in more than 20% of different water samples and M. kansasii was found in 1.5 to 1.9% of them, frequently in pit bathrooms and in the drinking water as well. Mycobacterium xenopi was detected in 35 and 50% of water samples collected in households of M. xenopi excretors in North Bohemia and in Prague. A nosocomial occurrence of M. xenopi was recorded in an hospital department in North Bohemia and in a rest home in Prague and all samples of water from the afflicted institutions were positive for M. xenopi. In a coal mine in Moravia a case of cutaneous involvement associated with the presence of M. marinum in mine water was also recorded. The incidence of various mycobacterial species (except of M. kansasii and M. xenopi) in spa and swimming pools in West Bohemia reached 35% positivity. Comprehensive reviews of bacteriological investigations for mycobacteria performed in the entire territory of the Czech Republic have been reported in annual reports since 1985. In the period from 1985 to 1991 a total of 5167 samples of various kinds of water samples were examined and mycobacteria were detected in 8.2 to 47.7% of them.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1994

Genetic DNA probes for Mycobacterium avium complex identification.

The acridinium ester labelled DNA probe specific for M. avium complex (MAC) was used for testing 30 strains of MAC previously identified by conventional procedures. The hybridization was positive in 26 strains, negative in 3 strains and one strain seemed to be contaminated when subcultured. The specific DNA probes allow to identify even the slow growing mycobacterial strains, in positive samples, within two hours while conventional methods usually take several weeks to show the result. A rapid confirmation of a mycobacterial species is invaluable for selecting an effective treatment as early as possible, which is extremely important e.g. in immunosuppressed patients, children with lymphadenitis, etc. Nevertheless, this method has the disadvantage of being too expensive for some laboratories, though questionable if repeated subcultures, technician's time and the delay in obtaining results are taken into account, and enabling to identify only a limited number of clinically significant mycobacterial species using commercially available probes.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1994

[Drug resistance in M. tuberculosis in Prague 1987-1992].

In 1987-1992 in Prague drug resistance of M. tuberculosis to four standard antituberculotics (isoniazide, streptomycin, rifampicin, ethambutol) was recorded in 39 patients, i.e. in 1.5-5% of patients with bacillary tuberculosis. Initial resistance was found in 25, secondary resistance in 13 subjects, in one patient both types of resistance were observed. In both groups men and patients born before 1941 predominated. In patients with initial resistance findings rated as small or medium-sized predominated, while in secondary resistance half the findings were medium-sized or extensive; an extrapulmonary form was recorded in one female patient. In the group of patients with an initially resistant M. tuberculosis monoresistant strains predominated and the highest ratio was accounted for by strains resistant to isoniazide; in patients with secondary resistance strains with combined resistance to two or more drugs predominated, however in all instances a combination of isoniazide with other antituberculotics was involved. With regard to the changing epidemiological situation as regards tuberculosis (in particular the arrested decline of the incidence of bacillary tuberculosis and the increase of drug resistance of M. tuberculosis), the authors recommend further monitoring and epidemiological analysis of the incidence of strains with initial and secondary resistance, systematic external checks of laboratory technique used for testing the sensitivity to antituberculotics and its centralization as well as the introduction of analyses of restrictive fragments of the DNA genome (RFLP method) to monitor the spread of tuberculous mycobacteria in the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[External control of drug sensitivity determination in mycobacteriologic laboratories in the Czech Republic].

In 1992 and 1993 an external control of sensitivity assessment of coded strains of M. tuberculosis to five basic antituberculotics was made: isoniazide, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol and rifampicin. In 1992 from 11 participating laboratories an erroneous result was recorded in 9 (3 laboratories made two mistakes, 6 laboratories one mistake), two laboratories did not provide complete results. Unsatisfactory results were obtained during external controls in 1993. Of 15 participating laboratories four laboratories made one mistake, two laboratories two mistakes, four laboratories three mistakes. Five laboratories (i.e. one third) made more than three mistakes. Analysis of the results revealed a low reproductibility of results of drug sensitivity tests. To eliminate these shortcomings it will be necessary to make systematic external controls with subsequent solution of the shortcomings, restriction of the number of laboratories making these examinations to those who will systematically produce correct results. And it will be also necessary to test the sensitivity tests to antituberculotics in resistant strains in the National reference laboratory for mycobacteria.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1993

Water-borne household infections due to Mycobacterium xenopi.

Of 21 M. xenopi excretors recorded in Prague in 1990, 13 suffered from a serious pulmonary disease and the organisms were detected repeatedly in all of them. In 11 flats of these excretors water samples were collected from faucets and showers and M. xenopi was detected in five of them, as well as in five neighbouring flats. In flats of six remaining excretors and 12 adjoining flats, M. xenopi was not found. However, in 14 of 28 examined flats, the clinically insignificant M. gordonae was isolated. Water samples from three water-works, six regional water reservoirs and 10 street hydrants did not harbour mycobacteria. In the authors' view M. xenopi originating from infected drinking water outlets may cause infections in exposed household dwellers.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1992

Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for rapid detection of Mycobacterium xenopi in drinking water.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to detect 2-docosanol, a secondary alcohol characteristic of Mycobacterium xenopi, in 7 of 10 analyzed drinking water samples culture positive for that species. GC-MS was also used to detect tuberculostearic acid. Both of these chemical markers were analyzed as halogenated derivatives in the negative-ion-chemical-ionization mode. The numbers of CFU of M. xenopi were lowest in the three GC-MS-negative samples. The described GC-MS method is useful for the rapid detection of M. xenopi in drinking water.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1992

[Microbicidal effect of Lautercide, a new disinfectant].

The authors tested the effect of a new disinfectant Lautericide produced by Qualichem Co. Neratovice which contains as the active agent acetate amine of coconut acid. For experiments standard methods were used and standard strains for testing of the following microbial strains: St. aureus, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans, spores of Bacillus subtilis, M. tuberculosis, M. fortuitum, M. avium. As a model virus E. coli bacteriophage OX 174 was used. In concentrations from 0.04% to 0.5% and exposures from 2 to 10 minutes Lautercide exerted a bactericidal and fungicidal action. On spores of B. subtilis the preparation was ineffective even in a 10% concentration and 32-minute exposure. Devitalization of mycobacteria occurred after 15 min. action of Lautercide on M. tuberculosis and M. fortuitum, in M. avium in a 10% concentration in 60 min. Lautercide is ineffective against small resistant viruses without an integument. It is recommended to use Lautercide in a 1% aqueous solution for a one-stage disinfection combined with cleaning in the health services, veterinary medicine and in the field of communal hygiene. Before cleaning objects contaminated with infectious material, 5% Lautercide with 30 min. exposure is recommended. In disinfection of objects contaminated with mycobacteria it is recommended to use a 5% solution with 10-minute exposure for M. tuberculosis and M. fortuitum and a 10% solution for M. avium with 60-minute exposure.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1992

[Detection of mycobacteria in pathologic material using the radiometric method].

For concurrent detection of mycobacteria by the radiometric method BACTEC and the standard cultivation technique 96 samples of pathological material from patients hospitalized with suspected or confirmed tuberculosis was used. The total number of positive samples was 30, using the BACTEC method only, four samples and using the cultivation method only, 10 samples. The assessed difference was not statistically significant. The mean period of positivity with the BACTEC method was 20.4 days, in cultivations 28.8 days. The higher yield of the cultivation method could be caused by various factors. For the BACTEC system inocula of 0.5 ml were used and one cultivation bottle, for the cultivation inocula 1.0 ml and four test tubes for one sample were used. From five samples, positive only on cultivation, only sporadic colonies were obtained after 42-63 days cultivation and in all instances only on one of four media.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Gene manipulation in mycobacteria.

Gene manipulation in mycobacteria developed in two phases. In the first phase genes of mycobacteria were transferred into cells of E. coli and Streptomyces lividans. In the second phase, heterologous genes were transferred into mycobacteria either with a shuttle plasmid or hybrid plasmids. A prerequisite for successful gene manipulation in mycobacteria was a thorough understanding of plasmids in mycobacteria. Construction of recombinant DNA molecules contributed not only to the fact that mycobacteria did not remain outside the mainstream of modern genetic research but also to their present practical importance.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1991

External quality control of mycobacterial laboratories in the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic and in the former German Democratic Republic.

Simulated samples of sputa respectively negative sputa artificially contaminated with mycobacteria were sent to mycobacteriological laboratories in CSFR and the former GDR for the purpose of conducting an external quality control of the process employed in bacteriological examination. The average percentage of positive results corresponding with the reference material came to 75.7% in CSFR and 92.0% in former GDR. Methodological differences influencing the results of external laboratory control in both countries are discussed. Systematic external controls are recommended as an invaluable aid for improvement of the bacteriological demonstration of mycobacterial infections.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1990

[The effect of glutaraldehyde on mycobacteria and on selected types of bacteria].

The author tested the action of 2% alkalinized glutaraldehyde on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. avium, M. xenopi and M. fortuitum, as well as Staphyloccocus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, B. megatherium and B. subtilis. After 5-minute exposure devitalization of M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii and vegetative forms of the tested bacteria occurred. A sporicide effect was recorded already after 30 minutes or after more than 120 minutes. Most resistant were potentially pathogenic M. fortuitum, M. xenopi and M. avium where the disinfectant effect (a drop of CFU by 99.99%) was recorded after 7-63 minutes and their complete devitalization occurred after 3 (M. fortuitum) to 20 hours' (M. avium) action. The author recommends therefore exposure for 24 hours for sterilization of objects contamined with the above species of mycobacteria. This pertains in particular to instruments which cannot be sterilized by heat (endoscopes, bronchoscopes, sigmoidoscopes etc.), used in the diagnosis of mycobacterioses in patients with compromised immunity, e.g. in AIDS.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1988

Mycobacteria in the light of modern genetics development.

It is generally assumed that genetic research of mycobacteria is delayed as compared with other, more commonly used, bacterial models, particularly in the field of genetic transfers. In the field of mutagenesis the problems have been studied to such an extent that replication maps of the chromosome of M. phlei and M. tuberculosis H37 Rv have already been constructed and a new model of the cell cycle of bacteria exhibiting a slow growth rate has been worked out. When the problems of mycobacterial genetics are looked upon in the light of gene manipulations it may be concluded that mycobacteria belong to a few models whose genes are used for cloning and that problems of practical significance will be studied by means of the most modern approaches.

Genetics, Microbial↗
PubMed1988

Isolation and identification of a morpholine-degrading bacterium.

A gram-positive, slowly growing rod effectively utilizing morpholine as the sole source of organic carbon, nitrogen, and energy was isolated from a mixed culture in a laboratory reactor. The strain was tentatively identified as Mycobacterium aurum. Its growth characteristics at 20 degrees C and pH 6.5 were as follows: maximum specific growth rate, 0.052 h-1; half-velocity constant, 1.3 mg/liter; and yield, 0.37 g/g. The optimum temperature and pH were 31 degrees C and 6.0, respectively.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗