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Biomedical subjects

M Tallada

Publications and source records attributed to M Tallada.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Analysis of the expression of HLA class I, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in primary tumors from patients with localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Changes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I expression and cytokine and chemokine production both by cancer cells and by normal surrounding tissue are believed to be responsible for immune escape and tumor progression. In this study, we compared the tumor expression levels of HLA heavy chain (HLAhc), beta-2-microglobulin (beta2m), chemokines (Interferon-gamma-inducible Protein-10 (IP-10), Interferon-inducible T-cell Alpha-Chemoattractant (I-TAC), Stromal cell-Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1), Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1-alpha (MIP-1-alpha) and Regulated upon Activation, Normally T-Expressed, and presumably Secreted (RANTES)) and cytokines (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor Growth Factor-beta (TGB-beta)) in primary tumors and adjacent normal tissues from patients with localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. We report that the expression of HLAhc, beta2m and the studied cytokines and chemokines (except for SDF-1) was significantly higher in the tumor (29 samples) than in the normal tissue (14 samples). When we compared the tumor expression levels between patients with localized RCC and patients with advanced metastatic stage, we found that the messenger RNA expression levels of HLAhc and beta2m were much lower in patients with metastatic RCC (6 cases) than in patients with localized cancer (23 cases), with levels similar to those in normal tissue. This was also confirmed on a protein level by immunohistological labeling of tumor tissues. Thirty-nine percent of the analyzed RCC tumors showed partial loss of HLA class I molecules, while 6% of the tumors showed HLA class I total loss. The expression of IP-10, SDF-1 and VEGF-c was also significantly lower in patients with advanced tumor, while the IFN-gamma expression in metastatic RCC was not detectable. Our findings show that primary RCC tumors are characterized by a high expression of HLAhc and a presence of proinflammatory mediators and chemokines. We also observed that disease progression and development of metastasis in RCC are associated with decreased expression of HLAhc, beta2m, IP-10, SDF-1 and IFN-gamma. This microenvironment may suppress the cytotoxic response, creating conditions that favor tumor escape and cancer progression.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Urinary tract infections and lupus erythematosus.

BACKGROUND: Infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. OBJECTIVE: To analyse urinary tract infection (UTI) risk factors in lupus patients; the influence of these factors on disease activity, organ damage, and disease development; the type and prevalence of UTI; and the micro-organisms involved. METHOD: 86 control subjects and 81 lupus patients were studied prospectively over a 12 month period and examined on five occasions. Epidemiological data and information on urinary symptoms, disease activity (SLEDAI), and organ damage (SLICC/ACR) data were collected. Autoantibodies, complement levels, urine culture, and antibiogram were determined; urological studies were also carried out. SPPS 10.0 and STATA 6.0. were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of UTI in lupus patients was 36%. Lupus influences the onset of UTI (p = 0.001), regardless of other variables. UTI risk factors in lupus patients were age (p = 0.002), previous cases of UTI (p = 0.0001), antinuclear antibodies (ANA) >1/80 IU/ml (p = 0.022), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.02), and admission to hospital due to UTI (p = 0.002). Leucopenia (p = 0.09) and the weekly administration of methotrexate (p = 0.06) had a bearing on the onset of UTI; disease development (p = 0.99), lupus activity (p = 0.32), and organ damage (p = 0.36) do not. The uropathogen most frequently isolated was E coli (60%). CONCLUSIONS: Lupus patients are likely to have UTI, usually manifesting in the lower tract. They are community acquired, basically caused by E coli, and favoured by age, previous UTI, admissions to hospital due to UTI, thrombopenia, ANA, leucopenia, and methotrexate treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

HLA class I expression in bladder carcinomas.

HLA class I molecules are frequently lost in a large variety of human carcinomas, possibly because of T-cell immune selection of major histocompatibility complex class I deficient tumor variants. We report that this phenomenon is also a frequent event in bladder carcinomas. Of a total of 72 bladder carcinomas, 72% of the tumors had at least one alteration in HLA class I expression. These altered HLA class I phenotypes were classified as total HLA class I loss (25%; phenotype I); HLA-A or/and HLA-B locus-specific loss (12%; phenotype III); and HLA class I allelic loss (35%; phenotype II or IV). Comparison of histopathological parameters with HLA class I expression showed a statistically significant relationship with the degree of differentiation and tumor recurrence.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2001

(1)H-MR spectroscopy is sensitive to subtle effects of perinatal asphyxia.

The authors performed neuropsychological and (1)H-MRS studies in 18 subclinical patients with antecedents of perinatal asphyxia (PA) and in 18 matched control subjects. Patients with PA showed reduced values of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in both the basal ganglia and the midtemporal region (MTR) and reduced NAA/choline values in the MTR. Neuropsychological testing showed group differences in tasks related to attention and memory. These results indicate persistent dysfunctions in cerebral structures vulnerable to hypoxia and demonstrate the utility of MRS for the long-term evaluation of cerebral sequelae of neonatal asphyxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Neuropsychological long-term sequelae of perinatal asphyxia.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term neuropsychological consequences of perinatal asphyxia (PA). METHODS: A group of adolescents were assessed with antecedents of mild (n = 8) and moderate (n = 20) PA, and a matched group of 28 healthy adolescents as a control group. Neuropsychological assessment included tests of memory, perceptual-motor skills, and frontal lobe functions, because these are areas of cognitive functioning susceptible to hypoxic conditions. RESULTS: Subjects with moderate PA showed significant differences from the control group on tests related to delayed recall for both verbal and visual information, perceptual-motor speed, and tests assessing attention and executive functions. Conversely, subjects in the mild PA group exhibited scores which were similar to those of the control group in all the assessed variables. CONCLUSION: The present findings demonstrate that subtle but persistent neuropsychological deficits were observed in adolescents with antecedents of moderate PA, but not in those classified with mild asphyxia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Ureteral obstruction caused by periureteral venous dilatation secondary to infrarenal caval obstruction].

Presentation of a case report of a female patient with single right kidney and background of left nephrectomy 21 years earlier due to hypertension who presented to the clinic after an episode of oliguria with lower limbs oedema and renal failure. Renal ultrasound evidenced moderate hydronephrosis, and backward pyelography showed medialization and lumbar ureter compression. CAT examination confirmed the ureteropyelocalycectasis as well as the reduction of the infrarenal lower cava vein to a fibrous cord with internal calcification. Axillary cavography and venography through both femorals demonstrated absence of the infrarenal cava vein segment and existence of a large replacement venous network. During surgery it became evident that the latter was displacing a retrovenous right lumbar ureter medially. Ureterolysis and ureter section with transposition, and termino-terminal anastomosis were performed. The morphological and functional results were excellent with recovery of the renal function (normal serum creatinine) which is still maintained after 7 years follow-up. As a consequence of this case, a review was made of different cava vein anomalies with repercussion in the urine excretory tract.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical impact of idiopathic bladder instability].

Idiopathic vesical instability (I.V.I.), defined as the detrusor's spontaneous contraction during vesical filling or at its end, with a pressure higher than 15 cm H2O, is a urodynamic concept of unknown origin related to clinical disorders such as urinary incontinence, urgency-frequency syndrome, vesicoureteral reflux, repeat urinary infections, upper urological diseases due to pseudo-obstruction and morphological changes in vesicourethral X-rays. From January 1988 to January 1994, 2500 patients have been urodynamically examined. In 24% cases the diagnosis arrived at was vesical instability, 72% of them being I.V.I. I.V.I. was present as single diagnosis in 53% of prostate post-surgical incontinence, 71% of enuresis, 11% of clinically labelled stress incontinence, 46% of non-subsidiary incontinence, 16% of patients examined for prostatism, 55% of vesicoureteral reflux and 59% of repeat urinary infections.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Antimicrobial prophylaxis in urethrocystoscopy. Comparative study].

Instrumentation of lower urinary tract is a predisposing factor for the development of urinary infection. Incidence of infective complications following urethrocystoscopy has been evaluated in a multicenter, prospective, comparative and randomized study in 2,284 patients, who had a previous negative urine culture. Patients were randomized into two groups: one to be used as control and the other one to received antimicrobial prophylaxis prior to instrumentation (ceftriazone, 1 gr intramuscular). Clinical and microbiological responses were evaluated at 48-72 hours and 4 weeks after cystoscopy. Symptomatic bacteriuria was observed in 10.2% of patients in the control group and in 2.5% in the prophylaxis group (p < 0.000); asymptomatic bacteriuria in 3.02% and 1.52% (p > 0.05) and irritative syndrome with sterile urine in 2.93% and 2.60% (p > 0.05), respectively. Thus, the use of prophylaxis reduced the incidence of infective complications in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Abnormal local-circuit neurons in epilepsia partialis continua associated with focal cortical dysplasia.

A limited cortical resection including the rolandic fissure and the pre- and postcentral cortical regions was carried out in a patient suffering from epilepsia partialis continua resistant to antiepileptic drugs. The histological examination revealed several foci of very large neurons distributed with no laminar organization in the depth of the rolandic fissure and in the crown of the primary motor and primary somatosensory areas; these lesions were consistent with focal cortical dysplasia. In addition, decreased numbers of neurons, astrocytosis and proliferation of capillaries, compatible with chronic tissue necrosis, were found in the inferior regions of the banks of the rolandic fissure. Subpopulations of local-circuit neurons were examined with parvalbumin, calbindin D-28k and somatostatin immunocytochemistry. Focal areas of cortical dysplasia contained abnormal immunoreactive neurons. Huge parvalbumin-immunoreactive cells were distributed at random and resembled axo-axonic (chandelier) and basket neurons. Abnormal calbindin D-28k-immunoreactive cells were reminiscent of double-bouquet neurons and multipolar cells. Very large somatostatin-immunoreactive cells were seldom observed in the dysplastic foci. On the other hand, areas of tissue necrosis displayed massive reduction of immunoreactive cells and fibers. Abnormalities in the morphology and distribution of local-circuit (inhibitory) neurons observed here for the first time in focal cortical dysplasia may have a pivotal role in the appearance and prolongation of electrical discharges and continuous motor signs in human focal epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Risk factors for developing voiding dysfunction after abdominoperineal resection for adenocarcinoma of the rectum.

Voiding dysfunction is a common sequel of abdominoperineal resection of the rectum. Twenty patients symptomatic after abdominoperineal resection, 14 with a preoperative normal urodynamic study and six with evidence of obstruction, were studied postoperatively. The importance of the following factors is analyzed: sex, stage, grade, size, distance of the tumor from the anal verge, metastatic lymph-node involvement, and extent of lymphadenectomy. Male gender, tumors situated between 4 and 8 cm from the anal verge, and lymphadenectomy that includes more than ten nodes may be considered risk factors for neurologic damage and postoperative voiding dysfunction.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis and management of lymphoceles after renal transplantation.

Eighteen lymphoceles developed after 199 renal transplantations, 11 being asymptomatic. Ultrasound was the most sensitive method of detection. Seven lymphoceles were symptomatic, pelvic mass and decreased renal function being the most frequent signs. Five lymphoceles were successfully treated by instillation of iodate povidone into the lymphatic cavity; there were no complications or recurrences. This is a simple, safe and inexpensive method for the treatment of lymphoceles after renal transplantation.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

[Linear sebaceous nevus syndrome].

We report a patient that fulfills the clinical features of the linear nevus sebaceous syndrome. This syndrome was defined by the triad: Linear nevus sebaceous, seizures and mental retardation. Further descriptions suggested an association with hamartomas of mesenchymal structures and increased risk of neoplasm transformation. Previously reported cases are reviewed. The complexity of classification of this neurocutaneous syndrome is discussed.

Facial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous regression of renal transplant artery stenosis: a new case.

Stenosis of the renal graft artery is a relatively common complication in renal transplantation. Therapy consists of either transluminal angioplasty or surgical correction. Nevertheless some untreated cases show good spontaneous evolution. We describe a well-documented case of graft artery stenosis causing severe hypertension with declining renal function which experienced spontaneous resolution.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Bone lithiasis or bone metaplasia?

A case in which bone has been found in the upper urinary tract is reported. Since the physiopathology and morphological characteristics of this tissue do not meet the requirements needed to be defined as a urolith, we believe this is a case of bone metaplasia and not urinary lithiasis.

Adult↗