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Biomedical subjects

M Toyota

Publications and source records attributed to M Toyota.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients by mode of detection--comparison of patients detected between 1993-94 with those detected between 1986-88].

In a previous study it was concluded that pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients who were detected at a hospital, excluding those detected by mass screening (group A), should be classified into three distinct groups. Namely some patients were detected only after the onset of TB symptoms (group B), with the others being treated for other diseases before being diagnosed as having TB (group C). In group C, some patients were detected because of manifesting additional symptoms related to TB such as cough (group C-1), while the remaining patients were detected by chance while being examined for other diseases (group C-2). Four groups respectively had specific characteristics which differentiated each other. The aim of this study is to elucidate changes of proportion and characteristics of group C compared to the former results. Pulmonary TB patients, who were registered between 1993 and 1994, in the area served by Kochi Prefectural Chuo Health Center (N = 332) were compared with those registered between 1986 and 1988 in the area. The results were as follows. 1) The proportion of group C was significantly higher in the period of 1993-94 than during 1986-88. The proportion of elderly people in group C was higher in the period of 1993-1994 than in 1986-88. The proportion of group C is projected to continue increasing as the proportion of elderly among the population increases. 2) The proportion of smear positive cases by sputum was lower in group C-2 than in group B and group C-1. The proportion of either inactive TB or non TB cases was estimated to be higher in group C-2 than in group B and group C-1. 3) In group C-1, the proportion of bacillus positive cases was higher in the period of 1993-94 than 1986-88. The elongation of the interval between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis (total delay) was related to the severity of bacillus finding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Supporting roles of health centers in community health practice by municipalities].

Staff of community health centers are expected to support those of municipalities so that they can identify health relevant issues in their communities, plan strategies to resolve the issues, implement them and evaluate the action. To illustrate the role of community health centers, the authors report the process of health promotion practice in Taisho-cho, Kochi prefecture, which was supported by Kubokawa health center. The health center took the initiative in identifying issues in community health through analyzing available information. In a practice setting, the health center facilitated involvement and participation by the residents and cooperated with other community resources. The process of support is discussed from the point of view of community organization practice.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMed1995

Specific 5'-GGGA-3'-->5'-GGA-3' mutation of the Apc gene in rat colon tumors induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine.

The APC gene plays a major role in human colon carcinogenesis. We determined the genomic structure of the rat Apc gene, and we analyzed mutations in colon tumors induced in F344 rats by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), potent carcinogens contained in ordinary daily human food. Of eight PhIP-induced tumors, one tumor had two Apc mutations, two tumors had a mutation with loss of the normal allele, and one had a mutation. Two of the above five mutations were at nucleotide 1903, one at 2605, and two at 4237, all being a deletion of a guanine base at the 5'-GGGA-3' site and resulting in truncation of the APC protein. Of 13 IQ-induced tumors, 2 had an Apc mutation with loss of the normal allele. The two mutations were a missense mutation (T-->C) at nucleotide 1567 and a nonsense mutation (C-->T) at 2761. Alteration of the Apc gene was shown to play a more important role in PhIP-induced than in IQ-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. PhIP-induced tumors are characterized by their specific and unique mutation, which may be useful for mutational fingerprinting of human cancers.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[Life satisfaction and its related factors among institutionalized patients at a Hansen's disease sanatorium].

We conducted a questionnaire survey on life styles and health status for 293 patients with Hansen's disease. They were admitted to the wards for disabled and physically able patients of Ohshima Seishoen, in Kagawa prefecture, in 1991. This institution is one of Japan's national leprosy sanitarians. We measured patients' life satisfaction with the Delighted-Terrible Scale. In this report, the distribution of life satisfaction and its associated factors were examined for 210(71.7%) respondents. Factors examined were length of treatment, physical health, and social aspects of life at the sanatorium. The major findings were as follows; 1. The patients aged under 60 had lower proportions of being satisfied with life than those aged 60 or older. The proportions of life satisfaction of the 40-59 age group were 17% for men and 22% for women, while for the 60 or older age groups were 33-44% for men and 41-45% for women. The proportions of life satisfaction in the 60 or older age groups were lower than those of community dwelling elderly persons. 2. We examined factors associated with life satisfaction for the respondents aged 60 or older. Dependence on activities of daily living (ADL) was associated with life satisfaction in some ADL items. Care and aid provided by the staff of the sanatorium may modify the relationship between ADL impairment and life satisfaction. For social aspects of life at the sanatorium, both having networks with family members and having resources other than family were associated with life satisfaction. Going out and positively spending their daily lives were associated with life satisfaction, too. These associations were significant for men. Similar patterns of association were observed for women, but were insignificant. This finding suggests that it is important for the health and medical care staff to pay attention to the social aspects of the life of elderly patients with Hansen's disease.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Improving workplace environments and working conditions at worksites providing school lunch service in Japan.

With the cooperation of All Japan Prefectural and Municipal Workers' Union, we have started an overall program on occupational safety and health from 1984. This program has several strategies aimed at preventing occupational injuries and work-related diseases. At first, we analyzed the relationship between work-related hazards and occupational factors, and to identify dangerous or hazardous factors in the workplace. Second, we have conducted a couple of intervention studies at worksites and evaluated these improvements. Third, we discussed the priority, feasibility and cost of improvements with Workers' Union members and school lunch workers. Fourth, during the last decade, Workers' Union and many researchers have demanded that regulations be implemented which would establish comprehensive safety and health programs. Fifth, we provided the workers with procedures on how to improve working environments and conditions. These education and training programs are provided for small-group working ("safety and health circle"), and demonstrate to workers their abilities to solve occupational safety and health problems and to empower them with respect to health-related issues. Finally, we discussed and evaluated the preventive effects of improving workplace environments and working conditions. The overall program on occupational safety and health at worksites is developing nationwide and is gradually taking effect.

Cooking↗
PubMed1994

Complementary DNA cloning and characterization of truncated form of c-kit in human colon carcinoma cells.

We have obtained a novel c-kit complementary DNA (cDNA) from a colon carcinoma cell line, Colo201, and characterized its structure. The size of the transcript in Colo201 was approximately 3.5 kilobases and it hybridized to the c-kit cDNA fragments encompassing the kinase domain, but not to the cDNA fragments encoding extracellular and transmembrane domains. The predicted protein encoded by those cDNAs was composed of 257 amino acids containing the NH2-terminal 25 unique amino acids in frame by the COOH terminal of the KIT protein. Of interest, these 25 amino acids were encoded by intron 15 of the c-kit gene. The aberrant mRNA was also detected in another colon carcinoma cell line, BM314. The translation of this message in Colo201 was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. This is the first report describing the aberrant transcript of c-kit in human tumor cells, and it is suggested that truncated form of c-kit might play a role in the onset and development of human colon carcinoma.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Expression of cytoskeletal-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPH1 mRNA in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

We investigated the mRNA expression of cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPH1), which has a homologous domain to cytoskeletal-associated proteins, in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PTPH1 mRNA was detected in all HCC cell lines (n = 6), and HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues (n = 8) examined, indicating that PTPH1 was expressed in HCCs and hepatocytes. There was no remarkable difference in the level expression of PTPH1 mRNA between HCC and adjacent noncancerous tissues. We also performed RT-PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis in HCC cell lines and tissues in the C-terminal region of the catalytic domain of PTPH1. In the cHc4 cell line and a HCC tissue specimen, a shifted band was detected, although it was not found in the non-cancerous tissue of the HCC specimen. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed a common mutation from T to C at the third letter of codon 919 which did not lead to amino acid substitution. These results suggest that another mutation leading to the development of HCC could occur in some region of PTPH1 other than that investigated in this study.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Validity of "the risk index" to predict the infectiousness of tuberculosis patients].

It has been proposed that "the risk index" obtained by multiplying the score of sputum-smear examination (Gaffky number) by the duration of symptomatic period in months is useful for the prediction of the infectiousness of a tuberculosis patient. To verify this theory, contacts examination of 498 index cases, who were newly registered by the Kochi Chuo Health Center from 1986 to 1988 as pulmonary tuberculosis patients, was carried out. Of the index cases, 58 cases (11.6%) were suspected to be responsible for significantly strong tuberculin reactions of one or more persons among their respective contacts. The proportion of such infectious cases was higher among the smear-positive index cases as well as those with cough, in comparison with smear-negative ones and those without cough. The rate of infectious case rose significantly according to the rank of "the risk index" of the index case. From these results, it was concluded that "the risk index" was useful to predict the infectiousness of the tuberculosis patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[A reevaluation of the criteria for initiating medical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients].

In Japan some registered tuberculosis (TB) patients have had medical treatment initiated for the purpose of preventing development of inactive TB into active stages, or due to differential diagnosis. A reevaluation of the necessity of commencing medical treatment was performed on 91 TB patients to elucidate the special characteristics of TB patients who do not necessarily need medical treatment. The results are as follows: 1) Among the 91 patients, 67 patients were judged to be 'confirmed cases', while 24 patients were judged to be 'suspect cases', with either inactive TB or possibly without TB. 2) The rates of 'suspect cases' were higher in the tubercle bacillus negative groups as well as the X-ray mild cases compared to the tubercle bacillus positive cases and X-ray severe cases. 3) The patient's self-diagnosed symptoms proved to be useful in evaluating the TB patient's severity. It is thought that this information should be used to judge the necessity of commencing medical treatment in TB patients.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Expression of c-kit and kit ligand in human colon carcinoma cells.

To determine whether c-kit and kit ligand (KL) mRNAs could be expressed in human epithelial tumors, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analysis were performed. KL mRNA was shown to be expressed in a variety of epithelial tissues and cell lines. The expression of c-kit mRNA was then examined in hepatocellular and colon carcinoma cell lines. While hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines did not express c-kit mRNA as far as we could ascertain, 2 of 5 colon carcinoma cell lines showed the expression of both c-kit and KL mRNAs. Furthermore, the expression of c-kit in these cells was demonstrated at the protein level by flow cytometry. These data suggest that c-kit and KL may play an important role as an autocrine loop in the proliferation of some colon carcinoma cells.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Cloning and characterization of a human cDNA encoding a novel putative cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine-phosphatase.

We have cloned and characterized a human cDNA encoding a new member of the family of cytosolic type protein-tyrosine-phosphatase (PTP), designated as PTPG1, from an adult colon tissue cDNA library by using the PCR product as probe. We obtained 5 cDNA clones, which cover the predicted open reading frame encoding a 88-kDa protein composed of 780 amino acids, and it had no apparent signal or transmembrane sequences, suggesting that it is a cytosolic protein. The N-terminal region had a PTP catalytic domain that is 30-40% identical to previously reported human PTPs. This revealed that the enzyme composes an additional family of human PTPs. PTPG1 was characterized by a long non-enzymatic domain located at the C-terminus, including PEST sequences which are characteristic for short half-life proteins in eukaryotes. Northern blot analysis of PTPG1 mRNA showed a 4.6-kb transcript that was detected in a wide variety of cell lines to suggest its extensive expression.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

A new restriction fragment length polymorphism of the human alpha-fetoprotein gene in Japanese individuals: detection of loss of heterozygosity in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

By using the cDNA probe for the human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene, one restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was discovered in Japanese patients. A variety of combinations of restriction enzymes and probes were evaluated in DNA samples from 25 Japanese individuals who were genetically unrelated. As a result, AvaII identified one invariant band of 8 kb and polymorphic bands at either 2.8 or 2.0 kb with the 5'-region probe from a cDNA clone, pHAF7. With the AvaII/pHAF7 combination, we examined the loss of heterozygosity in 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Of 6 informative specimens, 2 showed loss of heterozygosity. These data suggest that the AFP cDNA probe could be useful for analyzing loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 4q in human HCC.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A study on the distortion of distributions of delays in detecting pulmonary tuberculosis].

It is reported that a cumulated percentage of the interval between the onset of symptoms and the first visit to a doctor (patient delay) and that between the first visit and diagnosis (doctor's delay) among pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients demonstrate a straight line on the log-normal probability paper. Factors influencing the straight line nature of these delays were analyzed. The samples consist of 454 patients who were diagnosed between 1986 and 1988, from the area served by the Kochi Chuo Health Center. They were divided into two groups; 125 patients detected due to the manifestation of additional symptoms related to TB while being treated for other diseases (group A), and 329 patients detected only after the onset of TB symptoms (group B). Results are as follows. 1) When considering all patients (group A+B), patient delay among cases found through positive examination of tubercle bacillus and the doctor's delay among cases whose bacillus examination was negative demonstrated a straight line. However patient delay among bacillus negative cases demonstrated a downward tendency and the doctor's delay among bacillus positive cases demonstrated a upward tendency on the log-normal probability paper. 2) In the B group, both the patient's and doctor's delay demonstrated virtually straight lines among both bacillus positive and negative cases. However, in the A group, a straight line among bacillus positive cases was demonstrated, while a downward tendency was revealed among the bacillus negative cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Expression of two types of kit ligand mRNAs in human tumor cells.

The primary structure of human kit ligand (KL) growth factor mRNA was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing. Two bands from the total RNAs of a variety of human tumor cell lines were amplified by RT-PCR. Nucleotide sequences of these cloned cDNAs revealed that an 84-nucleotide stretch, corresponding to a spacer chain which contains the site for proteolytic release of the cytokine domain, was missing in the shorter clone, resulting in a transmembrane-bound form of KL. The relative intensity of the two bands in human bone marrow and tumor cells was then determined. In the bone marrow cells, THP1 and HuH7, the band for the membrane-bound type of KL was relatively more intense, whereas the reverse was the case in Daudi, K562 and HT1080 cells, suggesting that there are variations in the expression level of these two human KL mRNAs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Practical use of mortality statistics and mass examination results by health workers in the local authority of the community].

In Kochi prefecture, the prefectural health service bureau tabulates both mortality statistics and mass examination results for each community and the tabulated report is sent annually to public health services staff in each local authority. While recognizing its limitations, methods of how to use the annual report are demonstrated. For example comparison of the mortality statistics and the mass examination results of the male population of A town, which is administered by Susaki Health Center, to that of the combined male population of all the towns administered by the health center shows that although the mortality rate for cerebrovascular disease for the A town-male population had been much higher than that of the combined male population in the early 1980's, the difference disappeared in the late 1980's. On the other hand, prevalence of systolic hypertension in the A town-male population continued to be higher than that for the combined male population in the late 1980's. Therefore hypertension prevention programs appears to still have significance in the A town-male population. Certain weaknesses exist in this annual report. In the comparison of mass examination results among different populations, the presence of selection bias of those receiving examinations should be considered. Standardization of mass examination procedures and quality controls of the examinations should also be considered. To get health workers to utilize the annual report further, the reported items should be improved. Particularly useful would be tabulation by residential subdivision and occupation.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of prostaglandin E1 during anesthesia in non-elderly and elderly patients].

The effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on blood pressure during anesthesia and the postoperative changes in organ functions were examined and compared in 358 cases. Two hundred and eighty patients were under 64 years of age and 128 patients were over 65 years. It was possible to control blood pressure satisfactorily with PGE1 in both non-elderly and elderly groups. However in the elderly group, it was more difficult to control blood pressure with PGE1 under NLA as compared with enflurane anesthesia. In both groups, urinary flow increased during and after the administration of PGE1, and the livers and kidneys showed neither dysfunction nor deterioration after operation. We had very few incidences of side effects with this drug. PGE1 is also considered safe and useful for elderly people during and after surgery.

Adolescent↗