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Biomedical subjects

M Viander

Publications and source records attributed to M Viander.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Allergenic variability of different strains of Candida albicans.

The allergenic variation of six Candida albicans strains was studied by immunoblotting with pooled sera from 20 C. albicans-RAST-positive subjects. The presence of a 46-kilodalton (kD) protein, the major allergen, and a 29-kD protein, an intermediate allergen, was shown in crude extracts from disrupted cells (six strains). There was a significant variation in the content of the major C. albicans allergen (46 kD) between the different strains. Surface extracts of all six C. albicans strains contained mannan. Immunoblotting of cell wall extracts of intact C. albicans (agar plate) of different age revealed the strongest IgE binding in cultures incubated for 36-50 h. Due to the varying proportions of allergens demonstrated in the different strains of C. albicans, the starting source material for extract production should be a pool of individual strains, which all should be analysed prior to pooling. Special attention should be paid to the selection of C. albicans strains, and a parameter such as the breakability of the strain should be considered.

Allergens↗
PubMed1989

Circulating antibodies and immune complexes in oral mucosal diseases.

This paper reviews the use of measurement of circulating auto-antibodies and antibodies to food proteins, and of circulating immune complexes (CIC) for diagnosis of various systemic diseases with oral involvement. Results of a study of 29 patients suffering from chronic oral mucosal disease, in which such methods were applied are reported. Auto-antibodies against epithelial intercellular substance (AICSA) were found in three patients, two of whom had pemphigus. Only one of the two patients diagnosed as having pemphigoid had circulating antibodies to basement membrane zone (ABMZA). Auto-antibodies to reticulin (IgA-ARA) were found in one patient in whom a diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) was confirmed by intestinal biopsy. In addition to the patient with CD, another patient had IgA class antibodies against gliadin (IgA-AGA). IgG-AGA were found in five other patients, in one of whom dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) was diagnosed. Antibodies to cow's milk (ACMA) were detected in 10 patients and CIC in 4 patients. Case reports are given to illustrate the important role of antibody determination coupled with histopathological and immunofluorescence examination of tissue biopsy material in the diagnosis of serious oral disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

PUVA treatment of nickel contact dermatitis: effect on dermatitis, patch test sensitivity, and lymphocyte transformation reactivity.

Five females with nickel contact allergy and longstanding hand dermatitis were treated with oral methoxsalen and a series of whole-body UVA irradiations with a cumulative UVA dose of 30 to 58 J/cm2. Lymphocyte stimulation to nickel sulphate was determined prior to PUVA therapy, and monitored during the treatment and at 1 year after treatment. In 4 patients the cutaneous threshold to nickel sulphate patch testing was determined immediately post-PUVA and at 1 year. In all cases, the dermatosis cleared during the PUVA treatment. In 2 patients the immediate post-PUVA skin nickel reactivity was low compared with the 1-year follow-up value, while in 2 patients a progressive diminution of the skin reactivity was noticed. One patient was in clinical remission and had negative skin test at 1-year follow-up. In spite of diminished cutaneous sensitivity and/or clinical remission, the sensitivity of blood lymphocytes to nickel was approximately the same or increased, as determined by the lymphocyte transformation test. Thus no evidence was found to indicate that systemic, nickel-specific suppressive immune regulative mechanisms would have been activated by the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Kawasaki disease: monitoring of circulating immune complexes.

We followed the levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in 27 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) from the acute stage of the disease through convalescence, using the test for platelet-reactive IgG-IC, and C1q-binding and conglutinin-binding enzyme immunoassays. CIC were detected by one or more techniques in all but one patient. Positive results were obtained most often with the test for platelet-reactive IgG-IC. Measurement of complement components C3 and C4 in 14 patients revealed an increase in C3 levels during the first few weeks of the disease and normal levels of C4. The blood platelet count correlated directly with the level of platelet-reactive IgG-IC. The highest levels of CIC were found during weeks 3 through 7 after the onset of disease. Measurement of CIC is, however, not applicable to the clinical follow-up of patients with KD.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1988

Allergenic cross-reactivity of yeasts.

Yeast allergen extracts of Candida albicans, C. pseudotropicalis, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondi, C. humicola, C. norwegica, C. utilis, Cryptococcus albidus, Geotrichum candidum, Pityrosporon pachydermatis, P. ovale, Rhodotorula minuta, R. rubra, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulopsis glabrata and Trichosporon cutaneum were investigated regarding their common allergenic properties. The enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using rabbit anti-Candida albicans antiserum showed remarkable immunological cross-reactivity only between the Candida species. However, there was a significant multiple sensitivity to the extracts of C. albicans, C. utilis, Cr. albidus, R. rubra and S. cerevisiae in skin prick testing in atopic patients, suggesting the possible presence of one or more common skin reactive allergens.

Allergens↗
PubMed1988

Relationship of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to nasopharyngeal and intestinal growth of Candida albicans in allergic subjects.

The growth of C. albicans yeast in the nasopharynx and in the anus as well as allergy symptoms were followed up for 8 months in 67 patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and/or atopic eczema. 38 of the patients were skin prick test positive and 29 negative to C. albicans allergen extract. 32 of the patients had positive and 19 negative delayed skin reactions. The nasal, bronchial and skin symptoms of the yeast-sensitive allergic patients were not associated with the nasopharyngeal nor anal occurrence of C. albicans or other yeasts. The use of nasal or inhaled steroids had no effect on the occurrence of Candida in the nasopharynx. It was observed that immediate skin sensitivity had a positive correlation and the delayed sensitivity a negative correlation with the occurrence of C. albicans growth in nasopharynx and anus. These findings are in agreement with the concept that impaired cell-mediated immunity to C. albicans may lead to increased IgE response. This may explain the increased liability towards C. albicans nasopharyngeal and gastrointestinal "saprophytic" growth.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Allergic reaction to an amide local anesthetic in segmental epidural analgesia.

A very serious case of anaphylactoid reaction to bupivacaine occurred during epidural analgesia. A rise in complement 3 activation products and a decrease in immunoglobulin E were observed, while bupivacaine toxicity was ruled out by normal serum concentration. Severe maternal hypotension, and a sudden decrease in the fetal heart rate were detected clinically. By a cesarean section, a baby girl was delivered, who at the age of 1 year appears normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

IgA anti-endomysial antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis: correlation with jejunal morphology, gluten-free diet and anti-gliadin antibodies.

Circulating IgA-class anti-endomysium antibodies (EmA) can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence on monkey oesophagus sections. We found EmA in 22 (76%) of 29 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) on a normal, gluten-containing diet. The highest frequency (100%) of EmA was observed in patients with sub-total villous atrophy. IgA-class antigliadin antibodies (AGA) were found using an ELISA method in 59% of 29 DH patients and in 86% of those with sub-total villous atrophy. There was a significant correlation between EmA titres and AGA levels in individual patients. Gluten-free diet (GFD) treatment caused a rapid decrease in EmA titres; only three of the 12 patients still showed raised EmA after 6-12 months on a GFD and two of these three had failed to adhere to a strict diet. In contrast, no decrease in EmA titres occurred in four patients maintained on a normal diet, and two of the three patients with initially negative EmA developed positive titres when continuing on a normal diet. These results show that both IgA-class EmA and AGA are good indicators of jejunal damage in DH. The rapid fall of EmA titres after gluten withdrawal indicates that this test is also useful for monitoring a patient's adherence to a GFD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Leukocyte migration inhibition test in children with cow milk allergy.

The usefulness of the leukocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) test to detect cow milk (CM) hypersensitivity was studied in 40 children with suspected allergy to CM. Hypersensitivity was carefully investigated by oral milk challenges, which gave a final confirmation of cow milk hypersensitivity in 12 subjects, and excluded it in the remaining 28 subjects. Leukocyte migration inhibition was measured using beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), alpha-lactalbumin (ALA), alpha-casein (ACA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as antigens. IgA and IgG antibodies to these antigens were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and IgE antibodies to these antigens and to CM by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Skin prick test with CM was performed in 38 subjects, and with BLG, ALA, ACA and BSA in 29 subjects. Leukocyte migration was more often inhibited by cow milk antigens in the CM challenge positive (CM+) subjects than in the challenge negative (CM-) subjects. Of the specific milk antigens, ALA was the most potent inhibitor, and gave a positive LIF test result in all CM+ subjects, and significantly (P less than 0.02) less often (15/24) in CM- subjects. Also in the skin prick test and RAST, ALA gave positive results more often than the other milk antigens. BLG, ACA and BSA had an inhibiting effect on leukocyte migration, but the difference between the CM+ and CM- subjects was not statistically significant. Two of the 12 CM+ subjects had no demonstrable IgE antibodies to CM proteins; both of them, however, had a positive LIF test with at least one of the CM antigens.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to Actinomyces and Arachnia species.

Polyclonal (PoAbs) and monoclonal (MoAbs) antibodies were produced to Actinomyces israelii serotypes 1 and 2, to Actinomyces naeslundii, and to Arachnia propionica, and their specificities were studied by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA). All PoAbs except those to A. propionica reacted also with at least one other Actinomyces species. Only the MoAb to A. naeslundii proved to be more specific than the corresponding PoAbs. This MoAb did not crossreact with other Actinomyces or Arachnia species, nor with any other anaerobic or aerobic bacteria studied by inhibition EIA. Immunoblotting studies indicated that the antibody specific to A. naeslundii is directed against a large molecular weight antigen (greater than 150 kd), probably polysaccharide in nature. The produced PoAbs and MoAbs can be used for further analyses of the antigenic determinants of different Actinomyces and Arachnia species.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1987

Adherent cells from rheumatoid synovia: identity of HLA-DR positive stellate cells.

Rheumatoid synovia were enzymatically digested and the in vitro morphology of different types of plastic adherent cells was observed. Four main types of cells were found after 24 hours in culture: stellate cells which had nuclei resembling those of classical cultured fibroblasts, but which stained positively with I2 antibody (anti-HLA-DR antibody); fibroblastic cells; cells which resembled morphologically in vitro macrophages and which were I2 and OKM-1 positive; round monocytes. The stellate cells did not stain with anti-S-100 or OKT-6 antibodies, which are used to detect classical antigen presenting dendritic cells. Furthermore, in the presence of indomethacin the stellate shaped cells were replaced by new I2 positive cells with a typical fibroblast shape. These results support the view that the stellate cells in synovial cell cultures represent HLA-DR positive fibroblasts, probably B cells of synovial lining.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1987

A sandwich enzyme immunoassay for the detection of human IgG antibodies to dog allergens.

A double-sandwich enzyme immunoassay (DSEIA) was developed for the detection of human IgG antibodies to dog dander and hair (DH) allergens. Since DH allergens are immunogenic in rabbits, the gamma-globulin fraction of rabbit antiserum to DH (RGG-a-DH; 10 micrograms/ml) was used for coating of polystyrene microtiter plates. Dog allergens (1 microgram/ml of DH extract) were bound to RGG-a-DH. Binding of human IgG Ab to nonimmune RGG (10 micrograms/ml)--used as a background control--was substracted from the DH specific one and nonspecific binding was further eliminated by using 0.5% of normal rabbit serum in the dilution buffer. Sera were diluted 1:10 in this buffer. Specificity of the assay was shown by absorption experiments: protein A, anti-IgE discs (Phadebas PRIST) and dog or birch (e5, t3; Phadebas RAST) allergen discs were used to remove total and allergen specific IgG and IgE, respectively. The results were expressed as net absorbances or as a percentage of a reference serum. A significant correlation (r = 0.65, p less than 0.001) between IgG (DSEIA) and IgE (RAST) antibodies to dog allergens was observed in 40 untreated dog allergic subjects. The DSEIA was found to be more sensitive than conventional ELISA in detecting IgG Ab in 15 asthmatic children during hyposensitization: a significant rise was observed in 14 compared to 12 with ELISA, while no significant increases were observed in the placebo-treated group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Sensitization to storage mites and other work-related and common allergens among Finnish dairy farmers.

Skin-tests with the prick technique were made on 121 dairy farmers with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma (symptomatic subjects), 64 dairy farmers without respiratory symptoms (asymptomatic subjects), and 26 non-farming controls. The antigen panel consisted of the storage mites Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor, and Tyrophagus putrescentiae, as well as other work-related allergens (cereal grains, animal epithelia, fungi and yeasts), and common allergens (house dust mite, pollens). Mean areas of weals formed by individual allergens were adjusted by analysis of covariance for age, sex, and atopic background (past or present atopic dermatitis including infantile eczema). Adjusted mean weal areas for almost all allergens, except pollens and few other allergens, were significantly larger in farmers than in non-farming controls. In contrast, only skin reactions to cow dander, to a non-dialyzed crude preparation of fodder yeast Candida utilis, and to Candida albicans distinguished symptomatic subjects from asymptomatic ones. Stepwise discriminant analysis, in which reactions to all allergens as well as age, sex, and atopy were taken into account simultaneously, revealed that reactions to a dialysed preparation of fodder yeast best distinguished symptomatic farmers from asymptomatic ones. C. utilis and C. albicans may be cross-reactive. The results imply that skin tests alone are of limited value in the search for work-related causes of rhinitis or asthma among dairy farmers. Our study confirms the importance of cow dander as an occupational allergen in dairy farming. Fodder yeast seems to be another important occupational sensitizer.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1987

Virulence-plasmid is associated with the inhibition of opsonization in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Plasmid-cured variants of virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis were obtained by selection after growth in calcium-deficient medium. To obtain antigen preparations consisting of whole bacteria the original plasmid-containing strains and the plasmid-cured variants were grown in conditions favouring expression of the temperature-inducible outer membrane proteins of Yersinia (YOP) (37 degrees C, calcium-deficient culture medium). The presence or absence of the YOP on the bacteria was verified by immunoblotting. Opsonophagocytosis of YOP-negative Yersinia preparations (YOP-) was compared to that of YOP-containing ones (YOP+) in human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemiluminescence (CL) assay. The attachment of complement C3b on the surface of the bacteria after opsonization with normal human serum was determined by using a fluorescent anti-C3c-antibody and flow cytometry. YOP+ bacteria resisted opsonization in the absence of specific antibodies, as indicated by diminished C3b-fixation on bacteria and weaker CL response. This implies that virulence-plasmid-coded structures provide Y. enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis with an ability to avoid complement-mediated opsonization and phagocytosis.

Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Serum-sickness-like disease is a common cause of acute arthritis in children.

Among 283 children in a prospective study of arthritis we found 15 patients with a self-limited serum-sickness-like disease consisting of urticaria or joint erythema and mostly polyarticular arthritis. The mean duration of joint symptoms was 5.9 days. A preceding infection was reported in 12 patients and 12 had received drugs, the therapy starting on average 12.8 days before the onset of joint symptoms. In 9 cases the drug was penicillin. Four patients had recurrent attacks. Circulating immune complexes were detected in the serum of 12 patients, but specific IgE antibodies to penicillin only in 3 patients. The estimated annual incidence of the condition was 4.7/100,000 children under age 16.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Immunotherapy in allergy to dog. Immunologic and clinical findings of a double-blind study.

Twenty-seven dog-allergic asthmatic children with no pets in the home were included in the study. The clinical trial was performed as a double-blind study using a commercial standardized aluminum hydroxide-bound dog dander and hair extract or histamine-placebo. The patients were randomized into the active treatment or the placebo group on the basis of the RAST (e5) and the provocation test with aqueous dog dander and hair extract. The good clinical response of immunotherapy with dog dander and hair extract has been reported earlier. The specific immunotherapy resulted in an increase in the serum level of antigen-specific IgG antibodies (P less than .01) and a decrease in the skin sensitivity to dog extract (P less than .001) in the active treatment group when compared with the placebo group. The treatment was well-tolerated. No systemic reactions occurred and local reactions were mild. The results show a good immunologic response with a standardized dog dander and hair extract. There were no major changes in the course of bronchial asthma in either group. After 1 year of immunotherapy the subjects had no symptoms on a dog-exposure of short duration. This must be carefully emphasized when considering the indications for immunotherapy.

Adolescent↗