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Biomedical subjects

M Viander

Publications and source records attributed to M Viander.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Immunocytochemical demonstration of Actinomyces species and Arachnia propionica in periapical infections.

Immunocytochemical methods were used for the demonstration of Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces naeslundii and Arachnia propionica in bacterial colonies found in 7 routine biopsies from periapical inflammatory lesions. All 3 species were found in one specimen, both A. israelii and A. propionica in 3 specimens, and one of each species in the remaining 3 biopsies. Specificity controls by enzyme immunoassay showed that antiserum to A. israelii reacted also with A. odontolyticus, and that to A. naeslundii with A. viscosus, while antiserum to A. propionica did not show any cross-reactions with Actinomyces species. The results indicate that immunocytochemical methods can be used for the diagnosis of periapical actinomycosis at the species level. Actinomyces and Arachnia species seem to have an important role in the pathogenesis of complicated periapical infections.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1985

Effect of oral retinoid treatment on human natural killer cell activity.

Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity was screened in patients with non-malignant disorders of the skin who took oral etretinate or 13-cis-retinoic acid for up to 11 months. Compared to pretreatment values, the basic NK activity rose during the first 2 months of treatment, but thereafter returned to starting values. Interferon reactivity (IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma) was essentially unaltered by the treatment. It is concluded that moderate oral retinoid doses cause a mild, transient stimulation of this natural immune surveillance system in man.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Antigliadin antibodies and gluten-free diet in dermatitis herpetiformis.

IgA and IgG class antigliadin antibodies (AGA) were analysed with ELISA technique from serum samples of 30 dermatitis herpetiformis patients. Jejunal biopsies were performed to all patients before any treatment and high levels of IgA class AGA were found to be associated with subtotal villous atrophy. Fourteen patients started gluten-free diet (GFD) which caused a significant decrease in both IgA and IgG class AGA. The decrease of IgA AGA was faster than that of IgG AGA and IgA antibody levels fell to normal range during the GFD treatment in all but one patient. In contrast, 5 out of 8 patients followed on normal died showed increasing IgA AGA levels and all of them had a rise in IgG AGA. IgA and IgG class antibodies to cow's milk were also measured in these patients but in contrast to AGA the diets had no clearcut effect on these antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of UVA and UVB irradiation on human epidermal Langerhans cell membrane markers defined by ATPase activity and monoclonal antibodies (OKT 6 and anti-Ia).

Healthy human volunteers were irradiated with graded doses of UVA and UVB radiation on the volar aspect of their forearms. The UVA doses ranged from 8 to 100 J/cm2, and the UVB doses from 37 to 416 mJ/cm2, corresponding to 5 to 52 mJ/cm2 of erythemally effective (300 nm) radiation (1/4-3 X MED). 7 days after irradiation, punch biopsy specimens were obtained from UVA and UVB irradiated spots. Epidermal sheets were stained for Langerhans cells (LC) using 3 different histochemical methods, viz: ATPase activity and immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibodies against T6 and Ia antigens. A slightly higher control LC count was obtained with anti-T6 staining (848 cells/mm2) than with anti-Ia or ATPase staining (728 and 721 cells/mm2 respectively). No significant change in LC count was detected with any of the staining methods after UVA doses of up to 100 J/cm2. In contrast, UVB irradiation caused a dose-dependent decrease in the LC counts. The decrease was quite similar whether measured by anti-T6 or anti-Ia staining. With ATPase staining, the decrease in LC numbers was somewhat more pronounced at low to medium UVB doses, but at the dose of 416 mJ/cm2 (52 mJ of erythemally effective UVB, corresponding to approx. 3 X MED), the residual LC count as determined with any of the 3 histochemical methods was within the range of 23-30% of the control LC count. We conclude that the activity of the membrane-bound enzyme, ATPase, is more sensitive to abrogation by moderate UVB doses than the immunological reactivity of the 2 surface antigens, T6 and Ia.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1984

Immunoelectron microscopic study of Actinomyces colony in odontogenic periapical infection.

A periapical Actinomyces colony was studied by immunoelectron microscopy with a specific antiserum against Actinomyces israelii. Positive as well as some negative micro-organisms were seen within the colony. Reacting antigens were localized in the cytoplasm and the cell wall of the bacteria, which suggests that more than one antigen is involved in the reactions with the present antiserum. The ultrastructural results confirmed the applicability of the peroxidase method with Actinomyces antiserum in paraffin sections for diagnostic purposes.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1984

Role of Ia-positive cells in the lymphocyte responses to Yersinia.

Activation of T lymphocytes by an antigen requires joint recognition of the antigen and the class-II HLA determinants on the membrane of the antigen-presenting cells (APC). Patients with reactive arthritis exhibit a depressed lymphocyte transformation response to Yersinia, suggesting a possible immunoregulatory disturbance in these patients. In this study the role of Ia (class-II HLA antigen)-positive APC in the lymphocyte response to a complex antigen, whole Yersinia bacterium, was evaluated. The results demonstrate that Ia-positive cells are necessary for the T-lymphocyte response to Yersinia. The role of APC in the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis is discussed.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1984

IgM, IgG, and IgA synthesis in vitro in persons suffering from yersinia arthritis and in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

In ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in yersinia arthritis the main findings in serum immunoglobulin (Ig) studies have been raised IgA in AS and a high anti-yersinia IgA and IgG response and the persistence of IgA class antibodies in yersinia arthritis. In order to study predisposition to high IgA response in AS and yersinia arthritis we measured the in-vitro Ig production in patients with AS and in persons who have once had yersinia arthritis, and we compared it with the Ig production in persons who have had yersiniosis but recovered without getting arthritis and with that in healthy controls. IgA secretion by peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen was the same in all 4 groups, and no signs of higher IgA production in AS patients could be found. In AS patients lymphocyte activation by whole yersinia bacteria resulted in higher total IgG production than in healthy controls. The total number of plaque-forming cells in yersinia-stimulated cultures was significantly higher in persons who have had yersiniosis without arthritis than in persons who have suffered from yersinia arthritis or in persons in other groups. AS patients had low IgM production, which reverted to normal when hydrocortisone was added to the culture. The in-vitro Ig production in general did not correlate with the presence of the HLA B27 antigen but rather with the clinical history of the subjects studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Morphologic alterations in cultured human synovial fibroblasts induced by blood mononuclear cells.

Effects of peripheral blood mononuclear cells on cultured synovial fibroblasts were studied. When mononuclear cells from normal or rheumatoid blood were incubated on synovial fibroblast cultures, a part of the cells adhered to the fibroblasts. They were mainly T lymphocytes but also some B lymphocytes and monocytes. After a 10-hour incubation, adhered mononuclear cells induced morphologic alterations to synovial fibroblasts: appearance of stellate cells and thinning and branching of fibroblasts. No changes were seen when the cells were incubated in the presence of indomethacin. Cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 rheumatoid patients was also tested against three rheumatoid and three normal synovial fibroblast strains. Only 2 out of 48 combinations were cytotoxicity. The potentially cytotoxic mononuclear cells were bound equally well to rheumatoid and control synovial fibroblast cultures.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Influence of whole-body PUVA treatments on human peripheral blood NK cell activity.

Recent animal studies have demonstrated the importance of cancer surveillance in determining susceptibility to UV-induced cancers. On the other hand, even subcarcinogenic UV doses have been shown to suppress cancer surveillance immune mechanisms in experimental animals. To find out if photochemotherapy may compromise human cancer surveillance mechanisms, natural killer (NK) cell activity was monitored during PUVA treatment for up to 38 irradiations in dermatological patients. A significant depression of basal NK activity was seen during the first 4 to 24 irradiations in psoriatic patients. Thereafter, an increase toward starting values was seen in assays performed at high effector to target (E:T) ratios, but not at low ones. The maximal (interferon-boosted) NK activity, however, remained unchanged during the therapy, due to an increased sensitivity to IFN augmentation. The results are interpreted as a redistribution in the proportions of immature and mature NK cells. Thus, no serious effects of PUVA treatment on human natural resistance against cancer could be demonstrated, but longer follow up studies are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lymphocyte transformation responses to gram negative bacteria after Yersinia and Salmonella infection: the importance of enterobacterial common antigen for the response.

Increased lymphocyte transformation (LT) responses have been observed in Yersinia infections both against the causative bacterium and against other enterobacteria. The responses of patients with reactive arthritis are lower than those of non-arthritic patients. We have now studied the LT responses against several gram negative bacteria and against a pair of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) positive and ECA negative Salmonella typhimurium strains in patients after Yersinia or Salmonella infection. The haptenic ECA alone seemed not to be responsible for the increased LT responses. We conclude that some other common antigenic determinants present on the bacteria are responsible for the LT response.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1984

Immunotherapy in allergy to dog: a double-blind clinical study.

Twenty-seven asthmatic children allergic to dog were included in the study. Their allergy to dog was confirmed by positive results from the skin prick, radioallergosorbent and provocation tests. The subjects were randomly assigned to active and placebo groups. Fifteen subjects received immunotherapy with a commercial standardized aluminum hydroxide-bound dog dander extract and 12 subjects received placebo injections containing histamine. After one year's therapy the conjunctival sensitivity to dog dander extract had decreased significantly (p less than 0.001) in the active treatment group compared to the placebo group. The hyposensitization effect was already observable after six to eight months of treatment. The decrease in bronchial sensitivity was less marked than that in conjunctival sensitivity and statistically not significant. Immunotherapy was observed to be safe and effective. No systemic adverse reactions occurred and local reactions were mild.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

IgA antigliadin antibodies: a marker of mucosal damage in childhood coeliac disease.

Antigliadin antibodies in serum samples of 31 children with coeliac disease were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent technique. In young patients (less than 2 years) tested before gluten withdrawal IgA antigliadin antibody levels were invariably above the levels of 36 controls. The titres fell rapidly when gluten was eliminated from the diet and rose on its reintroduction. The titres were not always greater than the control level in older untreated patients. IgA antigliadin antibodies seem to be a good marker of the immune reaction in the jejunum triggered by gluten. In 2 IgA-deficient patients gluten challenge caused an increase in IgM antigliadin antibodies, and at the same time the number of IgM-containing cells increased in the jejunal mucosa. Rising IgG antigliadin antibody levels after gluten elimination were seen in 6 patients, 5 of whom had very low complement C3 levels before gluten elimination.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Circulating IgA- and IgG-class antigliadin antibodies in dermatitis herpetiformis detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A sensitive and technically simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to demonstrate circulating IgA- and IgG-class antibodies to gliadin, a component of wheat gluten. Serum samples from 24 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), 5 with coeliac disease (CD) and 75 normal controls were analysed. Antigliadin antibodies (AGA) of the IgA class were detected in 71% of DH patients, all of the CD patients and 19% of the controls. IgG-AGA was found in over 90% of DH patients and controls and in all of the CD patients. The mean ELISA values of both IgA- and IgG-class AGA were significantly higher in DH patients than in the controls. The occurrence of circulating IgA-class AGA is compatible with the hypothesis that these antibodies can be deposited in the skin, e.g. as immune complexes, or due to cross-reactivity of gliadin and dermal reticulin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Actinomyces israelii in osteoradionecrosis of the jaws. Histopathologic and immunocytochemical study of five cases.

Five surgically treated patients with osteoradionecrosis of the jaws are presented. The clinical history of the disease varied from 3 to 17 years. In three cases the progression of the disease was enhanced by surgical procedures performed in the irradiated area causing exfoliation of the premaxillary area in one case and spontaneous mandibular fracture in two cases. Actinomyces israelii was demonstrated in tissue sections of all five cases by using FITC-labeled specific antiserum and additionally with peroxidase-antiperoxidase method in one case. Candida was found in histologic sections of three cases. Radiation damage in the oral soft tissues and jawbones makes the atmosphere favorable for anaerobic microorganisms. The present results indicate that the role of A. israelii in the pathogenesis of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws has not been fully appreciated.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1983

Increased immunoglobulin production in vitro in healthy HLA-B8-positive persons.

The histocompatibility antigens B8 and DR3 are associated with several autoimmune diseases, and immune hyper-responsiveness has been believed to be one factor in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In the present study we compared the in vitro immunoglobulin production of healthy HLA-B8-positive individuals with that of HLA-B8-negative individuals. In HLA-B8-positive persons a higher number of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated Ig-secreting cells was obtained. When the cells were stimulated with PWM in the presence of a physiological concentration of hydrocortisone (HC), the secretion of IgG was significantly higher in HLA-B8-positive individuals. This finding indicates that the PWM-stimulated IgG secretion in healthy HLA-B8-positive individuals is more sensitive for the enhancing action of HC.

Antibody-Producing Cells↗
PubMed1983

Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to dog dander and hair in asthmatic children.

Dog dander and hair (DDH) specific IgA and IgG antibodies from serum samples of 202 asthmatic children aged from 4 to 15 years were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were compared with clinical history, and with allergy tests (skin prick test, provocation test and RAST) using the same DDH extract. A blood sample for the in vitro lymphocyte stimulation test was obtained from 40 children, and a nasal secretion sample for analysis of the local DDH-specific IgA, IgG and IgE antibody levels was collected from 35 of them. In children of dog-keeping families, higher serum levels of DDH-specific antibodies, especially IgE antibodies, were observed if the dog had been in the home already during the first years of the child's life. The serum levels of DDH-specific antibodies, however, did not correlate with the degree of the present exposure to dogs. The serum levels of DDH-specific IgA and IgG antibodies did not correlate with each other, with the levels of specific or total IgE, or with the results of skin prick or provocation test. The serum levels of DDH-specific IgA were highest in children who were subjectively most sensitive to dogs. Nasal levels of DDH-specific IgE correlated positively with serum specific IgE levels. The correlation was weaker between nasal and serum titers of specific IgG, and not significant between nasal and serum IgA antibody levels. Specific IgE antibody levels were higher, while specific IgA and IgG antibody levels were lower, in nasal secretion from subjects with nasal symptoms on contact with dogs, when compared with subjects with other complaints (asthma, conjunctival or skin reactions). DDH-specific IgG levels correlated negatively with specific IgE level in the nasal secretion from subjects with a positive provocation test result, while the correlation was positive in subjects with a negative provocation test. The in vitro lymphocyte responses to DDH did not correlate with the results of allergy tests, or with the levels of DDH-specific antibodies in serum or in nasal secretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Development of asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis by the age of five years. A prospective study of 543 newborns.

543 children were followed up from birth to 5 years of age. Children with a positive history of parents' atopy had a 51% occurrence of respiratory or dermal symptoms of atopy vs. a 19% occurrence among children with no family history of atopy. There was an association between asthma and allergic rhinitis while atopic dermatitis occurred equally in children with or without respiratory symptoms. The clinical course of atopic symptoms could not be correlated to the family history of atopy. The significance of date of birth, nasal eosinophilia and serum IgE levels seemed to be relatively low in atopic dermatitis while these parameters had a correlation to the development of respiratory atopies.

Aging↗