PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M W Roberts

Publications and source records attributed to M W Roberts.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Primary posterior crossbite: diagnosis and treatment.

The incidence of posterior crossbite in the primary dentition has been reported as 7-17%. The crossbite usually results from bilateral maxillary constriction and is commonly associated with an occlusion guided lateral deviation of the mandible upon closing. Correction of the functional posterior crossbite in the primary dentition is indicated to establish a stable occlusion and avoid possible deleterious effects on the developing temporomandibular joint. Treatment in the primary dentition results in the eruption of the first permanent molars in normal transverse relationship in 84% of the cases. The diagnosis and management of two cases is presented.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Oral manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection.

It is important that both physicians and dentists recognize the earliest signs of HIV infection in order that a timely diagnosis and patient referral can be made for counseling and treatment. Candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and Kaposi's sarcoma are the most common oral manifestations, but there are other important lesions as well. They include severe necrotizing periodontitis, bacterial and viral infections, lymphomas, and carcinomas. The various oral lesions seen in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reviewed and managements are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

The effect of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S1 on the translational specificity of bacterial ribosomes.

Ribosomes from Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli exhibit non-specific translation of bacterial mRNAs. That is, they are able to translate mRNAs from a variety of sources in a manner independent of the "strength" of the Shine-Dalgarno region, in contrast to ribosomes from many Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis, which show specific translation in only being able to translate other Gram-positive mRNA, or mRNAs that have "strong" Shine-Dalgarno regions. There is an evolutionary correlation between the translational specificity and the absence of a protein analogous to E. coli ribosomal protein S1. The specificity observed with B. subtilis ribosomes is a function of their 30 S subunit which lacks S1; translation of Gram-negative mRNA can occur with heterologous ribosomes containing the 30 S subunit of E. coli ribosomes and the 50 S subunit of B. subtilis ribosomes. However, the addition of E. coli S1 alone to B. subtilis ribosome does not overcome their characteristic inability to translate mRNA from Gram-negative organisms. By contrast, the removal of S1 from E. coli ribosomes results in translational behavior similar to that shown by B. subtilis ribosomes in that the S1-depleted E. coli ribosomes can translate mRNA from Gram-positive sources in the absence of added S1, although addition of S1 stimulates further translation of such mRNAs by the E. coli ribosomes.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

Dysphagia in bulimia nervosa.

The findings on 13 patients with bulimia nervosa referred for evaluation of salivary glands and swallowing patterns are presented. Each patient completed a medical, oral, and social history questionnaire. A complete oral examination supported by appropriate dental radiographs and photographs was conducted. Unstimulated and stimulated parotid and submandibular saliva was collected. The presence or absence of pharyngeal and velar gag reflexes was ascertained. Real-time ultrasound scanning and barium swallow studies were used to evaluate the oral-motor functions while swallowing on 6 of the subjects. Activity of the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus was recorded during the videofluorographic studies. Saliva concentrations of amylase were determined in the referred subjects as well as 13 age-matched healthy controls. No significant difference was detected between the salivary gland flow rates and amylase concentrations of the two groups, whether stimulated or unstimulated. The pharyngeal gag reflex was absent in 9 of the 13 bulimic patients and a velar gag reflex could be elicited in only 1. All of the normal controls had both gag reflexes. All of the patients with bulimia were found to have abnormal oropharyngeal swallow patterns and an increased duration of dry swallow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fluoride concentrations in whole saliva following use of fluoride tablets and a rinse.

This clinical investigation is comprised of two studies. The first monitored the oral clearance of fluoride following the use of an oral rinse and two types of tablets: one that was chewed, swished, and swallowed, and another that was allowed to dissolve undisturbed at a specific site in the oral vestibule. Fluoride from the rinse and tablets exhibited similar rapid clearance patterns with a mean concentration of 1.2 ppm or less within 1 hr and returned to baseline concentrations within 24 hr. Data from the second study indicated fluoride was distributed unevenly to various areas of the mouth from the slowly dissolving undisturbed tablet. Information concerning oral clearance of fluoride may be used to rationalize various treatment regimens.

Fluorides↗
PubMed1989

Dental aspects of anorexia and bulimia nervosa.

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are both psychosocial pathological eating disorders. An intense preoccupation with food, weight and a distorted body image coupled with a morbid fear of becoming obese are common elements in both syndromes. Self-starvation with extreme weight loss is associated with anorexia nervosa. Bulimia nervosa is characterized by unrestrained eating sprees followed by purging, fasting or vomiting. Approximately 50% of anorexia nervosa patients also practice bulimia. The impact of eating disorders on the oral soft and hard tissues depends upon the diet as well as the duration and frequency of binge-purge behavior. Erosion of the teeth due to frequent regurgitation of highly acidic stomach contents is a common finding. Dental caries development is less predictable and appears to be diet- and oral hygiene-dependent. Painless enlargement of the parotid salivary glands is a common sequela of chronic vomiting but the pathophysiological cause has not been firmly established. The dehydration of the oral soft tissues due to salivary gland impairment in addition to dietary deficiencies and poor oral hygiene can adversely impact the health of the periodontal tissues and oral mucosa. Initial dental care is focused on discouraging behavior that is destructive to the oral tissues. Improved oral hygiene, the use of gastric acid-neutralizing antacid rinses and the daily application of topical fluorides can be useful in reducing enamel erosion. Extensive restorative oral rehabilitation should be postponed until the underlying psychiatric components of the disorder are stabilized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Oral manifestations of AIDS: a study of 84 patients.

Early diagnosis of AIDS is vital in providing appropriate referral for medical care and counseling. Subtle intraoral signs and symptoms identified by the dental practitioner can aid in the diagnosis of the disease. Because the role of the practitioner in detection and treatment of AIDS patients is becoming greater, signs found in 84 patients are described.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Oral effects of steroid therapy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus: report of case.

Steroids are used extensively in modern medicine and dentistry for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. However, this class of drugs can lead to adverse effects on other organs. In this case, developmental and functional disturbances of the primary and permanent dentition are seen. The patient's dental development and pharmacological history suggest prednisone as the offending agent.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Oral findings in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a study of 47 cases.

These two clinically oriented articles deal with problems dentists are seeing more frequently. One hospital dental service sees an average of four to five patients weekly with eating disorders. The first article is a research study discussing problems found in 47 study participants with the eating disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The second article describes a helpful technique for oral rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Preventive dental care: the role of the pediatrician.

The pediatrician can assist the dental profession in preventing dental disease and maintaining the oral health of children. Pediatricians are urged to counsel parents in dietary and oral hygiene practices that will prevent dental caries and to refer patients for professional dental care when appropriate. Systemic fluoride supplements should be prescribed when needed but only after a careful review of requirements and daily consumption.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Praising child compliance: reinforcement or ritual?

Praising child compliance is a common therapeutic recommendation to parents with noncompliant children. There are currently no studies documenting the independent contribution of the praise component to successful parent training programs. Three projects were designed to evaluate the hypotheses underlying the use of contingent praise routines. Namely, it has been suggested that conduct-disordered children are relatively unresponsive to adult approval at pretreatment, yet become responsive by posttreatment. In contrast to the hypotheses, data indicated that child compliance levels were not associated with child responsivity to maternal social reinforces; noncompliant children were responsive to maternal praise both before and after treatment; child responsivity to maternal praise did not covary with successful treatment; previously noncompliant but successfully treated children continued to comply to maternal instructions after contingent praise was withdrawn; a nonclinic child demonstrated extensive compliance persistence in the absence of contingent praise. Praising child compliance appeared to be more of a polite ritual than an active therapeutic component for altering noncompliance.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Dental development in precocious puberty.

One hundred and one children with precocious puberty were given an oral examination. Dental root development was assessed using panoramic radiographs. All mandibular canines, pre-molars, and molars which could be visualized without apparent distortion were included. The patients were grouped for analysis according to the etiology of their precocity, e.g., McCune-Albright syndrome, familial male, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, central nervous system lesions, and idiopathic precocious puberty. Dental development was significantly retarded relative to their chronological age in patients with idiopathic precocious puberty. However, no significant abnormal dental development was detected in any of the other groups. Individual oral-facial growth and development remain the primary considerations for timing orthodontic treatment.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗