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Biomedical subjects

M W Talbott

Publications and source records attributed to M W Talbott.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

The FDA report on intraocular lenses.

Clinical studies of intraocular lenses (IOLs) as investigational devices have been regulated in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 9 February 1978. As of August 1982, data have been collected on more than one million IOLs implanted. During the last 12 months of the study, 409 000 IOLs were implanted. Visual acuity of 20/40 or better at one year after surgery was present in 85% of over 45 000 cases reviewed. Increasing patient age, surgical problems, postoperative complications, and adverse reactions were factors that reduced the visual acuity. The current trend in the USA is for implantation of posterior chamber and anterior chamber IOLs.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1983

The FDA report on intraocular lenses.

Clinical studies of intraocular lenses (IOLs) as investigational devices have been regulated in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since February 9, 1978. As of August 1982, data have been collected on more than one million IOLs implanted. During the last 12 months of the study, 409,000 IOLs were implanted. Visual acuity of 20/40 or better at one year after surgery was present in 85% of over 45,000 cases reviewed. Increasing patient age, surgical problems, postoperative complications, and adverse reactions were factors that reduced the visual acuity. The current trend in the USA is for implantation of the posterior chamber and anterior chamber IOLs.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Increase in serum IgE levels of ovalbumin-sensitized cats and the detection of elastase and collagenase activities in secretions of sensitized feline alveolar macrophages challenged in vitro.

The feline model of respiratory hypersensitivity induced by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin has been studied. IgE serum antibodies were present for 3-10 weeks following sensitization, with maximum titers occurring between 50 and 70 days. Similarly, peak passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions occurred between 50 and 70 days. Alveolar macrophages, obtained by tracheal lavage at 65 days after sensitization, produced elastase like and collagenase-like secretions 48 h after challenge with ovalbumin in culture. Macrophages from nonsensitized cats did not produce these secretions. It is hypothesized that reaginic antibodies and sensitized alveolar macrophages, such as those found in the cat model, may be responsible in part for the destruction of lung tissue found in long-term respiratory diseases, similar to fibrosing alveolitis and pulmonary emphysema in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Increase in the severity of allergic-type bronchospasm in sensitized and challenged cats treated with cortisone.

The feline model of immediate hypersensitivity to intraperitoneal ovalbumin sensitization, followed 65 days later by intravenous challenge, was used in this study to determine the effect of cortisone acetate administration on the severity of allergic bronchospasm. Cortisone acetate given intramuscularly prior to, during and immediately after sensitization increased the severity of the allergic response. Comparison of the respiratory, blood pressure and heart rate responses in cortisone-treated animals with nontreated controls indicated a significantly increased challenge reaction among the treated group. Of 7 cats receiving cortisone treatment, 5 died during the 30-min challenge monitoring period. None of the nontreated control group died. It is hypothesized that cortisone treatment impaired the activity of the cortisone-sensitive thymus-derived (T) cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Allergic bronchoconstriction and its drug-induced reversal in anesthetized, ovalbumin-sensitized cats.

Cats, once thought to possess little immunological responsiveness, have recently been shown to manifest a wide range of immunologic reactions. Sensitization of cats with ovalbumin rendered the animals capable, after a latency period of 40 to 60 days, of anaphylactic shock upon intravenous challenge. Physiologically the response is characterized by bronchoconstriction as evidenced by an increase in airways resistance. This response was ameliorated by intravenous administration of either aminophylline or isoproterenol. Other reactions elicited upon challenge were dyspnea, cyanosis, and in some instances death. The parameters of the allergic response corresponded with those reported in previous studies of other experimental models of allergic bronchoconstriction.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1975

A new method for evaluating antitussives in cats using an electrode-cannula.

An emplaced laryngo-tracheal electrode-cannula was employed to induce and to measure cough in cats anesthetized with either sodium pentobarbital or Dial--urethane. Carbetapentane citrate, codeine sulfate and dextromethorphan hydrobromide were tested for antitussive action by this method. Relative antitussive potency obtained in order of decreasing effectiveness was dextromethorphan hydrobromide, codeine sulfate and carbetapentane citrate.

Animals↗