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Biomedical subjects

M Wirsching

Publications and source records attributed to M Wirsching.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Current developments in the area of consultation/liaison psychiatry. Information, definition of the concept, perspectives].

Recent developments in cooperation of clinical and psychosomatic medicine are reviewed for the Federal Republique of Germany and the European neighbour countries. Central are: Development of concepts and modes of cooperation. The starting point are consultations, the goal is to "liaison" with most clinical areas. Research is focussed on: Dynamics of the process of cooperation, efficacy and efficiency as well as interactions of clinical course and coping. International comparison sheds more light on the relationship of psychiatry and psychosomatics/psychotherapy. The further development will try to stabilise existing cooperations as well as experiences from university medicine to every day clinical practise. The newly founded European Consultation Workgroup prepared a European collaborative study as well as a first European conference on consultation liaison.

Forecasting↗
PubMed1985

Prebioptic psychological characteristics of breast cancer patients.

63 women were examined the day before breast biopsy using psychological ratings, speech analysis and questionnaire testings. Ratings revealed differences (benign vs. malignant, a = 5%) in 8 of 10 scales, cancer patients being inaccessible, altruistic, suppressing feelings, rationalizing and harmonizing. The biopsy's result was predicted in 75% of all cases. Questionnaire testing showed differences in 7 of 16 scales. It proved cancer patients to be more dependent, anxious, aggressive, health-conscious, family-bound and antisexual. A discriminant analysis correctly identified 77% of cancer and 87% of benign patients. Speech analysis (Gottschalk-Gleser) revealed only minor differences: fewer aggressive and more anxious utterances from cancer patients. Conclusions are drawn for the care and treatment of breast cancer patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

[Family therapy aspects of ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease].

Comparing 55 families of adolescents suffering from either colitis/ileitis or asthma/neurodermatitis the following aspects have proven characteristic for the interactional processes of the gastroenterologically sick group: Strong family cohesion (binding). Fusion within the family, isolation from the environment. Low development potential (rigidity). The treatment of the whole family thus follows a strategic approach characterized by hypothesizing circularity, neutrality and systems changing interventions.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Psychological identification of breast cancer patients before biopsy.

Fifty-six women admitted consecutively for a breast biopsy were interviewed on the day prior to the operation. Interviewer ratings and blind ratings (audiotapes) allowed a [statistically significant (alpha = 5%)] differentiation of women in whom the biopsy revealed a cancer from those whose tumor was benign. The ratings took into account characteristics assumed to be typical of the women with cancer: (1) being inaccessible or overwhelmed when interviewed; (2) emotional suppression with sudden outbursts; (3) rationalization; (4) little or no anxiety before the operation; (5) demonstration of optimism; (6) superautonomous self-sufficiency; (7) altruistic behaviour; (8) harmonization and avoidance of conflicts. On the basis of the interviews the interviewer and a blind rater predicted the correct diagnosis in 83% and 94% of all cancer patients and in 71% and 68% of all benign cases. This result is also significant (alpha = 5%). The identified psychological syndrome was found in all breast cancer patients but also in a quarter to a third of the patients with benign nodes. We interpret it as a long-standing defensive pattern adopted in the face of extreme emotional stress. A possible etiological significance for the cancerous disease cannot be derived from this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Coping with a stoma - a comparative study of patients with rectal carcinoma of inflammatory bowel diseases.

409 patients who had either an implantation of a stoma or a bowel resection for either colorectal carcinoma of colitis/ileitis answered a 200-item questionnaire. A discriminant analysis revealed a higher degree of pre- and postoperative depression and a decrease of social activities for stoma patients who also more often lived in rural areas in comparison with patients with the same diagnosis who only had a resection. A comparison of operated cancer patients with patients operated for ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease showed less depression before and after surgery in cancer patients. Cancer patients also frequently ceased sexual activities after the operation, and they came from much more remote rural areas than the comparison group, irrespective of the type of operation performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Family dynamics and family psychotherapy of psychosomatic.

Family therapy of psychosomatic disorders is oftern difficult and comparable to the therapy of psychotic patients. Nonetheless, the results published today by authors such as Minuchin and Selvini and our own experiences are promising indeed. We have found that what seemed to be a deep-rooted psychic structure changed rapidly and enduringly if the relationship field changed. Amelioration of symptoms is in many cases easily attained if they are understood in their function within a relational system. Also, we regard the system or family approach as a chance for medical practice. The general practioner who usually deals with family systems has, in our view, an ideal position to bring about change if he uses his authority and trust properly. He has to obtain a positive, not pathology-oriented view and should use family and social resources in spite of engaging in an often fruitless and endless contact with the designated patient, which only serves to maintain and even to increase the homeostatic lock of the family system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Biodegradation of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. IV. The extent of degradation of single doses in vivo.

1. Urine and stools were collected daily of 4 adult rats kept in single cages and injected once i.p. with alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH; dose per animal 126-150 mumoles), labelled uniformly with 14-C (10.8-14.0 X 10(6) dpm per animal). 2. In 4 weeks, 65% of the label was excreted through the kidneys and 16% by way of the intestine, with an estimated 8% being retained in depot fat. 3. GLC-analysis of the pooled urine showed it to contain very little unchanged drug, on average 0.05% of the dose. The time-course of the renal excretion of 14-C-labelled substance corresponded rather closely to the excretion of organically bound 36-Cl seen in earlier experiments with 36-Cl-labelled drug, indicating that the majority of urinary metabolites, presumably, still bear chlorine. 4. All or nearly all of the faecal 14-C was found by GLC to be accounted for by the stool's content of unchanged alpha-HCH. 5. Taken together, the results indicate a mean extent of alpha-HCH-degradation in the rat in the order of 80-85% of a dose. 6. Two rats were given 400 mg/kg of "cold" alpha-HCH by mouth 4 days before i.p. application of 14-C-labelled drug and were found to excrete more label through the kidneys in the first week than did the non-pretreated rats. This indicates that the drug stimulates its own degradation.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1975

Biodegradation of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. V. Characterization of the major urinary metabolites.

1. Free 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) have been identified by co-crystallization with authentic carrier as constituents of the urine of rats given 3-H-labelled alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH). The two TCP's constituted 7% and 63%, respectively, of the free phenol fraction which was found to account for less than 5% of all urinary metabolites. 2. 75% of the label contained in the urine of rats collected for four weeks after an i.p. dose of 14-C-alpha-HCH could be extracted into an organic solvent after alkaline and acid hydrolysis. The radioactive material thus extracted was examined by TLC and GLC. It is shown to consist mainly of chlorophenols and chlorothiophenols. 3. The extracts' major constituent was 2,4,6-TCP. Its amount was determined by GLC and was found to account for, on average, 45% of the total urinary metabolites. In conjunction with other evidence, this is considered to establish 2,4,6-TCP as the major product of alpha-HCH-biodegradation in the rat. 4. Chromatographic evidence is presented for 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol and 2,4,5-TCP being other components of the chlorophenol fraction isolated from hydrolysed urine. 5. The amount of label associated with the chlorothiophenol fraction suggests a pathway involving endogenous thiol to be of significance in alpha-HCH-biodegradation in rats. Pretreatment with the drug itself increased the proportion of label associated with the fraction.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Results of psychosocial adjustment to long-term colostomy.

114 patients with permanent colostomy for carcinoma of the rectum were compared by questionnaire and interview with 110 cancer patients, having undergone colonic resection but not bearing a colostomy. The patients' own assessment of their health was for the colostomy group even better than for the controls. The emotional state before and after surgery showed significant degrees of hopelessness, depressions and fear especially for young women awaiting colostomy. Social contacts were considered as far as visits of friends or cinema, theatre are concerned. Sexual activity decreased significantly for 75% of colostomized men. In 40% organic lesions led to impotence. The Giessen test revealed significant rates of social impotence, negative social resonance and depression for men with colostoma.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Family therapy approach by the pediatric oncology treatment team].

1. A Family perspective is a valid contribution to the predominantly biologically orientation in oncology. 2. The formation of a multidisciplinary treatment team appears realistical. This should be composed of the respective professional groups. 3. Family therapy in a stricter sense is indicated only in a limited number of cases, whereas a family centered viewpoint appears almost unavoidable. 4. Accompanying evaluations and research will be one of the most important features of the forthcoming work. 5. Looking back on the past decade far-reaching developments become obvious. Psychosocial aspects have become an essential part of the whole pediatric oncological treatment system.

Child↗