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Biomedical subjects

M Yamashina

Publications and source records attributed to M Yamashina.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Immunohistochemical demonstration of complement components in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded renal tissues.

Although there are many articles describing the detection of complement components in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded renal tissues, it is still difficult to obtain reproducible results. The authors determined the optimal conditions for detecting complement components in routine paraffin sections by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and concluded that proteolytic digestion of the deparaffinized sections was crucial to detect complement and to preserve tissue structures. The optimal proteolytic digestion was a 15-minute incubation at 37 degrees C in trypsin solution, 0.5 mg/ml, pH 7.6. Under these conditions, all of the complement components so far studied (C1q, C1s, C4, C3c, C3b, C5, C6, C9, and properdin) were detected without significant destruction of tissue structures in 52 renal biopsy specimens from patients with various forms of glomerulonephritis. Immunohistochemistry using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method was equivalent to indirect immunofluorescence and superior to direct immunofluorescence in utility and was useful in the diagnosis of glomerular diseases.

Complement System Proteins↗
PubMed1988

Congenital neuroblastoma presenting as a paratesticular tumor.

A 1-month-old male newborn was operated upon for a scrotal tumor that was localized outside of the testis. Histological diagnosis was neuroblastoma. Although neuroblastoma often may present as metastatic disease when first seen, this case is unique in that an undetected adrenal neuroblastoma presented as a paratesticular tumor immediately after birth.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Primary adenocarcinoma of the small intestine with emphasis on microvillous differentiation.

A detailed ultrastructural study was made of 12 primary adenocarcinomas of the small intestine. A comparative analysis of microvilli identified three characteristic features in various proportions on the apical tumor cell surface. These were; 1) "long rootlets," which are long intravillous filamentous cores penetrating into the cytoplasm and identical to those observed in colonic adenocarcinoma; 2) a regular arrangement of uniform microvilli similar to the brush border of normal intestinal epithelium; and 3) sparse rudimentary microvillous structures. Because of the rarity of adenocarcinoma in the small intestine no previous study defined these ultrastructural characteristics. The results of the present study suggest that the diverse ultrastructural findings may be related to different stages of tumor cell maturation and that the neoplastic state may increase the variation and range of microvillous differentiation regardless of capacity of mucin secretion by the tumor cells. For diagnostic purposes, brush borders as well as two other microvillous features may serve to identify adenocarcinoma of mucosal origin of the small intestine, if an ultrastructural study discloses these three features.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural diagnosis of melanoma from an endoscopic biopsy.

A 56-year-old male with abdominal symptoms and hypoalbuminemia was found to have multiple polypoid lesions on an upper gastrointestinal series, suggesting intestinal involvement by lymphoma. An endoscopic biopsy was interpreted by light microscopy as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Study of the endoscopic biopsy by electron microscopy revealed epithelial features including intracytoplasmic acini, but the presence of premelanosomes in the tumor cells established the diagnosis of malignant melanoma.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1987

Primary leiomyosarcoma in the breast.

The case is presented of a 62-year-old woman having a well-circumscribed, painless breast lump which led to the discovery of pure mammary leiomyosarcoma. There are only a few documented cases of primary leiomyosarcoma in the breast, and a brief review of the literature on the diagnostic findings and histogenesis of a smooth muscle malignant neoplasm in this site is, therefore, provided. As far as the histogenesis is concerned, ultrastructural features of the present case suggest a tumor of pluripotent mesenchymal cell nature rather than of vascular smooth muscle cell origin.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Pulmonary reaction to an aspirated balanced liquid diet in a cancer patient.

A 60-year-old man with pharyngeal carcinoma developed spontaneous pneumothorax. A biopsied lung tissue revealed an extensive granulomatous reaction to some yellow material. Because of the patient's frequent aspirations of the liquid diet which was mixed with an artificial lemon flavor, it is considered that the aspirated material provoked the pulmonary reaction and possibly the pneumothorax. An energy dispersive X-ray analysis of the biopsied lung tissue aided in excluding the possibility of the pulmonary reaction and the yellow material being of ubiquitous pneumoconiotic origin.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1986

A variant of early gastric carcinoma. Histologic and histochemical studies of early signet ring cell carcinomas discovered beneath preserved surface epithelium.

Gastric carcinomas hidden beneath flat and intact mucosal surface epithelium are rarely discovered. Such a tumor in the early stage is at best diagnosed as an incidental finding, so that the diagnosis is probably always a surprise to the clinician. Six such cases of early gastric carcinoma were presented. Four were intramucosal lesions and the remaining two were invasive with submucosal extension. All the tumors are composed purely of signet-ring cells (diffuse-type by Lauren's classification). Histologic examination of the six cases revealed that certain features, which are not characteristically observed in ordinary signet-ring cell carcinomas, were commonly recognized. These included compact nests of uniform signet-ring cells sharing a common cytoplasmic wall, lack of desmoplastic stromal response, and intracytoplasmic mucin predominantly composed of neutral mucopolysaccharide. These six tumors are considered to be an incipient stage of signet-ring cell carcinoma. The findings also suggest a close histogenetic relationship between these tumors and the mucous neck cells in the basal region of gastric glands. The grossly unremarkable mucosal surface and histologically innocuous appearance associated with this form of tumor are emphasized for diagnosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1986

Primary squamous cell carcinoma with its spindle cell variant in the endometrium. A case report and review of literature.

A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium in a 72-year-old woman is presented. A review of the previous 28 cases of endometrial squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) that are adequately substantiated in the literature revealed several misconceptions about this rare tumor: the association with pyometra is not as frequent; the lesion does occur in premenopausal women; squamous metaplasia of the endometrium is not always coexistent; and malignant transformation of squamous metaplasia to ESCC has never been convincingly demonstrated. In the current case, a focal sarcomatoid spindle-cell tumor was associated with typical ESCC; however, light and electron microscopic examinations provided convincing evidence that the tumor was composed solely of ESCC. Ultrastructure of the spindle-cell tumor revealed it to be essentially identical to that of a spindle-cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma reported previously.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Focal adrenocortical cytomegaly observed in two adult cases.

Two adult cases of incidental adrenal focal cytomegaly are presented. Neither of the patients involved had congenital malformations or symptoms attributable to adrenocortical dysfunction. In both, the histologic pattern was a cluster of giant cells resembling adrenal cytomegaly of the fetus or neonate. Similar to that in pediatric adrenal cytomegaly, the ultrastructure of these cells in adults suggests both cellular hyperactivity and exhaustion.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1985

Peri-articular reactions to microscopic erosion of silicone-polymer implants. Light- and scanning electron-microscopic studies with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis.

Two patients are described who underwent implantation of silicone-polymer prostheses: one for an arthroplasty of the left great toe after a bunionectomy, and another for replacement of fractured trapezoid bone of the left wrist. Each patient developed unexplained severe pain at the sites of surgery at 3 and 7 months postoperatively. On removal of the implants and adjacent tissues, there was a microscopic foreign-body reaction to amorphous material in the subsynovial connective tissue. Although both prostheses were grossly intact, scanning electron microscopy revealed multiple erosions on their surfaces. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of foreign material in the paraffin-embedded sections revealed a peak for silicon. These two cases indicate that clinically significant pathological reaction may occur as early as 3 months after silicone-polymer implantation and that energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of excised tissue is a useful and specific diagnostic procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

An 18-year history of a corticotropin-secreting spindle cell carcinoid in the lung.

A unique case is reported demonstrating latency and slow growth of a spindle-cell carcinoid in the lung. Seventeen years after bilateral adrenalectomy, performed for Cushing's syndrome, a patient presented with a newly developed lung tumor. The tumor demonstrated spindle cell histology, neurosecretory granules typical for carcinoid, and a positive immunoreactivity for corticotropin. After the removal of the lung tumor, the high serum corticotropin level returned to normal.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

Granular cell tumor: unusual cause for mucocele of gallbladder.

A small granular cell tumor of the cystic bile duct is presented. A review of the literature revealed that all previously reported granular cell tumors in the biliary ducts affected women. Among them, 13 cystic bile duct tumors were exclusively small and slow-growing benign lesions. All had been operated on for gallstone disease, but in 10 cases no stone was actually found. Although such a small tumor might be easily overlooked grossly, histological diagnosis is relatively easy if differentiated from a reactive smooth muscle granular lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A family study of an extremely rare Rh-Hr variant (-D-/-D-) in two generations.

A rare variant (-D-/-D-) in two generations due to consanguineous marriage was reported. The propositus (T.M., 27 years of age) delivered her second baby who suffered from severe jaundice. She had agglutinin of titer 1:64 in saline and 1:1,024 in Coomb's test against red cells of her husband (CDe/cDE). Family study revealed that T.M.'s father and his two siblings were grouped as -D-/-D-. Each of the siblings (both females, 53 and 46 years of age) had three children who were delivered normally without hemolytic disease. No agglutinin concerning the Rh-Hr system was detected in the sera of the siblings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceptions of schizophrenic patients and their therapists: application of the semantic differential technique to evaluate the treatment relationship.

This study is an attempt to evaluate the treatment relationship with schizophrenic patients by examining the patients' and their therapists' perceptions of themselves and each other, which are hypothesized to reflect features of the relationship. One hundred fifty-eight schizophrenic patients and 11 psychiatrists who maintained a supportive relationship with the patients as a therapist estimated their perceptions using the semantic differential (SD) technique with 17 adjective pairs. Eight composite scales with sufficient internal consistency were constructed from the estimations. The interrelationship among the perceptual elements, which was represented by correlation analysis of the composite scale scores, seemed consistent with our clinical experience. A factor-analytic study of the scales yielded 3 orthogonal factors that could be assumed to characterize the treatment relationship. The patient-therapist cooperation factor indicated the degree of trust between the two participants, supposedly the affective or relational aspect of the therapeutic alliance. The therapist passivity factor reflects the therapist's passive role-taking and the clinical stability of the patient. The patient strength factor was related to the condition-related and characterological strength of the patient. It is demonstrated that the estimations performed by patients and therapists are valid and useful for evaluation of the treatment relationship in the current status.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Awareness of being a patient and its relevance to insight into illness in patients with schizophrenia.

This article presents the development of the Awareness of Being a Patient Scale (ABPS), a 25-item self-report scale to measure the awareness of schizophrenic patients. Awareness is defined in terms of a patient's psychological attitude toward the psychiatric situation, and is to be evaluated from the standpoint of Parsons' sick-role concept by assessing the recognition of the need for treatment and acceptance of the treatment situation. It is hypothesized that awareness is a factor in the motivation to receive treatment. Closely related to the awareness is the insight into illness, a clinical construct comprising a patient's understanding of psychotic illness and symptoms. There also seems to be an overlap between them. However, the difference is that awareness principally pertains to a patient's perspective, not addressing the precise understanding of illness and symptoms, while the frame of reference in assessing insight is from the viewpoint of psychiatry. In examining properties of the ABPS, it is demonstrated that the ABPS has satisfactory reliability, favorable concurrent validity, and significant value in discriminating between long-term stable outpatients and recently admitted and long-term hospitalized patients. This study indicates that the awareness of being a patient has clinical importance and the ABPS is an efficient means of measuring such awareness.

Adolescent↗