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Biomedical subjects

M Yano

Publications and source records attributed to M Yano.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Useful ICP monitoring with subarachnoid catheter method in severe head injuries.

ICP in 233 patients with severe head injuries was monitored utilizing a subarachnoid catheter technique. The relationships between initial ICP and GCS, between initial ICP and GOS, between maximal ICP and GCS, and between maximal ICP and GOS were examined statistically. The correlation was significant in each case, but particularly so between maximal ICP and GOS. Thus morbidity and mortality may be dependent upon maximal ICP. Catheterization of the subarachnoid space presents little difficulty using a Tuohy needle for epidural anesthesia as an introducer. Though the catheter is very fine (1.0 mm in outer diameter), failure of waveform occurred in only 2.1% of all patients. The procedure can be easily performed at the bedside, is safe, inexpensive, and useful for the management of severe head injuries. Meningitis was recognized in 4.7% of all patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Molecular cloning of the penicillin G acylase gene from Arthrobacter viscosus.

Penicillin G acylase was purified from the cultured filtrate of Arthrobacter viscosus 8895GU and was found to consist of two distinct subunits with apparent molecular weights of 24,000 (alpha) and 60,000 (beta). The partial N-terminal amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta subunits were determined with a protein gas phase sequencer, and a 29-base oligonucleotide corresponding to the partial amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit was synthesized. An Escherichia coli transformant having the penicillin G acylase gene was isolated from an A. viscosus gene library by hybridization with the 29-base probe. The resulting positive clone was further screened by the Serratia marcescens overlay technique. E. coli carrying a plasmid designated pHYM-1 was found to produce penicillin G acylase in the cells. This plasmid had an 8.0-kilobase pair DNA fragment inserted in the EcoRI site of pACYC184.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1988

[Modified surgery and combination with radiotherapy in tumors].

Radiotherapy is more commonly employed in Western countries than in Japan. This therapy is highly effective according to a site and kind of cancer, and is superior to surgical treatment, not in a few, as for functional conservation, safety and radicalness. Reduced operation for the treatment of cancer occurring in the head or neck, ophthalmological tumor and skin cancer is herein discussed from a standpoint of the combination mainly with radiotherapy.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[Continuous measurement of energy expenditure in ventilated patients suffering from severe head injury].

In 9 severe head injuries whose respiration was controlled by a ventilator, continuous measurements of energy expenditure (MEE) were carried out by the ERICA Metabolic Computer. Age was ranged 19 to 69 years old (Mean 48.3 years). Glasgow Coma Scale score was 3 to 11 which were assessed the best score during 6 hours of admission. The MEE was carried out within 7 days of admission and was continued to measure more than 3 days. It measured O2 consumption and CO2 output, and calculated the indirect energy expenditure. The data were displayed and recorded every 1, 15, 60 min. The value of MEE was compared with predicted energy expenditure (PEE) which was calculated by the Harris-Benedict formula. Out of 9 patients, 6 patients were survived. High dose barbiturate therapy was performed in 7 patients to control and decrease the intracranial hypertension. Of them 3 patients died. The value of MEE in all 9 patients was variable from 77% to 212% of PEE. The value of MEE in 6 survived patients was 98.0 to 212.0% of PEE. Out of 6 patients, 4 patients who were administered high dose barbiturate showed variable data of MEE. Two patients showed about 100% of the PEE, one showed about 150%, and another one about 200%. Remaining 2 survivors who were not administered barbiturate showed about 125% of PEE, which was low value. These results were divided into two groups. In 2 patients, the value of MEE was 150% or more in spite of barbiturate therapy. In remaining 7 patients, the value of MEE was 125% or less of PEE.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage in acute severe head injury].

Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (TSAH) is a frequent occurrence resulting from acute severe head injury. Computerized tomography (CT) accurately identifies the region, extent and nature of TSAH following trauma. But, to our knowledge, there have been few series detailing the characteristics of TSAH in acute severe head injury. The purpose of this study is to describe the findings, nature and prognosis of TSAH. Over a six and a half year period between April 1977 and September 1983, 414 severely head injured patients were examined by CT within 24 hours of the injury in the Department of Neurological Surgery and Critical Care Medicine, Nippon Medical School. Among them, 97 (23.4%) patients showed the appearance of TSAH in the Sylvian fissures, tentorium cerebelli, cortical sulci, basal cisterns and interhemispheric fissures. Conscious state on admission was defined using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and clinical outcome was defined using Glasgow Outcome Scale. There were 77 men and 20 women, ranging from 4 months to 83 years in age (means 44.3 years). TSAH therefore appears to be seen in all age groups, but especially in middle age groups. The GCS on admission was 8 or less in all cases; the GCS was 8 in 10 cases, 7 in 7 cases, 6 in 15 cases, 5 in 16 cases, 4 in 23 cases, 3 in 26 cases. The lower GCS scores, the more frequently TSAH was identified, and 67% of the patients had a GCS of 6 or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Instantaneous view of actomyosin structure in shortening muscle.

In the previous study), utilizing the rapid-freeze technique for electron microscopy, a new type of actomyosin assembly was reported to occur during isometric contraction. In this study, we have developed a new freezing apparatus which permits rapid freezing of the "isotonically-shortening" muscle at high shortening velocity, allowing simultaneous measurement of its tension and length. Using glycerinated rabbit skeletal muscle rapidly frozen with this system, we have compared the freeze-substituted images of the actomyosin assembly in the shortening muscle at various tension levels with those in isometrically-contracting muscle. The optical diffraction patterns obtained from whole A bands and from single actin filaments decorated with crossbridges have revealed that the unique actomyosin assembly formed in isometrically-contracting muscle is maintained even during high-velocity shortening under near-zero load.

Actomyosin↗
PubMed1987

Left ventricular wall motion at rest in patients with organic coronary artery disease vs coronary spasm.

Left ventricular ejection fractions and regional ejection changes obtained from left ventriculograms at rest were analyzed in 15 normal subjects, in 17 patients with isolated, organic left anterior descending coronary artery disease, and in 11 patients with isolated left anterior descending coronary artery spasm. Patients with coronary artery spasm did not have significant organic lesions at the site of spasm. All patients with organic coronary artery disease and coronary artery spasm had a history of angina pectoris without myocardial infarction. No significant differences in ejection fraction were observed among the three groups. The regional ejection change of the anterolateral and apical wall supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery was significantly decreased in patients with organic coronary artery disease compared with those in normal subjects (anterolateral 39.5 +/- 10.3% vs 48.4 +/- 7.7%, p less than 0.05; apical 48.4 +/- 8.8% vs 55.6 +/- 7.8%, p less than 0.05). However, the anterolateral and apical wall motion was not impaired in patients with coronary artery spasm. Thus, patients with organic coronary artery disease had impairment of left ventricular wall motion, while those with coronary artery spasm did not, although both groups of patients had symptoms of angina. These results suggest that patients with organic coronary artery disease may have had coronary blood flow disturbances through stenosed vessels and chronic active ischemia that produced left ventricular impairment.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of aortic wall distensibility by aortic pressure-dimension relation: effects of nifedipine on aortic wall.

The relation between aortic pressure and dimension was studied before and after nifedipine infusion in eight anaesthetised dogs. An electromagnetic flowmeter was positioned in the proximal ascending aorta and one pair of ultrasonic dimension gauges attached to the thoracic aorta. A Millar micromanometer was positioned just below the dimension gauges. A constrictor was placed around the thoracic aorta distal to the dimension gauges to produce an abrupt rise in aortic pressure for 15 s. After complete recovery nifedipine (0.75 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) was infused for 10 min and the same procedure repeated. The ratio (delta D:delta P) of the difference (delta D) between maximum and minimum dimensions (D) to the pulse pressure (delta P) and the percentage distensibility (delta D/delta P/minimum D) were decreased significantly after aortic constriction (0.037(0.013) to 0.019(0.004) mm.mmHg-1 and 0.247(0.075) to 0.121(0.033)%.mmHg-1, p less than 0.01, respectively), suggesting that these indices depend on afterload. Beat to beat mean pressure-dimension relations during the release of aortic constriction showed a convex upward curve and was fitted by an exponential function with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.99). The slope of this relation was significantly reduced after nifedipine compared with before nifedipine (379(83) to 330(119) mmHg.cm-1, p less than 0.05), suggesting an increase in aortic distensibility by nifedipine. When mean aortic pressure or stroke volume before and after nifedipine was compared at the same mean dimension, which was reduced by 5% of the control mean dimension, stroke volume increased to 128%(p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1987

Japanese patients with leukaemia following the use of Thorotrast including a patient with marked chromosomal rearrangements.

It is estimated that 20,000-33,000 persons have been injected with Thorotrast in Japan. By August 1984, 12 patients with leukaemia following the use of Thorotrast have been reported. Their clinical and haematological data indicate that most of the patients were males over 50 years of age and that the most frequent type of leukaemia involved the stem cells common to the granulocytic, erythroid and/or megakaryocytic lines. This assumption was supported by the evidence of marked chromosomal rearrangements in 100% of the cells from the bone marrow in our case. The median latent period from the administration of Thorotrast to the onset of leukaemia in Japan was 35 years, ranging from 16 to 45 years, which indicates that patients who were injected with Thorotrast should be carefully followed up in the future.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Intracranial pressure in head-injured patients with various intracranial lesions is identical throughout the supratentorial intracranial compartment.

Subarachnoid pressure was measured by bifrontal catheterization to obtain concurrent comparative intracranial pressures (ICPs). These ICPs were compared in 15 head-injured patients who had differences in the pathological processes affecting the right and left hemispheres. ICPs in these patients ranged from -3 to 130 mm Hg, but no difference was found in the concurrent comparative ICPs. These findings suggest that the supratentorial space can generally be considered as one compartment regardless of the differences in types of intracranial lesions.

Adolescent↗