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Biomedical subjects

M Yonemitsu

Publications and source records attributed to M Yonemitsu.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Evaluation of school dental health activities in Hiraizumi primary school, Iwate prefecture].

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health activities in Hiraizumi primary school, Iwate prefecture. As a result of intensive dental health activities from 1978 to 1990, which consisted of tooth brushing instruction by class, dental education for the schoolchildren and their guardians, utilization of fluoride mouth rinsing (once a week), and, by following a model school of caries prevention designated by the Ministry of Education et al., the oral health status of the Hiraizumi primary schoolchildren improved significantly compared with those of the Ohya primary schoolchildren who followed the routine school dental health activities. The results of questionnaires, taken from both primary schoolchildren in 1986 and 1989, show that the oral health behavior of the Hiraizumi primary schoolchildren also improved.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

[Study on screening of high-caries-risk children by using number of DMFT at 6 years of age].

This study was carried out to contrive a screening level and select high-caries-risk school-children by using the number of dmft in the deciduous canines and molars at 6 years of age. The screening level was established at 9 dmft by analyzing the longitudinal caries data from 119 primary schoolchildren in Tomisato, Chiba Prefecture. Thirty-three percent of the high-caries-risk children, selected by the application of this screening level to the other three primary schools, were predicted that the mean number of DMFT would be 6 or more at 11 years of age. However, this screening level was not available for the two schools which had been adopting a fluoride mouth rinsing program because of their low caries experience at 11 years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of careful tooth-brushing instruction by teachers on incipient gingivitis in school children].

At the Hiraizumi Primary School in Iwate Prefecture, 84 children with incipient gingivitis were selected at the annual dental examination in May. And the teachers instructed these children individually how to remove the remaining dental plaque. Moreover, the children were checked for the cleanliness of the teeth and inflammation of the gingiva by the teacher or their parents three times a day during the one week just before the second examination. In July the second examination was held and it was revealed that in sixty-three of eighty-four selected children the incipient inflammation of gingiva had improved.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Five-year follow-up caries study among Nigerian children.

Eighty-five children (age in 1981, 3-9 yr) examined in the 1981 survey in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were seen again in 1986. In addition cross-sectional caries data in a small sample of 6-14-yr-olds were compared with data obtained in 1986. Results show that caries prevalence rate and the average number of DMFT increased slightly in the urban area, but was still very low. Both caries prevalence and the average number of DMFT decreased in rural areas because attrition proceeded faster than did caries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Dental survey in Nigeria. Part 4. Prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases.

Six hundred and seventy-three school children from the age of 3 to 20 living in the urban and the rural areas of Nigeria were examined by the Joint Dental Epidemiological Survey in 1986. The survey was funded by the Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and was conducted by both the Japanese survey team and the staff from the University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The periodontal state of the children was evaluated according to the Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Needs (CPITN) by WHO (1). The prevalence of periodontal diseases was found to be 84.2% within the sample with a high occurrence of gingivitis and heavy deposits of calculus. However, there was little evidence of damage to the periodontal tissues. This can be attributed to the nature of their diet. The results suggested that there would be an increasing need for well-planned and organized public educational programs for the Nigerian children to promote better oral hygiene coupled with parental involvement in the prevention at home.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Metabolism of nipradilol by liver homogenates from different species. I. Comparative studies on the denitration of nipradilol and other organic nitrates.

Nipradilol (NP) was metabolized mainly in liver and denitrated and/or hydroxylated metabolites were formed. NP was not metabolized in heart or lung, and was stable in blood. Denitration of NP was catalysed mainly by glutathione-dependent organic nitrate reductase in liver cytosol, and the hydroxylation was catalysed by liver-microsomal enzymes. Denitration activity for NP was far lower than that for nitroglycerol and isosorbide dinitrate with liver homogenates of several animal species. A marked species difference was found in the denitration activity for NP; dog liver was especially low compared with rabbit, rat and mouse liver.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of the new antihypertensive agent nipradilol in rats. 1st communication: Metabolism and disposition after single oral administration of [14C]nipradilol.

The metabolism and disposition of a new antihypertensive and antianginal agent, 3,4-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino)propoxy- 3-nitroxy-2H-1-benzopyran (nipradilol, K-351) were studied using its [14C]-labelled compound in rats. The plasma level of radioactivity reached the maximum 1 h after oral administration, and the majority of radioactivities administered were recovered in urine and via the bile in feces within 48 h. From the foregoing it is obvious that the drug was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract rapidly and well, and was eliminated from the body completely. The unchanged drug detected in the plasma and urine after oral administration of 30 mg/kg was more than 10 times as much as that after 3 mg/kg. This fact indicates that the first-pass metabolism of the drug has been saturated. Denitronipradilol, 4- and 5-hydroxynipradilol, and 4- and 5-hydroxydenitronipradilol were identified as major metabolites in the plasma and excreta, and the degradation compounds of the aminohydroxypropoxy side chain were also found as minor metabolites. Among these metabolites, 4-hydroxy metabolites were found mainly as unconjugates and 5-hydroxy metabolites as glucuronides, respectively. These findings suggest that the possible metabolic pathways of nipradilol in rats involve reductive denitration of the nitroxy group, hydroxylation at the benzopyran skeleton, oxidative degradation of the beta-blocking side chain and their glucuronidation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacokinetics of the new antihypertensive agent nipradilol in rats. 2nd communication: A single oral administration of [14C]nipradilol to spontaneously hypertensive rats.

After oral administration of [14C]-labelled 3,4-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino)propoxy-3-nitroxy-2H-1-b enzopyran (nipradilol, NP, K-351) to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at doses of 3 and 30 mg/kg, the blood levels of radioactivity reached a peak at 1 h (197 and 1972 ng eq. NP/ml, respectively), whereas unchanged NP levels showed a peak at 30 min and Cmax values at both doses indicated a great difference (70-fold) in comparison with the dose ratio. Most of the radioactivity was excreted in urine and feces up to 72 h after administration. Large amounts of unchanged NP were distributed in the heart, aorta and vein which were considered to be target organs of NP. The half-lives of NP in those tissues, as well as in the blood, were short. The level of NP in the liver was low in comparison with the blood level. No significantly different levels of NP and its metabolites between SHR and normotensive rats were seen, except that the free type of 5-OH-DN was higher in the liver and urine in SHR.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

Anxiety and dental caries.

It is accepted that emotional stress causes various kinds of degenerative physiological changes. We have assumed that it is important to study the relationship between anxiety and dental caries. Anxiety and personality of children were investigated and oral examinations and questionnaires about their life style were performed. There was statistically a significant relationship between dental caries and anxiety which may be overridden by keeping regular hours. To prevent dental caries, we conclude that more attention should be paid to psychosomatic responses which may cause dental caries.

Activities of Daily Living↗