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Biomedical subjects

M Yoshihara

Publications and source records attributed to M Yoshihara.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Pernicious anemia and Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan: evaluation in a country with a high prevalence of infection.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the degree of gastritis and the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Japanese patients with pernicious anemia (PA). METHODS: Histological assessment for mucosal atrophy and inflammation was performed in gastric biopsy specimens taken from 24 Japanese patients with PA and from 24 age- and sex-matched controls. The prevalence of H. pylori was evaluated by Giemsa staining and serum IgG antibodies. Serum gastrin and pepsinogens were determined by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: All patients with PA had severe fundic atrophic gastritis, and 17 (71%) also had antral atrophic gastritis. Thirteen (54%) of 24 age- and sex-matched controls had fundic atrophic gastritis, and 15 (62%) also had antral atrophic gastritis. Mucosal inflammation was identified in the fundus of all 24 patients and in 15 (62%) controls and in the antrum of 22 (92%) patients and 16 (67%) controls. H. pylori was not detected by Giemsa staining or serum IgG antibodies to H. pylori in any patient with PA but was present in 16 (67%) controls. Serum gastrin levels were significantly higher, and serum pepsinogen I, II, and the I/II ratio were significantly lower in patients than in controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that H. pylori infection is infrequent in PA and is unlikely to be a factor in producing type A gastritis in PA.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

The relationship between gastric secretion and type of early gastric carcinoma.

To determine the relationship between gastric secretion and gastric carcinoma, we investigated gastric acid secretion and the fasting serum levels of pepsinogen I and gastrin in 50 Japanese patients with early gastric carcinoma. After the histological and macroscopic type of carcinoma had been determined, results were compared with findings in 50 Japanese control subjects whose gastric mucosa was endoscopically normal. The maximum gastric acid secretion and fasting levels of serum pepsinogen I were significantly lower in intestinal type gastric carcinoma than in diffuse type carcinoma and in the controls. They were also significantly lower in the non-ulcerative (elevated or flat) type than in the ulcerative (depressed) type of carcinoma. The serum gastrin levels in patients with early gastric carcinoma of either the intestinal or diffuse type were higher than those in the control subjects, though the difference was not significant. Gastric acid secretion and serum pepsinogen I levels were related with both the histological and macroscopic types of gastric carcinoma. These findings suggest that the serum pepsinogen I level might be useful as a maker for early gastric carcinoma of the intestinal type.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression at the invasive tumor margin predicts malignant potential of colorectal carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: Proliferative activity may be a useful measure of malignant potential for a variety of tumors. Colorectal carcinomas contain multiple cell populations with different biologic properties. The invasive tumor margin is thought to represent the area with the highest metastatic potential. METHODS: Cell proliferation at the invasive tumor margin of 49 specimens of advanced colorectal carcinoma was assessed by immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and compared with clinicopathologic findings. RESULTS: Colorectal carcinomas showed a wide range of PCNA labeling indexes (LI), reflecting variation in proliferative activity. The PCNA LI of tumors showing venous invasion (mean, 51.7% +/- 16.2%) was significantly higher than that of tumors without venous invasion (mean, 36.7% +/- 18.2%; P < 0.01). A strong association was observed between the PCNA LI and the metastatic potential of colorectal carcinoma; the PCNA LI of tumors showing lymph node metastasis (mean, 50.5% +/- 17%) was significantly higher than that of tumors without nodal involvement (mean, 39.8% +/- 18.5%; P < 0.05). In addition, the PCNA LI of tumors metastatic to liver (mean, 55.2% +/- 15.7%) was significantly higher than that of tumors without liver metastasis (mean, 41.0% +/- 17.6%; P < 0.01). Correlation with histologic features at the invasive tumor margin showed that a higher PCNA LI was associated with less differentiated tumors (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Evaluation of the PCNA LI at the invasive tumor margin may help identify colorectal carcinomas that have a higher malignant potential.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1994

Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric acid secretion in young healthy subjects.

We studied the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric acid secretion, along with fasting serum gastrin levels, in 55 asymptomatic healthy volunteers under 30 years old (29 H. pylori-positive, 26 H. pylori-negative). Mean scores of antral gastritis were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive subjects than in H. pylori-negative subjects. There was no significant difference in both basal and maximal acid output between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative subjects. Fasting serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-positive subjects than in H. pylori-negative subjects. Sex did not significantly affect gastritis scores, gastric acid secretion, or fasting serum gastrin levels, although maximal acid output was slightly higher in H. pylori-negative men than in H. pylori-positive men. Our results suggest that H. pylori infection has no direct effect on gastric acid secretion in young healthy subjects, although it induces hypergastrinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The risk factors of lymph node metastasis in submucosal invasive gastric carcinoma--assessment of the indication for endoscopic treatment].

Recent advances in endoscopic diagnosis and treatments have increased the number of early gastric carcinomas being treated by endoscopic resection. However, the appropriate criteria for endoscopic resection of gastric carcinomas with submucosal invasion are not completely established. During the past 12 years from 1980 to 1992, 116 lesions in 116 patients were treated by surgical operation for differentiated type submucosal invasive gastric carcinoma. In this study, the risk factors of lymph node metastasis were investigated clinicopathologically. As the result, 1) Heterogeneity of submucosal invasive tumor margin was demonstrated in 19 (16%) of the 116 lesions of which predominant histology was differentiated adenocarcinoma. 2) Lymph node metastasis was demonstrated in 16 (16%) of the 97 lesions of which histology was differentiated type. 3) Significant risk factors of lymph node metastasis was demonstrated in submucosal massive invasion (sm3), papillary adenocarcinoma, INF gamma, lymph vessel involvement (ly(+)), and existence of ulcer (ul(+)). 4) Sm3 and papillary adenocarcinoma (pap) had a higher malignant potential than ly(+), INF gamma, and ul(+) by multivariate analysis using the logistic regression. 5) All lesions with both well differentiated adenocarcinoma (tub1) and sm minimal invasion (sm1) had no lymph node metastasis. These results suggested that the lesions with both well differentiated adenocarcinoma tub1 and sm1, which have no other risk factors such as ly(+), INF gamma, and ul(+), may be considered as the appropriate indication for endoscopic treatment of gastric submucosal carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1994

Regulation of antral peptides by administration of omeprazole to healthy men.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the effects of short-term administration of omeprazole on the regulation of antral gastrin and somatostatin in 15 healthy men. METHODS: Seven of these men were administrated 20 mg, and eight were given 40 mg of omeprazole for 8 days each. All subjects were examined before the first dose and after the last dose. RESULTS: Each dose significantly increased the basal serum gastrin level. Although the dose of omeprazole 20 mg/day had no significant affect on the antral somatostatin content, omeprazole 40 mg/day increased the antral gastrin content and decreased the antral somatostatin content significantly. Both doses significantly increased in the antral gastrin mRNA level. However, neither dose significantly affected the antral somatostatin mRNA level. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows reciprocal changes between the antral content of gastrin and somatostatin following omeprazole administration. These results indicate that antral somatostatin may be involved in the hypersecretion of gastrin produced by omeprazole in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Assessment for development of superficial colorectal neoplasm--endoscopic and clinicopathologic analysis of 149 submucosal invasive carcinomas].

We performed the endoscopic and clinicopathologic analysis for the development of superficial colorectal carcinoma, using 149 submucosal (sm) invasive colorectal carcinomas. It was observed that superficial colorectal carcinomas had a tendency to rise by their sm massive invasion. In this study, we judged that the sm colorectal carcinomas originated from superficial colorectal carcinoma were 37 (25%) of 149 lesions, and their distribution in the colon and rectum was similar to that of advanced colorectal carcinomas, although the lesions originated from non-superficial (polypoid) colorectal carcinoma did not show so tendency. On the other hand, sm colorectal carcinomas originated from superficial colorectal carcinoma contained the evident adenomatous components in 7 (19%) of 37 lesions and had significantly higher incidence of lymph node metastasis than those originated from non-superficial (polypoid) carcinoma. These results suspected the facts as follows; 1) Superficial early colorectal carcinoma may be compatible as the origin to advanced colorectal carcinoma and has higher malignant potential than non-superficial early carcinoma. 2) Superficial colorectal carcinoma might also have the route of the development of "adenoma-carcinoma sequence", as well as "de novo" histogenesis.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1993

Measurement of vascular reactivity in head injured patients.

It is has been demonstrated that clinical outcome following head injury is correlated with the reactivity of the cerebrovasculature to carbon dioxide changes. Since CBF measurements are difficult to perform in these patients, a new technique is proposed utilizing the ICP response to capnic stimuli. In 40 head injured patients, the responses of ICP, pressure volume index (PVI) and middle cerebral artery velocities to hypocapnia and to hypercapnia were determined. Hypocapnia reduced ICP and MCA velocity while hypercapnia was followed by ICP and MCA velocity increases. Both changes were in the same magnitude supporting the concept the global ICP response reflects vascular reactivity. The fact that the velocity response to hypocapnia in lesioned hemispheres was less compared to the ICP response indicates the loss of ability to dilate in injured vessels and is consistent with earlier findings relating reduced reactivity to poor outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Gastric emptying and bezoars in Japanese. Report of five cases.

Bezoars are conglomerates of undigested material in the stomach. Previous reports have shown that a decrease in secretion of pepsin and gastric acid and a delay in gastric emptying might contribute to their formation. To clarify the pathogenesis of the formation of gastric bezoars, we studied gastric emptying in five patients who presented with a bezoar. In addition, gastric acid secretion was studied in three of the cases. Gastric emptying was not delayed in any case, and there was no trend toward a decrease in gastric acid secretion. The five patients were successfully treated by the endoscopic fragmentation and enzymatic dissolution of the bezoars. We conclude that, in Japanese, factors other than a delay in gastric emptying are the main contributors to bezoar formation.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Solitary pedunculated polypoid gastric gland heterotopia.

A solitary pedunculated gastric polyp in the gastric fundus was removed from an asymptomatic 36-year-old woman with normal gastric acid secretion and a normal serum gastrin level. This lesion exhibited distinctive histological features including prominent proliferation of pseudopyloric glands, fundic glands, foveolar epithelium and a fibromuscular stroma. Moreover, its surface was entirely covered by a layer of normal gastric epithelium. Biopsies of the background mucosa taken from the gastric fundus revealed only mild superficial gastritis. A gastric gland heterotopia was diagnosed because of its unique morphology.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Usefulness of nucleolar organizer region staining in gastric myogenic tumors: correlation with ploidy by DNA flow cytometry.

A silver-staining technique to identify nucleolar organizer region-associated proteins (Ag-NOR) was applied to 55 gastric myogenic tumors. The mean numbers of Ag-NOR in the nucleus were: leiomyoma (30 cases), 2.0 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD); low-grade leiomyosarcoma (11 cases), 3.0 +/- 0.7; and high-grade leiomyosarcoma (14 cases), 3.9 +/- 0.7. The Ag-NOR counts were compared with DNA ploidy as determined by flow cytometry in 46 tumors. The Ag-NOR counts were significantly different in the aneuploid leiomyosarcomas (4.1 +/- 0.6: mean +/- SD) and diploid leiomyosarcomas (2.9 +/- 0.6: mean +/- SD). Thus, this parameter may serve as an objective histological discriminant for malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Gastric acid secretion, serum pepsinogen I, and serum gastrin in Japanese with gastric hyperplastic polyps or polypoid-type early gastric carcinoma.

We determined the maximum secretion of gastric acid and the fasting serum levels of pepsinogen I and gastrin in Japanese patients with gastric hyperplastic polyps or polypoid-type early gastric carcinoma, comparing those findings with observations in control subjects. Both the maximum acid secretion and fasting levels of serum pepsinogen I were significantly lower in the patients with gastric hyperplastic polyps or polypoid-type early gastric carcinoma than in the controls. Fasting serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in the patients with gastric hyperplastic polyps than in the other two groups of subjects. These data demonstrated that the combination of hypochlorhydria, a low level of pepsinogen I, and hypergastrinemia (type-A gastritis) was common in the patients with gastric hyperplastic polyps, whereas hypochlorhydria and a low pepsinogen I without hypergastrinemia (type-B gastritis) were common in those with polypoid-type early gastric carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of endoscopic therapy and conventional surgery for the treatment of early gastric cancer in elderly patients].

The first choice for the treatment of gastric cancer is surgery. Presently, endoscopic therapy offers the possibility of cure for some types of early gastric cancer, especially among aged or poor surgical risk patients and has obtained excellent results. During the past 13 years and 6 months from April 1978 to September 1991, 55 lesions in 52 patients aged over 75 years old were treated by endoscopic therapy. During this same period, 57 patients aged over 75 years old were surgically treated for early gastric cancer. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of endoscopic therapy for the treatment of early gastric cancer, and furthermore we compared endoscopic therapy with surgery in relation to prognosis, complications and quality of life. The analysis of endoscopic treatment showed that in 72.7% of our cases local cure was obtained. Generally, early gastric cancers less than 20 mm, of well differentiated type, restricted to the mucosa and without ulceration are suitable for endoscopic therapy. Local cure could be achieved in more than 90% of these cases. Among the 52 patients treated by endoscopic therapy, there were residual lesions after treatment in in 4 patients. They died of advanced disease or metastatic liver tumor. These patients were poor surgical risks and for this reason surgery was contraindicated. Analysis by the Kaplan-Meier method showed that in comparison with conventional surgery, endoscopic therapy showed better results in the first two years of follow up and almost the same results after three years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Gastric emptying in elderly patients with cerebral vascular diseases and the effect of trimebutine].

The authors investigated gastric emptying in 18 elderly patients with cerebral vascular diseases using the acetaminophen method. Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their levels of daily activity. One group consisted of 10 comatose patients (71-92 years old), the other consisted of 8 patients (74-95 years old) who could walk by themselves. We also investigated gastric emptying in 6 comatose patients (38-83 years old) because of other diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in 11 elder controls (75-95 years old). In elderly controls, the acetaminophen concentration at 45 minutes was 9.08 +/- 1.71 micrograms/ml. In comatose patients due to cerebral vascular diseases, the concentration was 3.89 +/- 1.60 micrograms/ml, which showed significantly delayed gastric emptying (p < 0.05). In patients with cerebral vascular diseases who could walk, the concentration was 6.51 +/- 0.99 micrograms/ml. In comatose patients by another diseases, the concentration was 5.82 +/- 1.13 micrograms/ml. We suspected that delayed gastric emptying is related to the comatose state. Trimebutine significantly (p < 0.01) improved gastric emptying in comatose patients with cerebral vascular diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A clinical study of pepsinogen I and II producing gastric carcinomas].

Anti-human pepsinogen (PG) I and II monoclonal antibodies were used in an immunohistochemical study of 56 cases of gastric carcinoma (37 early stage and 19 advanced stage). We examined the relationship between positivity of the carcinoma for producing PG I and II and serum PG I and II levels. We found that in 2 cases (3.6%), the carcinoma produced PG I and in 11 cases (19.6%), it produced PG II. Early gastric carcinomas and differentiated-type carcinomas produced PG II more frequently than advanced and undifferentiated-type carcinomas. Also, type II c carcinomas and carcinomas located in the C area of the stomach produced PG II more frequently. But there was no significant difference between PG I and II-positive and negative cases in relation to both serum PG I and II levels. Moreover, the rate of positivity did not correlate with cases of abnormally high levels of serum PG I and II, (except in 1 case with abnormally high serum PG I in which PG II was produced.) These results suggest that there is no significant relationship between PG I or II-producing gastric carcinomas and serum PG levels. Furthermore, we examined PG II-producing and non-producing carcinomas in relation to the grade of inflammation, atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa. However, there was no statistically significant difference among these factors. Only serum PG I and II levels were related to these parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Monoclonal antibodies which stain small subsets of neurons in the Drosophila central nervous system.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to small subsets of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) of Drosophila melanogaster were described. MAbs 43A8, 45C6 and 65C11, which were obtained in fusion experiments using the third instar larval or prepupal CNS as an immunogen, stained a small number of neurons in the postembryonic CNS. Functional implications of the observed immunoreactivities during neural development in the Drosophila CNS are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Extra sequences found at P element excision sites in Drosophila melanogaster.

We have previously established a transgenic Drosophila line with a highly transposable P element insertion. Using this strain we analyzed transposition and excision of the P element at the molecular level. We examined sequences flanking the new insertion sites and those of the remnants after excision. Our results on mobilization of the P element demonstrate that target-site duplication at the original insertion site does not play a role in forward excision and transposition. After P element excision an 8 bp target-site duplication and part of the 31 bp terminal inverted repeat (5-18 bp) remained in all the strains examined. Moreover, in 11 out of 28 strains, extra sequences were found between the two remaining inverted repeats. The double-strand gap repair model does not explain the origin of these extra sequences. The mechanism creating them may be similar to the hairpin model proposed for the transposon Tam in Antirrhinum majus.

Animals↗