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Biomedical subjects

M Yoshihara

Publications and source records attributed to M Yoshihara.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Somatostatin in gastric juice in normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer.

Somatostatin in gastric juice was determined in normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer. Gel exclusion chromatography of gastric juice revealed that the main immunoreactivity existed at the position of somatostatin-14. A large amount of somatostatin was present in gastric juice, and the quantity increased following tetragastrin stimulation. Furthermore, there was a good inverse correlation between somatostatin concentration and acidity of gastric juice; however, there was no difference between normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer in the amount of somatostatin released into gastric juice.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cerebral aneurysms in children.

Childhood intracranial saccular aneurysms are rare, accounting for only 0.6-4.6% of all aneurysms. This paper presents two such cases. A 12-year-old boy developed sudden severe headaches. CT indicated subarachnoid hemorrhage in the bilateral sylvian fissure. Angiography failed to demonstrate any vascular lesions. Repeat angiography, however, revealed a 2 mm aneurysm on the right A-1. A miniclip was successfully applied to obliterate the aneurysm. The postoperative course was uneventful. In the second case, a 3-year-old boy, CT incidentally revealed a bullet-shaped high density area. Angiography demonstrated a large aneurysm arising from the insular portion of the prefrontal branch of middle cerebral artery. This large aneurysm with a broad-based neck was successfully clipped, employing the angioplastic and/or tandem clipping, despite the fact the prefrontal artery unfortunately was compromised in postoperative angiography. The patient was doing well postoperatively. Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in childhood is uncommon. However, when children with SAH is encountered, angiography should be performed repeatedly even if the first angiogram does not demonstrate any vascular abnormality. Childhood aneurysms are increasingly being found incidentally in CT scans. The differences between child and adult aneurysms in regard to site, size, sex predominance, clinical features, and surgical outcome are discussed.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1992

Immunoreactive transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.

A total of 117 colorectal tissue specimens were examined immunohistochemically for the production of immunoreactive (IR-) transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and IR-epidermal growth factor (EGF). IR-TGF-alpha was detected in 26/32 (81.3%) invasive cancers, 14/27 (51.9%) carcinomas in situ, and 14/58 (24.1%) adenomas. IR-EGF was detected in 14/32 (43.8%) invasive cancers, 12/27 (44.4%) carcinomas in situ, and 12/58 (20.7%) adenomas. The staining intensity of IR-TGF-alpha was related to the histologic grade of malignancy, but that of IR-EGF was not. These suggest that IR-TGF-alpha plays a more important role than IR-EGF in the growth of colorectal neoplasms, and that further study of these growth factors would be helpful in understanding the biology of colorectal carcinoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1992

Single-dose kinetics of primidone in human subjects: effect of phenytoin on formation and elimination of active metabolites of primidone, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide.

Effect of repetitive administration of phenytoin (PHT) on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of primidone (PRM) was investigated in 3 healthy male subjects. The peak concentration of unchanged PRM was achieved at 12 and 8 h after the administration of PRM in the absence and the presence of PHT, respectively. The elimination half-life of PRM was decreased from 19.4 +/- 2.2 (mean +/- S.E.) to 10.2 +/- 5.1 h (p < 0.05) and the total body clearance was increased from 24.6 +/- 3.1 to 45.1 +/- 5.1 ml/h/kg (p < 0.01) in the presence of PHT. No significant change was observed for the apparent volume of distribution between the two treatments. In the absence of PHT, the measurable amount (> or = 0.1 mumol/l) of phenobarbital (PB) and phenylethylmalonamide (PEMA) did not appear in the serum until 5.3 and 1.3 h after the PRM administration, and the peak concentrations of PB and PEMA were achieved at 52 and 36 h, but the concentrations of both metabolites were very low (PB 1.3 mumol/l; PEMA 1.7 mumol/l). In the presence of PHT, within 0.8 and 0.5 h after the administration of PRM, the derived PB and PEMA appeared in the serum. About a 6-fold increase in the peak concentrations of both the metabolites were observed (PB 8.2 mumol/l; PEMA 11.0 mumol/l). No significant changes were observed for the elimination half-lives of both PB and PEMA in the absence and presence of PHT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Helicobacter pylori infection and gastroduodenal disease: a comparison of endoscopic findings, histology, and urease test data.

To determine the prevalence and significance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, biopsies of the antral mucosa were obtained from 139 patients and 43 asymptomatic volunteers. The specimens were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and the ureas test. The detection rate of H. pylori by histologic examination was 91.3% in patients with duodenal ulcer, 75.0% in those with combined duodenal and gastric ulcer, 63.6% in those with gastric ulcer, 22.9% in those with gastric carcinoma, 36.4% in those with gastric adenoma, 14.3% in those with gastric hyperplastic polyp, and 51.7% in those with gastritis, and the respective percentages detected by the urease test were 91.3%, 75.0%, 54.5%, 28.6%, 27.3%, 14.3%, and 44.8%. H. pylori was also detected in 10/43 (23.3%) asymptomatic healthy volunteers by histology and the urease test. The prevalence of H. pylori was significantly higher in the patients than in the asymptomatic healthy volunteers (p < 0.05). H. pylori was detected in 62.9% of patients with endoscopic erosive gastritis and in 97.9% of those with histologically proven chronic active gastritis. The urease test was positive in 77/82 patients who were histologically positive for the organism (sensitivity: 93.9%), and it was negative in 98/100 patients who were negative by histology (specificity: 98.0%). Thus, there was over 90% agreement between the urease test and histology. Our investigations showed that H. pylori was closely related to peptic ulcers and antral gastritis, and that the urease test provides a simple, rapid and accurate diagnosis of H. pylori infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Rapid growth and difficulty of early detection of scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach.

We report six cases of scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach in which we were able to observe the natural history of serial radiographs. All the patients developed scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach in an observation periods ranging from 2 to 15 months (mean: 5.8 months). No abnormalities or obvious findings indicative of a carcinoma were detectable, on the prior radiographs, even when they were reviewed. Endoscopy was also performed in two patients during the observation period, and no lesions were detected. At the time of diagnosis, two patients were inoperable because of metastases and died of the disease 2 and 5 months later. Three patients died of the disease 5, 8, and 26 months after gastrectomy, respectively. Only one patient is free of disease 16 months after gastrectomy. Our findings suggest that the difficulty of detection and the rapid growth of this tumor may explain why it is seldom detected at an early stage and has a very poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed1992

Ultrasonographic assessment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Ultrasound examinations were performed in 36 patients with Crohn's disease, 28 with ulcerative colitis, and 50 with no bowel disease. The pathological findings were classified into three types and compared with the radiographic and/or colonoscopic findings. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis could be detected by ultrasonography with a sensitivity of 86% and 89%, respectively. The ultrasonographic features correlated with the radiographic/colonoscopic findings and with disease activity, but did not help much in making a differential diagnosis, although the location of the pathologic changes was helpful to some extent. In conclusion, ultrasonography can serve as a useful alternative diagnostic procedure that permits us to obtain information about transmural changes in inflammatory bowel disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Agranulocytosis caused by ticlopidine and its mechanism.

A 75-year-old female patient with agranulocytosis caused by ticlopidine is reported. She took the drug at 200 mg/day for 30 days to prevent recurrence of cerebral infarction. The leukocyte count at the nadir was 500/microliters on the 34th day since she started to take the drug. Complete recovery of her peripheral leukocytes came 12 days after its withdrawal. In this patient, mechanisms of ticlopidine-caused agranulocytosis were studied. The lymphocyte stimulation test using ticlopidine was negative. In the culture of marrow cells depleted of lymphocytes, ticlopidine directly inhibited the CFU-C in a dose-dependent manner. Neither the serum on the day of admission nor the T-lymphocytes pre-cultured with ticlopidine had any effect on the CFU-C. The lymphocyte stimulation test is useless in an attempt to find the causal drug in agranulocytosis if it is caused in a directly toxic manner. Agranulocytosis caused by ticlopidine is rare, but careful follow-up is necessary in the case of patients on the drug because there are some whose marrow cells are very sensitive to it.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of tumor growth rate in patients with early gastric carcinoma of the elevated type.

The growth rates of elevated-type early gastric carcinoma in 12 patients were determined chronologically using serial radiographs. Eight progressed from an early to an advanced stage during periods of observation ranging from 4-82 months (mean 31.7 months), while four patients were still in an early stage at final examination, despite an increase in tumor size. The tumor volume doubling months) but varied considerably among patients. Aggressive endoscopy should be performed for all elevated lesions of the stomach because they can harbor malignancy; some can grow rapidly as reported here.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Rapid growth of untreated esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in 10 patients.

We documented the natural history of esophageal carcinoma and its rapid growth by measuring the change in tumor diameter radiographically in 10 patients during an observation period because the diagnosis had been missed. Nine men and one woman (age range, 48-74 years; mean, 60 years) were included in the study. Eight patients had undergone esophagography for gastrointestinal complaints and had lesions missed on the initial interpretation that were apparent on retrospective review after the patient had returned with more severe complaints and undergone repeat studies; two patients had refused treatment. The tumor was squamous-cell carcinoma in all. The treatment-free retrospective observation period ranged from 4 to 19 months (mean, 12.2 months) and was shorter for elevated (mean, 9.2 months) than for depressed lesions (mean, 16.8 months). The longitudinal diameter increased from 10-100 mm initially (mean, 30.5 mm) to 32-150 mm (mean, 74.9 mm). No correlation existed between the increase in size and histologic features. This documentation of the rapid increase in the size of esophageal carcinoma involving at least the submucosa confirms clinical impressions of the aggressive nature of this lesion and offers an explanation of why this disease is seldom detected at an early stage and long-term survival is so poor after the early stage of disease.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1991

Gastric mucosa in female patients with fundic glandular polyps.

To evaluate the characteristics of the gastric mucosa in women with fundic glandular polyps, we examined gastric acid secretion, fasting serum levels of pepsinogen I and gastrin, and gastric histology in 11 female patients with fundic polyps, and compared the results with 30 female controls without endoscopic abnormalities and 50 female patients with gastric foveolar hyperplastic polyps. No significant difference was found in gastric and secretion and fasting serum levels of pepsinogen I and gastrin between the patients with fundic glandular polyps and the control subjects. Histological examination showed that atrophic gastritis was generally not found in the patients with fundic glandular polyps. In contrast, gastric acid secretion and fasting serum levels of pepsinogen I were significantly lower and serum gastrin levels were significantly higher in the patients with foveolar hyperplastic polyps than in the other two groups. Also, patients with foveolar hyperplastic polyps had a higher prevalence and further advanced atrophic gastritis in the fundus than did the other two groups. Our investigations demonstrated that fundic glandular polyps arise from gastric mucosa without atrophic gastritis, whereas foveolar hyperplastic polyps develop from mucosa affected by atrophic gastritis, especially type A gastritis.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Independence of excision frequency and transposition frequency of P element in Drosophila melanogaster.

Although a family of transposon, P elements, are used as tools for molecular genetics in Drosophila melanogaster, the molecular details and mechanism of their mobilization process have not been studied extensively. In particular, the relationship between excision and transposition is little understood. We have previously produced a transgenic fly with a P element insertion that is nonautonomous (stable without transposase) and is highly-transposable in the presence of transposase. Using this insertion, we traced its mobilizations following introduction of a stable transposase source. We found a strain that has a 26-bp tandem repeat at the end of the original P element insertion. The 26-bp repeat reduced the frequency of excision although the frequency of transposition was not altered. Our results indicate independence of transposition from excision and importance of terminal repeat in excision.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Bilateral microphthalmos with orbital cyst--case report.

A 3-month-old girl presented with a rare occurrence of bilateral microphthalmos associated with orbital cysts. She underwent subtotal removal of the right orbital cyst. Histological examination was compatible with microphthalmos with orbital cyst. Although microphthalmos associated with orbital cyst is rarely encountered, it must be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cystic lesions.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Endoscopic therapy for gastric cancer in patients more than 80 years old.

We prospectively studied 17 gastric cancer patients who were more than 80 yr old, in whom endoscopic therapy was performed. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group included 13 patients in whom curative treatment was attempted, and in 11 (85%) a curative response was achieved. Two patients in this group showed a positive gastric biopsy after 1 and 2 yr, respectively, of therapy: one patient is under current treatment with laser therapy, and the other patient underwent surgery with resection of the stomach. The second group included four patients in whom treatment was aimed at prolonging survival or palliation, and in all four patients, a successful response was obtained. Therefore, our results demonstrate that endoscopic therapy is effective for the treatment of gastric cancer patients over 80 yr old.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Immunoreactive transforming growth factor alpha is commonly present in colorectal neoplasia.

Surgical specimens from 19 patients with invasive colorectal cancers and 12 specimens of normal mucosa from the same patients were examined immunohistochemically for the production of the immunoreactive (IR-) transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha and IR-epidermal growth factor (EGF) with an anti-TGF-alpha monoclonal antibody (MAb) OAL-MTG01 and anti-EGF MAb KEM-10. Immunoreactive TGF-alpha was detected in 16 (84.2%) of 19 colorectal cancers. In contrast, there was no IR-TGF-alpha in the gland cells of normal mucosa. Immunoreactive EGF was detected in 7 (36.8%) of 19 colorectal cancers and 1 (8.3%) of 12 cases of normal mucosa. The production of both IR-TGF-alpha and IR-EGF in colorectal cancer did not differ by histologic type and Dukes' stage. Immunoreactive TGF-alpha was detected at significantly higher incidence than IR-EGF in colorectal cancer. These results indicate that IR-TGF-alpha should prove valuable as a possible tumor marker in colorectal cancers, and it may be very useful in understanding the biology of colorectal cancer.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

Superficial esophageal carcinoma: a report of 27 cases in Japan.

Twenty-seven patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma were investigated to determine their clinical and pathological features. All 21 male patients were habitual drinkers, and 17 were heavy smokers. Histological examination showed that three tumors were intraepithelial, five were mucosal, and 19 were submucosal. Fifteen of the 27 patients were asymptomatic, including seven of the eight with intraepithelial or mucosal carcinoma. Twelve of the 13 patients with polypoid tumors had submucosal invasion, whereas two patients with flat tumors and four of the seven with erosive tumors had either intraepithelial or mucosal carcinoma. Six of the eight patients with intraepithelial or mucosal carcinoma had normal routine radiological studies. All these eight patients had no lymph node involvement, whereas four of the 19 with submucosal carcinoma had lymph node metastases. An aggressive approach to endoscopy in asymptomatic high-risk individuals (middle-aged male drinkers and smokers) may increase the detection of early esophageal carcinoma, although the cost-effectiveness should be evaluated further. In addition, in the interest of prevention, our results show that encouraging people to stop smoking and limit their alcohol intake to an occasional drink might be an important factor in lessening the risk for esophageal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Multiplicative effect of hyperpepsinogenemia I and non-secretor status on the risk of duodenal ulcer in siblings.

In a search for genetic markers of duodenal ulcer, serum pepsinogen I level, ABO blood groups and secretor status were determined in 89 siblings of 34 duodenal ulcer families. Duodenal ulcer patients were likely either to have hyperpepsinogenemia I or to be non-secretors on a familial basis, but not to have an increased frequency of blood group O. The frequency of duodenal ulcer in the siblings was highest in hyperpepsinogenemia I/non-secretor and lowest in normopepsinogenemia I/secretor. Therefore, the influence of two genes, hyperpepsinogenemia I and non-secretor, on the risk of duodenal ulcer is multiplicative. These results provide evidence on the hypothesis of polygenic inheritance of duodenal ulcer.

ABO Blood-Group System↗